Ch3(working with file)

include() • The include() statement enables you to incorporate files into your PHP documents – <?php include("11.php"); ?> – <?php $addResult = include("a.php"); print "The include file returned $addResult"; ?> – a.php <?php $retval = ( 4 + 4 ); return $retval; ?> – EX: <?php for ( $x=1; $x<=3; $x++ ) { $incfile = "file".$x.".txt"; include( "$incfile" ); } ?>

require_once()/ include_once • EX: <?php for ( $x=1; $x<=3; $x++ ) { $incfile = "file".$x.".txt"; include_once( "$incfile" );// require_once( "$incfile" ); } for ( $x=1; $x<=3; $x++ ) { $incfile = "file".$x.".txt"; include_once( "$incfile" ); } ?>

Testing Files • You can test for the existence of a file with the file_exists() function, return true and false. EX: <?php if ( file_exists ("12.php") ) { print "The file exists!";} else { print "Not found file";} ?> • You can confirm that the entity you are testing is a file, as opposed to a directory, with the is_file() function EX: <?php if ( is_file( "file1.txt" ) ) { print "test.txt is a file!"; } ?>

EX: is directory te? <?php if ( is_dir( "a" ) ) { print "a is a directory"; } else { print "a is not directory te!"; } ?> EX: Checking the Status of a File if ( is_readable( "test.txt" ) ) { print "test.txt is readable"; } if ( is_writable( "test.txt" ) ) { print "test.txt is writable"; } if ( is_executable( "test.txt" ) ){ print "test.txt is executable"; } print "The size of test.txt is. "; print filesize( "test.txt" ); EX: $atime = fileatime( "test.txt" ); print "test.txt was last accessed on "; print date("D d M Y g:i A", $atime); // Sample output: Tue 19 Aug 2003 4:26 PM EX: $mtime = filemtime( "test.txt" ); print "test.txt was last modified on "; print date("D d M Y g:i A", $mtime); // Sample output: Tue 19 Aug 2003 4:26 PM EX: <?php $ctime = filectime( "file1.txt" );print "test.txt was last changed on ";print date("D d M Y g:i A", $ctime);?>

Creating and Deleting Files • touch("myfile.txt"); //create file • unlink("myfile.txt"); //remove file The most common modes are read ('r'), write ('w'), and append ('a'). fopen() returns a file resource you will later use to work with the open file. • $fp = fopen( "test.txt", 'r' ); • $fp = fopen( "test.txt", 'w' ); • $fp = fopen( "test.txt", 'a' ); • if ( $fp = fopen( "test.txt", "w" ) ) { // do something with $fp } • ( $fp = fopen( "test.txt", "w" ) ) or die ("Couldn't open file, sorry"); • fclose( $fp ); If you are writing a binary file on a Windows system, you should add a 'b' flag to your fopen() mode argument. • $fp = fopen( "binary_file", "wb" ); and read them like this: • $fp = fopen( "binary_file", "rb" );

Reading from Files Reading Lines from a File with fgets() and feof() •feof($line = fgets( $fp, 1024 ); // where $fp is the file resource returned by fopen() •$fp ); // where $fp is the file resource returned by fopen()

Reading Arbitrary Amounts of Data from a File with fread() •Rather than reading text by the line, you can choose to read a file in arbitrarily defined chunks. •EX: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Listing 11.10 Reading a File with fread()</title> </head> <body> <div> <?php $filename = "test.txt"; $fp = fopen( $filename, "r" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename"); while ( ! feof( $fp ) ) { $chunk = fread( $fp,1 ); print "$chunk<br/>"; } ?> </div> </body> </html>

Moving Around a File with fseek() •EX: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title> Listing 11.11 Moving Around a File with fseek()</title> </head> <body> <div> <?php $filename = "test.txt"; $fp = fopen( $filename, "r" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename"); $fsize = filesize($filename); $halfway = (int)( $fsize / 2 ); print "Halfway point: $halfway <br/>n"; fseek( $fp, $halfway ); $chunk = fread( $fp, ($fsize - $halfway) ); print $chunk; ?> </div> </body> </html>

Reading Characters with fgetc() •fgetc() is similar to fgets() except that it returns only a single character from a file every time it is called. •fgetc() doesn't require a length argument. •$char = fgetc( $fp ); •EX: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Listing 11.12 Reading Characters with fgetc()</title> </head> <body> <div> <?php $filename = "test.txt"; $fp = fopen( $filename, "r" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename"); while ( ! feof( $fp ) ) { $char = fgetc( $fp ); print "$char<br/>"; } ?> </div> </body></html>

Reading the Contents of a File with file_get_contents() •EX: <?php $contents = file_get_contents( "test.txt" ); print $contents; ?> •EX: <?php $file_array = file( "test.txt" ); $contents = implode( $file_array ); print $contents; ?>

Writing or Appending to a File • Writing to a File with fwrite() or fputs() • $fp = fopen( "test.txt", "w" );//write to a file • $fp = fopen( "test.txt", "a" ); //file already exists, any prior content is destroyed and replaced by the data you write. • EX: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1- strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Listing 11.13 Writing and Appending to a File</title> </head> <body> <div> <?php $filename = "test2.txt"; print "Writing to $filename<br/>"; $fp = fopen( $filename, "w" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename"); fwrite( $fp, "Hello worldn" ); fclose( $fp ); print "Appending to $filename<br/>"; $fp = fopen( $filename, "a" ) or die("Couldn't open $filename"); fputs( $fp, "And another thingn" ); fclose( $fp ); ?> </div> </body> </html>

•Writing Data to a File with file_put_contents() •file_put_contents( "test2.txt", "Hello worldn" ); •file_put_contents( "test2.txt", "And another thingn", FILE_APPEND ); •Locking Files with flock() •EX: $fp = fopen( "test.txt", "a" ) or die("couldn't open"); flock( $fp, LOCK_EX ); // exclusive lock // write to the file flock( $fp, LOCK_UN ); // release the lock fclose( $fp );

Ch3(working with file)

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