Uploaded byJyoti Yadav
Part 1: Introduction to Blockchain Fundamentals
Introduction to Blockchain Fundamentals
Part 1: Introduction to Blockchain Fundamentals
- 1. BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY Harness thepower of the most disruptive technology since the internet through real life examples! Dr. Jyoti Yadav Department of Computer Science Savitribai Phule Pune University 1
- 2. Plan of Attack Historyof Blockchain Applications of Blockchain Client Server Vs Peer to Peer Systems Centralized Vs Decentralized Vs Distributed Centralized Databases Vs Blockchain What is Blockchain? Understanding SHA256 Hash Immutable Ledger Distributed P2P Network How Mining Works? (The Nonce, Cryptographic Puzzle) Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus Protocol (Defense Against Attackers, Competing Chains)
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- 4. 9 Verticals ofBlockchain Transformation Technology Entertainment Media Law & Crime Transportation Government Services Contracts Finance Human Rights & Contributions
- 5. Blockchain – FoundationalConcepts The Blockchain will do to the Financial System What the Internet did to the Media Harvard Business Review
- 6. Client Server SystemVs Peer to Peer System 6
- 7. Centralized Vs DecentralizedVs Distributed N/W- An Overview
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- 14. What are theContents of a Block?
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- 17. Understanding SHA256 Hash Fingerprintis an identifier of a person
- 18. Understanding SHA256 Hash Fingerprintis an identifier of a person
- 19. Identifying Digital Documents Adigital document can be anything from a video, audio, txt file, exe file or an entire OS
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- 25. What are thecontents of a Block? 25
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- 28. Understanding SHA256 Hash 28 Fingerprintis an identifier of a person •https://tools.superdatascience.com/blockchain/hash/ •https://tools.superdatascience.com/blockchain/public-private-keys/signatures
- 29. Identifying Digital Documents 29 Adigital document can be anything from a video, audio, txt file, exe file or an entire OS
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- 31. 5 Requirements ofa HASH 31
- 32. 5 Requirements ofa HASH 32
- 33. 5 Requirements ofa HASH 33
- 34. 5 Requirements ofa HASH 34
- 35. 5 Requirements ofa HASH 35
- 36. In case thecollisions are forged 36
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- 45. A Block beingadded at every peer 45
- 46. If a Blockis hacked at some peer 46
- 47. The subsequent blockstoo are changed 47
- 48. The other peersin the network notify the hacked peer about its blockchain being different from theirs. 48
- 49. After getting consensusfrom majority of the peers the hacked peer updates its blockchain 49
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- 51. How Mining Works? Block:#3 Data: X Y 100 Rs X Amazon 1000 Rs Y Z 900 Rs Prev. Hash : 67SFJK9SJF Hash: 78SD7FSDSD09
- 52. Is it soeasy to generate the HASH?
- 53. Nonce Block: #3 Data: X Y 100 Rs X Amazon 1000 Rs Y Z 900 Rs Prev. Hash : 67SFJK9SJF Hash: 78SD7FSDSD09 Nonce:
- 54. What controls/dictates theHASH? Data: X Y 100 Rs X Amazon 1000 Rs Y Z 900 Rs
- 55. Changing Nonce changesthe hash Data: X Y 100 Rs X Amazon 1000 Rs Y Z 900 Rs
- 56. Changing Nonce changesthe Hash Data: X Y 100 Rs X Amazon 1000 Rs Y Z 900 Rs
- 57. Changing Nonce changesthe hash dramatically demonstrating Avalanche Effect Data: X Y 100 Rs X Amazon 1000 Rs Y Z 900 Rs
- 58. A Hash isa number !!! Decimal Equivalent Lowest hash value will contain all 0’s and highest hash value will contain all F’s
- 59. A Pool ofHASHES
- 60. A Pool ofHASHES
- 61. The blockchainalgorithm will set a target for the miners to accomplish a certain hash. Any hash above the target does not count. The target is set just to make it difficult for the miners or create a hurdle for them. If a miner finds a hash above the target for the block, the block won’t be created.
- 63. Except Nonce nothingin the block can be changed Data: X Y 100 Rs X Amazon 1000 Rs Y Z 900 Rs
- 64. How Mining Works? Data: X Y 100 Rs X Amazon 1000 Rs Y Z 900 Rs
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- 69. The Miners Win…asthey find a hash within the target and the nonce is called the GOLDEN NONCE. The miners can then add the block to the blockchain. The miners also get a reward. The nonce are located randomly in the Hash Pool and are unpredictable.
- 70. 70 The concept offinding the correct HASH is called the CRYPTOGRAPHIC PUZZLE.
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- 73. One General isa Commander and one could be a traitor. The traitor is unknown and tries to add hurdles in their way so that consensus is not achieved.
- 74. A Pool ofHASHES
- 75. Traitor Highlighted…The Commandercan also be a traitor
- 76. The commander issuesorder to ATTACK
- 77. But the Traitorsends a message that the Commander told him to RETREAT
- 78. The other 2generals say what the commander orders them
- 79. If the commanderis a traitor, will the algorithm still work?
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- 81. This is ByzantineFault Tolerance Applications: Blockchain Airplanes Nuclear Power Plants Rockets
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- 83. Consensus Protocol :Defense Against Attackers 83
- 84. Attacker tries toattach a block at the end of the chain 84
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- 86. Simultaneously blocks gettingadded at different peers 86
- 87. Types of ConsensusProtocols 87
- 88. Cracking Hash byguessing the Nonce 88
- 89. The miners arerewarded by the network / blockchain for successfully adding the block 89
- 90. Miners also getfees that are associated with the transactions in the block which is a monitory incentive 90
- 91. How will thenetwork know that a malicious block is being added 91
- 92. Some of thechecks.. 92
- 93. There is differencebetween mining and verifying things 93
- 94. How to resolveconflicts in the chain? 94
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- 96. Conflicting messages: Useconsensus protocol 96
- 97. One more blockadded by the node gets added to all other nodes too 97
- 98. Cracking Hash byguessing the Nonce 98
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- 100. Blocks added andconsensus achieved 100
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- 103. Before Mining theblock (pink color) 103
- 104. After Mining (Greencolor) 104
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- 106. Before Mining theblocks 106
- 107. Distributed Blockchain withPeer A and Peer B 107
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