PHP File Handling

Chapter 3 File Handling 6/17/2023 1

Contents • Files and Directories • Write to Files • Read from Files • Create Directories • Upload Files • Rename and Delete Files and Directories 6/17/2023 2

PHP File Handling • File handling is an important part of any web application. • You often need to open and process a file for different tasks. • PHP has several functions for creating, reading, and editing files. • The files can be .doc file, .txt file, .xml file any kind of file supports all php function for manipulate files. 6/17/2023 3

PHP File Open and Read • how to open file , read file and close file using file handling functions: 1. fopen() – open file 2. fread() – read file 3. fclose() – close file 6/17/2023 4

PHP Create File - fopen() • The fopen() function is used to create a file.. • If you use fopen() on a file that does not exist, it will create it. • The example below creates a new file called "testfile.txt". • The file will be created in the same directory where the PHP code resides: $myfile = fopen("testfile.txt", "w"); 6/17/2023 5

File functions The use of functions touch() used to create a file. unlink() used to delete a file. copy() used to copy a file. rename() used to rename a file. file_exists() used to check whether the file exists or not. filesize() used to check size of file. realpath() used to check real path of file. fopen() used to open existing file. fread() used to reads from an pen file. fwrite() used to write to file. fclose() used to close an open file. fgets() used to read a single line from a file. fgetc() used to read a single character from a file. feof() used to check ‘end of file’. 6/17/2023 6

PHP fopen() function • PHP fopen() function used to open a file. If file does not exist then fopen() function will create a new file. • The fopen() function must use with mode character like ‘w’, ‘a’ ,’r’ etc. <?php fopen(“filename with extension”, “mode char”); ?> 6/17/2023 7

Example - fopen() <?php //open text file fopen("abc.txt","w"); //open ms word .doc file fopen("abc.doc","w"); //open pdf file fopen('abc.pdf',"w"); ?> 6/17/2023 9

PHP Read File - fread() • The fread() function reads from an open file. • The first parameter of fread() contains the name of the file to read from and the second parameter specifies the maximum number of bytes to read. • fread($myfile,filesize("webdictionary.txt")); 6/17/2023 10

Example • <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <?php $myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open file!"); echo fread($myfile,filesize("webdictionary.txt")); fclose($myfile); ?> </body> </html> 6/17/2023 11

PHP close file – fclose() • The fclose() function is used to close an open file. • PHP fclose() syntax <?php fclose(“filename”); ?> 6/17/2023 12

PHP File Create and Write • how to create a file and how to write to a file on the server. • Create a File – touch() , • Create a File, if does not exist – fopen() • Write to a File – fwrite() 6/17/2023 13

touch() and fopen() <?php //create text file touch("abc.txt"); //create ms word .doc file touch("abc.doc"); //create pdf file touch('abc.pdf'); ?> <?php //create text file fopen("abc.txt","w"); //create word .doc file fopen("abc.doc","w"); //create pdf file fopen('abc.pdf',"w"); ?> 6/17/2023 14

PHP Write to File - fwrite() • The fwrite() function is used to write to a file. • The first parameter of fwrite() contains the name of the file to write to and the second parameter is the string to be written. • The example below writes a couple of names into a new file called "newfile.txt": 6/17/2023 15

<?php $myfile = fopen("newfile.txt", "w") or die("Unable to open file!"); $txt = "John Doen"; fwrite($myfile, $txt); $txt = "Jane Doen"; fwrite($myfile, $txt); fclose($myfile); ?> 6/17/2023 16

• <?php //open file abc.txt $myfile = fopen("abc.txt", "w"); $text = "Meera Academy"; fwrite($myfile, $text); fclose($myfile); ?> 6/17/2023 17

PHP form example of fwrite() <html> <body> <FORM method="POST"> Enter String : <input type="text" name="name"> <br/> <br/> <input type="submit" name="Submit1" value="Write File"> </FORM> 6/17/2023 18

Cont… <?php if(isset($_POST['Submit1'])) { //open file abc.txt in append mode $myfile = fopen("abc.txt", "a"); $text = $_POST["name"]; fwrite($myfile, $text); fclose($myfile); } ?> </body> </html> 6/17/2023 19

PHP Close File - fclose() • The fclose() function is used to close an open file. • It's a good programming practice to close all files after you have finished with them. • The fclose() requires the name of the file (or a variable that holds the filename) we want to close: 6/17/2023 20

<?php $myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r"); // some code to be executed.... fclose($myfile); ?> 6/17/2023 21

PHP Check End-Of-File - feof() • The feof() function checks if the "end-of-file" (EOF) has been reached. • The example below reads the "webdictionary.txt" file line by line, until end-of-file is reached: <?php $file = fopen("abc.txt", "r"); while(! feof($file)) { echo fgets($file). "<br>"; } fclose($file); ?> 6/17/2023 22

PHP Read Single Character - fgetc() • The fgetc() function is used to read a single character from a file. <?php $myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open file!"); // Output one character until end-of-file while(!feof($myfile)) { echo fgetc($myfile); } fclose($myfile); ?> 6/17/2023 23

PHP copy() Function • The copy() function copies a file. • Note: If the to_file file already exists, it will be overwritten. • Syntax copy(from_file, to_file, context) <?php Echo copy("webdictionary.doc","studMark.doc"); ?> 6/17/2023 24

unlink() Function • Delete a file: <?php unlink("stud.doc"); ?> 6/17/2023 25

PHP file_exists() Function • The file_exists() function checks whether a file or directory exists. Syntax file_exists(path) • Check whether a file exists: <?php echo file_exists(“stud1.txt"); ?> 6/17/2023 26

filesize() Function • The filesize() function returns the size of a file. • Return the file size for "test.txt": <?php echo filesize("test.txt"); ?> 6/17/2023 27

PHP File Inclusion • PHP has two function which can used to include one PHP file into another PHP file before the server executes it. 1. The include() function 2. The require() function • For the designing purpose in web forms the same header, footer or menu displayed on all web pages of website. 6/17/2023 28

• Programmer has to design same menu on multiple pages, if changes required in future it will very complicated to open all pages then make change on all pages. • for resolving this problem we use include and require function in php. • Just design menu or header in one php page and display same menu on multiple pages using include function. • if changes required on menu.php page, it will make effect on all other pages automatically. 6/17/2023 29

The include() function • The include function copy all text of one PHP file into another PHP file that used the include statement. • The include function used when we use same menu or header on multiple pages of a website. • PHP include() syntax: include ‘ filename’; 6/17/2023 30

Example1 <html> <body> <h1>Welcome to my home page!</h1> <p>Some text.</p> <p>Some more text.</p> <?php include 'footer.php';?> </body> </html> <?php echo "<p>Copyright © 1999-" . date("Y") . " Infolink.com</p>"; ?> footer.php 6/17/2023 31

Example2 <?php echo '<a href="/default.asp">Home</a> - <a href="/html/default.asp">HTML Tutorial</a> - <a href="/css/default.asp">CSS Tutorial</a> - <a href="/js/default.asp">JavaScript Tutorial</a> - <a href="default.asp">PHP Tutorial</a>'; ?> <html> <body> <div class="menu"> <?php include 'menu.php';?> </div> <h1>Welcome to my home page!</h1> <p>Some text.</p> <p>Some more text.</p> </body> </html> Assume we have a standard menu file called "menu.php": 6/17/2023 32

Example3 <?php $color='red'; $car='BMW'; ?> <html> <body> <h1>Welcome to my home page!</h1> <?php include 'vars.php'; echo "I have a $color $car."; ?> </body> </html> Assume we have a file called "vars.php", with some variables defined: Then, if we include the "vars.php" file, the variables can be used in the calling file: 6/17/2023 33

PHP include Example • We have a same header for all website pages so create “header.php” file like: <?php echo "<h1> Welcomme Meera Academy </h1>"; ?> <html> <body> <?php include 'header.php'; ?> <p>The first page of site</p> </body> </html> 6/17/2023 34

Example-2 Menu.php <?php echo '<ul><li><a href="home.com">HOME</a></li> <li><a href="php.com">PHP</a></li> <li><a href="asp.com">ASP.NET</a></li> <li><a href="project.com">PROJECTS</a></li></ul>'; ?> 6/17/2023 35

<html> <head> <title>PHP include Example</title> </head> <body> <?php include 'menu.php'; ?> <p>The first page of site</p> </body> </html> 6/17/2023 36

The PHP require() Function • The require() function copy all the text from one php file into another php file that uses the require() function. • In require() function there is a problem with file then the require() function generate fatal error and stop execution of code. • while the include() function will continue to execute script. • The require() function is better than the include() function, because scripts not to be continue if file has problem or missing. 6/17/2023 37

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