Basics of Python Programming in one PDF File.pdf

Python ▪a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more effectively (Python Software Foundation) ▪created by Guido van Rossum (1990) ▪named after the popular British comedy troupe Monty Python’s Flying Circus ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova

Why Python? ▪works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc.) ▪has a simple syntax ▪runs on an interpreter system ▪can be treated in a procedural way, an object- oriented way or a functional way ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova

Why Python? ▪has extremely rich libraries ▪has extensive online documentation ▪has multiple programming communities ▪has diverse applications: ✓ web development (server-side) ✓ software development ✓ mathematics ✓ system scripting ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova

Python Input/Output Functions print() ▪used to generate an output at the console ▪Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova print("Hello, Class!") print(1)

Python Input/Output Functions input() ▪used to read a line of input entered by the user at the console and returns it as a string ▪Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova num = input("Enter number:") print(num)

Python Syntax ▪indentation • refers to the spaces at the beginning of a code line • very important in Python since it indicates a block of code ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova if 2 > 1: print("Two is greater than one.") if 2 > 1: print("Two is greater than one.")

Python Syntax ▪indentation • number of spaces is up to you as a programmer • the most common use is four, but it has to be at least one ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova if 2 > 1: print("Two is greater than one.") if 2 > 1: print("Two is greater than one.")

Python Syntax ▪indentation • the same number of spaces should be used in the same block of code ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova if 2 > 1: print("Two is greater than one!") print("Two is greater than one!") if 2 > 1: print("Two is greater than one!") print("Two is greater than one!")

Python Comments ▪start with a # ▪make code readable ▪completely ignored by the interpreter ▪Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova #This is a comment. print("Hello, Class!") print("Hello, Class!") #This is a comment.

Python Comments ▪Multiline Comments ▪Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova #Comment1 #Comment2 #Comment3 print("Hello, Class!") """Comment1 Comment2 Comment3""" print("Hello, Class!") Multiline String can also be used • since Python will ignore string literals that are not assigned to a variable

Python Variables ▪containers for storing data values ▪Python has no command for declaring a variable ▪a variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova x = 1 y = "Hello" print(x) print(y) assignment operator: = a, b, c = 9, 2.5, 'Hello' print(a) print(b) print(c) num1 = num2 = 20 print(num1) print(num2)

Python Variables Rules for naming variables ▪must start with a letter or the underscore character ▪cannot start with a number ▪can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A- z, 0-9, and _ ) ▪are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables) ▪cannot be any of the Python keywords ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova

Python Variables ▪do not need to be declared with any particular type, and can even change type after they have been set ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova x = 1 # x is of type int x = "Hello" # x is now of type str print(x)

Python Variables ▪Casting ▪ done to specify type of variable ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova x = str(1) # x will be '1' y = int(1) # y will be 1 z = float(1) # z will be 1.0 ▪type() function ▪ returns the data type of a variable ▪ Ex: x = 1 y = "Hello" print(type(x)) print(type(y))

Python Variables output variables ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova x = "A good day" print(x) x = "A" y = "good" z = "day" print(x, y, z) x = "A" y = "good" z = "day" print(x+y+z) x = 2 y = 9 print(x+y) x = 2 y = "good" print(x+y) x = 2 y = "good" print(x,y)

Python Variables Global variables ▪created outside of a function ▪can be used inside and outside of functions ▪Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova x = "hi" def myfunc(): print("Python is " + x) myfunc() x = "hi" def myfunc(): x = "hello" print("Python is " + x) myfunc() print("Python is " + x)

Python Data Types Built-in DataTypes ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova Type TextType: str NumericTypes: int, float, complex SequenceTypes: list, tuple, range MappingType: dict SetTypes: set, frozenset BooleanType: bool BinaryTypes: bytes, bytearray, memoryview NoneType: NoneType

Python Data Types Python Numbers ▪integer (int), floating point number (float), complex ✓ int – whole number (positive/negative) ✓ float – contains decimal (positive/negative); can also be scientific numbers with an “e” to indicate power of 10 ✓ complex – written with a “j” as the imaginary part ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova

Python Data Types Python Numbers ▪integer (int), floating point number (float), complex ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova x = 1 # int y1 = 2.9 # float y2 = 3e4 # float z = 5j # complex print(type(x)) print(type(y1)) print(type(y2)) print(type(z)) to verify the data type:

Python Data Types Python Strings ▪Strings – enclosed by "" or '' ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova x = "Hello" # string y = 'Hello' # string x = """Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more effectively.""" print(x) Multiline String • enclosed with three (3) double or single quotes

Python Data Types Python Booleans ▪True or False ▪usually used in evaluating expressions ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova print(3>2) print(3<2) print(3==2)

Python Data Types Python Booleans ▪bool() function ▪ evaluates any value to true or false ▪if a value has content, it is evaluated to true (i.e. any string is true except empty string, any number is true except 0, etc.) ▪empty values, such as (),[],{},"",0,and None, evaluate to false ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova bool("a") #true bool("1") #true bool('') #false bool(None) #false

Python Data Types Lists ▪used to store multiple items in a single variable ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova colorList = ["red", "blue", "yellow", "green"] print(colorList) ✓Items in a list are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values ✓They are indexed (1st item has index [0], the 2nd item has index [1], and so on) enclosed with brackets

Python Data Types Lists ▪can be of any data type ▪can contain different data types ▪defined as objects with the data type 'list' ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova list1 = ["red", "blue", "yellow"] list2 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] list3 = [False, True, False] list1 = ["Peter", 30, "male", True, "Mary", 29, "female"]

Python Data Types Lists ▪len() function ▪ determines the number of items in a list ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova colorList = ["red", "blue", "yellow", "green"] print(len(colorList))

Python Data Types Lists ▪list() Constructor ▪ can also be used to create a new list ▪ Ex: ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova colorList = list(("red", "blue", "yellow", "green")) print(len(colorList)) double parentheses

Python Data Types Python Collections (Arrays) ▪4collection data types: 1. List ▪ a collection which is ordered, changeable, and allows duplicate members 2. Tuple ▪ a collection which is ordered, unchangeable, and allows duplicate members. 3. Set ▪ a collection which is unordered, unchangeable (but you can add/remove items), and unindexed. No duplicate members. 4. Dictionary ▪ a collection which is ordered** and changeable. No duplicate members. ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova

Python Arithmetic Operators ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova Operator Name Example + Addition x+y - Subtraction x-y * Multiplication x*y / Division x/y % Modulus x%y ** Exponentiation x**y // Floor division x//y

Python Comparison Operators ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova Operator Name Example == Equal x == y != Not equal x != y > Greater than x > y < Less than x < y >= Greater than or equal to x >= y <= Less than or equal to x <= y

Python Logical Operators ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova Operator Name Example and returnsTrue if both statements are true x < 1 and x < 5 or returnsTrue if one of the statements is true x < 4 or x < 8 not reverse the result, returns False if the result is true not(x < 3 and x < 6)

Python Identity Operators ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova Operator Name Example is ReturnsTrue if both variables are the same object x is y is not ReturnsTrue if both variables are not the same object x is not y

Python Membership Operators ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova Operator Name Example in ReturnsTrue if a value is present in a sequence x in y not in ReturnsTrue if a value is not present in a sequence x not in y

Python Bitwise Operators ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova Operator Name Description Example & AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 x & y | OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 x | y ^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 x ^ y ~ NOT Inverts all the bits ~x << Zero fill left shift Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off x << 2 >> Signed right shift Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off x >> 2 & AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 x & y

Operator Precedence ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova Operator Name () Parentheses ** Exponentiation +x -x ~x Unary plus, unary minus, and bitwise NOT * / // % Multiplication, division, floor division, and modulus + - Addition and subtraction << >> Bitwise left and right shifts & Bitwise AND ^ Bitwise XOR | Bitwise OR ==, !=, >, >=, <, <=, is, is not, in, not in Comparisons, identity, and membership operators not Logical NOT and AND or OR If two operators have the same precedence, the expression is evaluated from left to right.

References: W3schools (PythonTutorial) Programiz ECE115.2: Object Oriented Programming for ECE Prepared by: Engr. Ria Marie P. Cordova

Basics of Python Programming in one PDF File.pdf

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