moThese platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications Programming Interface).

moThese platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications Programming Interface).

• 1.
  Cloud‐Enabling Technology 1
• 2.
  Enabling technologies 1. Broadbandnetworks and internet architecture 2. Data center technology 3. Virtualization technology 4. Web technology 5. Multitenant technology 2
• 3.
  1. Broadband networks& Internet architecture • All clouds must be connected to a network • Internet’s largest backbone networks, established and deployed by ISPs, are interconnected by core routers  ISP: internet service provider 3
• 4.
  Internet connecting providerand consumer 4
• 5.
  Two fundamental components •Connectionless packet switching  End‐to‐end (sender‐receiver pair) data flows are divided into packets of a limited size  Packets are processed through network switches and routers, then queued and forwarded from one intermediary node to the next • Router‐based interconnectivity  A router is a device that is connected to multiple networks through which it forwards packets  Each packet is individually processed  Use multiple alternative network routes 5
• 6.
  Packets travelling throughInternet 6
• 7.
  Internet reference model 7
• 8.
  2. Data CenterTechnology • A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems  Virtualization  Standardization and Modularity  Automation  Remote Operation and Management 8
• 9.
  Virtualization 9
• 10.
  Standardization and Modularity •Data centers are built upon standardized commodity hardware and designed with modular architecture. 10
• 11.
  Supercomputer vs. datacenter • Handouts 11
• 12.
  3. Virtualization technology •Virtualization is a process of converting a physical IT resource into a virtual IT resource  Server  Virtual server ↔ virtual machine  Storage  Network  Power 12
• 13.
  Creating a newvirtual server • Allocation of physical IT resources • Installation of an operating system, i.e., guest operating system 13
• 14.
  Hardware based virtualization •Reduce the overhead • May introduce compatibility issue 14
• 15.
  4. Web technology •Cloud computing relies on internet. • Web technology is generally used as both the implementation medium and the management interface for cloud services 15
• 16.
  Basic web technology •Uniform resource locator (URL)  Commonly informally referred to as a web address  a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it  Example: http://www.example.com/index.html • Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)  Primary communication protocol used to exchange content • Markup languages (HTML, XML)  Express Web‐centric data and metadata 16
• 17.
  Web applications • Applicationsrunning in a web browser  Rely on web browsers for the presentation of user‐ interfaces 17
• 18.
  5. Multitenant technology •Enable multiple users (tenants) to access the same application simultaneously • Multitenant applications ensure that tenants do not have access to data and configuration information that is not their own 18
• 19.
  A simple example 19