Unit 1.1 introduction to cloud computing

Unit 1.1 introduction to cloud computing

• 1.
  Introduction to CloudComputing Prakash G Khaire
• 2.
  Cloud Computing Basics •Cloud computing is hazy word • Computing occur in remote locations without the need for human intervention. • Users don’t know how the computers, their software or the network are functioning. • In real world, computing can be viewed in two stages – Centralized – Desktop
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  Cloud Computing Basics •Centralized computing did not give users enough control. • As the cost of computing power continued to decrease, the cost of manpower to implement and manage computer systems have increased. • Computer scientist have suggested – A vast grid of computers attached via the Internet, whose power is combined for large-scale tasks, when needed. Thus, large numbers of computing system are used for particular tasks. – A computing utility which would offer just as much computing power as a society in an on-demand basis, as in the case of electricity.
• 4.
  History of CloudComputing • 1960, J.C.R dream that everyone on the earth to be connected with anyone and be able to access programs and data at any location from any place. • 1960, John McCarthy predicts that the computation being available as public service, as “Utility Computing”, where large business units like IBM can offer meter service for the business, similar to telephone companies operate for their consumers. • 1964, an article in Atlantic Monthly published by Martin Greenberger, view the future of world where computers would become super powerful worldwide and companies will be operating through wires all over the place in due course of time. • In 21st century the computing model has transformed where computing services will be available on demand like water, electricity, telephone and gas etc available in today’s society.
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  History of CloudComputing  In late 1990, Sun Microsystems introduce the concept called “Network is the Computer”.  With rise of internet in mid 1990s, changed the usage of computer and information distribution.  With the idea of utility computing, Amazon began to establish and control server farms, to offer apps to their buyers.
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  History of CloudComputing • In such model, users access services based on their requirements without regard to where the services are hosted. This model has been referred to as utility computing(since 2007) as cloud computing. • Cloud computing allows businesses as well as users to access applications as services from anywhere in the world on demand. • Cloud computing has turned IT services into Utilities . Such a delivery model is made possible by the effective composition of several technologies, which have reached the appropriate maturity level. • Web 2.0 technologies has played a vital role in transforming the Internet into a rich application and service delivery platform.
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  Example • 21st Feb2011, Sometime in ICC Cricket World Cup, India Furious cricket fans slammed organizers of the World Cup on Monday as the official ticketing website crashed amid a scramble for 1,000 tickets available for the final. (Source: Times of India [Magazine]) • The manager of ICC posted a message in his Facebook fan page: We are facing absolutely unprecedented amounts of traffic from all over the world with hundreds of millions of people hitting at once. Some of you may have trouble accessing the site. It seems that cricket fever has surpassed all anticipations and expectations. Please bear with us as our global network team works on bringing you the tickets you all have been waiting for. (Source: Kyazoonga FB page)
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  Example • Each daybetween 8:00 AM and 9:00 AM, Since when? Till Date, Online Ticket Booking: IRCTC, India The bookings and enquiry requests are 6–7 times higher during the peak hours than the rest of the day. So while the existing infrastructure is well equipped to handle the daylong traffic, it is the peak hour traffic that clogs servers. (Source:http://www.techno-pulse.com/2011/01/what-irctc-learn- redbus-cloud-iaas.html)
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  Example • In May2009, India The world’s largest democracy, 1 billion+ people, goes for its general election. The Election Commission unveiled a new website for publishing results in real time. It showed off preparations, which indicated it was well arranged to handle 80.64 billion hits in eight hours (2,800 hits/second), clearly a decent number by any standard. Media reported on the election result day: 300,000 hits/second make Election Commission website crash. (Source: Times of India [Magazine])
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  Example • Server crasheswere reported across India when the online CAT examination was conducted by the esteemed IIMs (Indian Institute of Management) in 2009; although they were smartly attributed to a virus and not to the number of hits. It points to the fact that the cloud service without security aspect could also be powerless.
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  Reason for ServerCrashes/Failure • Increasing in the numbers of Internet users on daily basis.
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  Prevent Server Crashes/Failures ●Add additional servers to balance the load ● In view of these facts, it will help us to make a sensible guess o Facebook has 30,000 servers and is increasing its capacity on a daily basis o An unofficial estimate predicts Google Servers to be unbelievable in numbers, with 1 million servers across the world wide at present ● If the organization are economically sound to add servers, before doing so, they have to check the following  - The Red Cross may get that kind of traffic once in a decade.  - The website of the Indian Election Commission attracts visitors during elections, i.e, preferably once in 5 years ● Thus, the majorities of the traffic are predictable and can be easily planned. 
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  Scenario of CloudComputing  Dynamism – Your infrastructure should support your changing needs  Abstraction – The business/consumer should focus his attention more on its core competency rather than distressing himself over secondary resources such as the OS or the software.  Resource Sharing – Elastic architecture, where the resources will grow without any major configuration modifications.
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  Basic Components ofCloud Computing
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  Basic Components ofCloud computing 1. World Wide Connectivity – Users should have near-ubiquitous access to the Internet 2. Open access – Users should have fair, open minded access to the Internet 3. Reliability – The cloud’s performance should equal to or better recent standalone systems 4. Interoperability and user choice – Users must be able to progress among different clouds
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  Basic Components ofCloud computing 5. Security – It should ensure that data of users are safe 6. Privacy – User’s right must be clearly defined and allow access based on rights 7. Economic Value – The cloud must provide substantial savings and benefits 8. Sustainability – The cloud must increase power effectiveness and reduce environment impact
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  Characteristics of CloudComputing • Dynamic Computing Infrastructure • IT Service-Centric Approach • Self-service Based Usage Model • Minimally or Self-managed Platform • Consumption-based Billing
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  Dynamic Computing Infrastructure -It is needed for cloud computing - The basis of a dynamic infrastructure is standardized, scalable and secure physical infrastructure - There should be various redundancies to ensure high levels of availability, but mostly it must be easy to enlarge as the demand increases, without requiring architecture restructure. - Virtualization environment uses server virtualization to run the services, these services needs to be easily provisioned and de- provisioned via software automation.
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  Dynamic Computing Infrastructure -We can be switched over from one physical server to another as capacity demands increase or decrease. - Virtualized environment uses server virtualization to run the services, these services need to be easily provisioned and de- provisioned via software automation. - These service workloads have to be switched over from one physical server to another as capacity demands increase or decrease.
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  IT Service Centricapproach - Cloud Computing is service-centric business. - Users of the cloud usually want to run some business service or application for an exact timely purpose. - Users would prefer to rapidly and easily access a devoted application or service.
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  Self-service Based UsageModel - Interaction with the cloud needs some level of user self-service. - Self-service creates the chance to the users to upload, build, deploy, schedule, manage and report on their business services on-demand basis. - It provides easy-to-use, intuitive user interfaces that help the users to effectively manage the service- delivery life cycle.
• 22.
   What CloudComputing Really is ? And  What Cloud Computing Really isn’t ?
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  Minimally or self-managedPlatform - Best-of-breed clouds make self management through software automation, leveraging the following capabilities. - A provisioning engine where the services are deployed should have high levels of reuse. - Mechanisms for scheduling the resources and reserving resource capacity. - Capabilities for configuring, organizing and reporting to make sure resources are allocated and reallocated to several groups of users. - Tools must be available for controlling access to resources and policies for resources to be utilized or operations to be performed.