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Git 101: Git and GitHub for Beginners
This document provides a comprehensive overview of Git and GitHub, starting with installation instructions and explaining version control, Git's functionality, and how it works, including key concepts like snapshots, commits, repositories, branches, and merging. It highlights GitHub as a web-based hosting service for Git repositories to facilitate online collaboration. Additionally, the document includes links to resources for further learning about Git and GitHub.
Git 101: Git and GitHub for Beginners
- 1.
- 2. Overview 1. Install gitand create a Github account 2. What is git? 3. How does git work? 4. What is GitHub? 5. Quick example using git and GitHub Github icon
- 3. Install git anda create GitHub account1
- 4. Install git • Linux(Debian) - Command: sudo apt-get install git! • Linux (Fedora) - Command: sudo yum install git! • Mac - http://git-scm.com/download/mac • Windows - http://git-scm.com/download/win
- 5. Create Github account • www.github.com • Free for public repositories
- 6. What is versioncontrol? • A system that keeps records of your changes • Allows for collaborative development • Allows you to know who made what changes and when • Allows you to revert any changes and go back to a previous state
- 7.
- 8. What is versioncontrol? • Distributed version control • Users keep entire code and history on their location machines • Users can make any changes without internet access • (Except pushing and pulling changes from a remote server)
- 9. What is git? • Started in 2005 • Created by Linus Torvald to aid in Linux kernel development Git icon
- 10. What is git? • Git isn’t the only version control system • But (we think) it’s the best
- 11. How does gitwork?3
- 12. How does gitwork? • Can be complicated at first, but there are a few key concepts • Important git terminology in following slides are blue
- 13. Key Concepts: Snapshots • The way git keeps track of your code history • Essentially records what all your files look like at a given point in time • You decide when to take a snapshot, and of what files • Have the ability to go back to visit any snapshot • Your snapshots from later on will stay around, too
- 14. Key Concepts: Commit • The act of creating a snapshot • Can be a noun or verb • “I commited code” • “I just made a new commit” • Essentially, a project is made up of a bunch of commits
- 15. Key Concepts: Commit • Commits contain three pieces of information: 1. Information about how the files changed from previously 2. A reference to the commit that came before it • Called the “parent commit” 3. A hash code name • Will look something like: fb2d2ec5069fc6776c80b3ad6b7cbde3cade4e
- 16. Key Concepts: Repositories • Often shortened to ‘repo’ • A collection of all the files and the history of those files • Consists of all your commits • Place where all your hard work is stored
- 17. Key Concepts: Repositories • Can live on a local machine or on a remote server (GitHub!) • The act of copying a repository from a remote server is called cloning • Cloning from a remote server allows teams to work together
- 18. Key Concepts: Repositories • The process of downloading commits that don’t exist on your machine from a remote repository is called pulling changes • The process of adding your local changes to the remote repository is called pushing changes
- 19. Key Concepts: Branches • All commits in git live on some branch • But there can be many, many branches • The main branch in a project is called the master branch
- 20. So, what doesa typical project look like? • A bunch of commits linked together that live on some branch, contained in a repository • Following images taken and modified from: • http://marklodato.github.io/visual-git- guide/index-en.html • Also a good tutorial!
- 21. So, what doesa typical project look like? Time going forward
- 22. So, what isHEAD? Time going forward
- 23. So, what isHEAD? • A reference to the most recent commit Time going forward
- 24. So, what isHEAD? Time going forward • A reference to the most recent commit • (in most cases – not always true!)
- 25. So, what isMASTER? Time going forward • The main branch in your project • Doesn’t have to be called master, but almost always is!
- 26. Key Concepts: Branchingoff of the master branch • The start of a branch points to a specific commit • When you want to make any changes to your project you make a new branch based on a commit
- 27. Key Concepts: Branchingoff of the master branch Time going forward Images from: http://codingdomain.com/ git/merging/
- 28. Key Concepts: Merging • Once you’re done with your feature, you merge it back into master Time going forward
- 29. Key Concepts: Howdo you make a commit anyway? • There are a lot of ‘states’ and ‘places’ a file can be • Local on your computer: the ‘working directory’ • When a file is ready to be put in a commit you add it onto the ‘index’ or ‘staging’ • Staging is the new preferred term – but you can see both ‘index’ and ‘staging’ being used
- 30. Key Concepts: Howdo you make a commit anyway? • The process: • Make some changes to a file • Use the ‘git add’ command to put the file onto the staging environment • Use the ‘git commit’ command to create a new commit’
- 31. Key Concepts: Howdo you make a commit anyway? Time going forward
- 32. Key Concepts: Howdo you make a commit anyway? Time going forward
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- 34. What is GitHub? • www.github.com • Largest web-based git repository hosting service • Aka, hosts ‘remote repositories’ • Allows for code collaboration with anyone online • Adds extra functionality on top of git • UI, documentation, bug tracking, feature requests, pull requests, and more! Octocat!
- 35. What is GitHub? • Founded in 2008 • Also has an Enterprise edition for businesses Octocat!
- 36.
- 37. Additional Resources • Officialgit site and tutorial: https://git-scm.com/ • GitHub guides: https://guides.github.com/ • Command cheatsheet: https://training.github.com/kit/ downloads/github-git-cheat-sheet.pdf • Interactive git tutorial: https://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1 • Visual/interactive cheatsheet: http://ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html