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![Patch wget -c https://github.com/engstk/l-preview/commit/8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch --2014-09-24 23:53:24-- https://github.com/engstk/l-preview/commit/8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch Resolving github.com (github.com)... 192.30.252.130 Connecting to github.com (github.com)|192.30.252.130|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/plain] Saving to: ’8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch’ [ = 2014-09-24 23:53:26 (59.6 KB/s) - ’8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch’saved [20146] najmi@quds:~/lekiu-lprev-kernel$ patch -Np1 -i 8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch patching file arch/arm/Kconfig Hunk #1 succeeded at 2213 (offset 1 line). patching file arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.S patching file arch/arm/configs/hammerhead_defconfig patching file arch/arm/include/asm/kexec.h patching file arch/arm/kernel/machine_kexec.c patching file arch/arm/kernel/relocate_kernel.S patching file arch/arm/mach-msm/include/mach/memory.h patching file arch/arm/mach-msm/lge/devices_lge.c patching file arch/arm/mach-msm/restart.c patching file include/linux/kexec.h patching file kernel/kexec.c Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 26/37](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mosc2014-najmi-140925021217-phpapp01/75/Android-Custom-Kernel-ROM-design-34-2048.jpg)
![git cherry pick najmi@quds:~/lekiu-lprev-kernel$ git fetch codeblue remote: Counting objects: 1073, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (422/422), done. remote: Total 1073 (delta 698), reused 974 (delta 649) Receiving objects: 100% (1073/1073), 1.09 MiB | 443.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (698/698), done. From https://github.com/engstk/l-preview + 3043028...647125f code_blue-l - codeblue/code_blue-l (forced update) + 59063dc...647125f code_blue-l-beta - codeblue/code_blue-l-beta (forced update) najmi@quds:~/lekiu-lprev-kernel$ git cherry-pick 8c203729fc [test cf6f160] Implement kexec-hardboot by. All work done by @Tasssadar Author: franciscofranco franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com 11 files changed, 350 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 27/37](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mosc2014-najmi-140925021217-phpapp01/75/Android-Custom-Kernel-ROM-design-35-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byMuhammad Najmi Ahmad Zabidi
Android Custom Kernel/ROM design
This document discusses Android custom kernel and ROM design. It provides information on the speaker's custom kernel projects for the Nexus 4 and Nexus 5 devices, including the features and modifications made. It also covers the process of developing a custom kernel, including cloning the source code, adding features via patching or cherry-picking, and compiling the kernel. The document briefly discusses custom ROMs and the process for syncing ROM sources.
Android Custom Kernel/ROM design
- 1. Android Custom Kernel/ROM design Muhammad Najmi Ahmad Zabidi IIUM MOSC 2014 Menara SSM Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 24-25 September 2014 Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 1/37
- 2. About Iam a research grad student in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia My current employer is International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Research area - malware detection, narrowing on Windows executables Doing things on Android kernel and ROM due to some stories... Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 2/37
- 3. A bit aboutAndroid Android is a mobile operating system Using Linux kernel Components for kernel are C language Components for interface are mostly C++ and Java Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 3/37
- 4. Comparison between Androidkernel and ROM Kernel ROM GPL licensed Apache licensed Source code must be pub-lished Source code is not compul-sory to be published. Hence any modifications are not neccessarily going back to the public Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 4/37
- 5. Android structure MuhammadNajmi MOSC 2014 5/37
- 6. Custom Kernel MuhammadNajmi MOSC 2014 6/37
- 7. Android kernel vsLinux kernel Source: http: //eecatalog.com/embeddedlinux/2011/08/23/from-zero-to-boot-porting-android-to-your-arm-platform/ Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 7/37
- 8. My custom Androidkernels Some are based from AOSP (Android Open Source Project) kernels - original source are from Google’s git Some are based from CM (AOSP + Code Aurora Forum (CAF) commits) Some are based from other custom kernels which are based from two sources above Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 8/37
- 9. I developed mycustom kernels for two devices Nexus 4 (codename: Mako) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 9/37
- 10. I developed mycustom kernels for two devices Nexus 4 (codename: Mako) Nexus 5 (codename: Hammerhead) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 9/37
- 11. I developed mycustom kernels for two devices Nexus 4 (codename: Mako) Nexus 5 (codename: Hammerhead) After I sold my Mako :) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 9/37
- 12. Why use customkernel Customization,add-on features: Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 10/37
- 13. Why use customkernel Customization,add-on features: Sound patch (for e.g: Faux sound patch) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 10/37
- 14. Why use customkernel Customization,add-on features: Sound patch (for e.g: Faux sound patch) Allow DoubleTaptoWake(DT2W) or Sweep2Wake, Sweep2Sleep (S2W,S2S) features Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 10/37
- 15. Why use customkernel Customization,add-on features: Sound patch (for e.g: Faux sound patch) Allow DoubleTaptoWake(DT2W) or Sweep2Wake, Sweep2Sleep (S2W,S2S) features Allow many more CPU governors to be used Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 10/37
- 16. Why use customkernel Customization,add-on features: Sound patch (for e.g: Faux sound patch) Allow DoubleTaptoWake(DT2W) or Sweep2Wake, Sweep2Sleep (S2W,S2S) features Allow many more CPU governors to be used Allow under/overvolting Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 10/37
- 17. Why use customkernel Customization,add-on features: Sound patch (for e.g: Faux sound patch) Allow DoubleTaptoWake(DT2W) or Sweep2Wake, Sweep2Sleep (S2W,S2S) features Allow many more CPU governors to be used Allow under/overvolting Allow number of online/offline CPUs using many methods Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 10/37
- 18. Why use customkernel Customization,add-on features: Sound patch (for e.g: Faux sound patch) Allow DoubleTaptoWake(DT2W) or Sweep2Wake, Sweep2Sleep (S2W,S2S) features Allow many more CPU governors to be used Allow under/overvolting Allow number of online/offline CPUs using many methods Allow many more TCP congestion methods Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 10/37
- 19. Skillsets for kernelmodifying/developing Git knowledge Knows at least how to clone, pull, push Then reading git log.. (i’m using --pretty option) Creating branch, reset to certain checkpoint/offset.. resetting everything (git reset --hard) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 11/37
- 20. Git cloning thesource najmi@quds:~$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm -b android-msm-hammerhead-3.4-l-preview Cloning into ’msm’... remote: Sending approximately 953.94 MiB ... remote: Finding sources: 100% (3604873/3604873) Receiving objects: 0% (14589/3604873), 4.63 MiB | 656.00 KiB/s Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 12/37
- 21. najmi@quds:~/cempaka-kernel$ git log--pretty=format: ’%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr)%C(bold blue)%an%Creset’ --abbrev-commit ba22633 - (HEAD, origin/cempaka-stable, cempaka-stable) Cempaka v2.5 (11 days ago) Muhammad Najmi Ahmad Zabidi acaaeea - Merge branch ’ElementalX-1.00-cm’ of https://github.com/flar2/ElementalX-N5 into cempaka-stable (11 days ago) Muhammad Najmi Ahmad Zabidi 039a263 - (elementalx/ElementalX-1.00-cm) Merge branch ’ElementalX-1.00’ into ElementalX-1.00-cm (12 days ago) flar2 cb7e4f0 - (elementalx/ElementalX-1.00) update defconfig (12 days ago) flar2 753de48 - msm-sleeper: use ex_max_freq (12 days ago) flar2 c5cc9d2 - Merge branch ’ElementalX-1.00’ into ElementalX-1.00-cm (2 weeks ago) flar2 8438630 - vibrator: change permissions again (2 weeks ago) flar2 e51fa2d - Revert vibrator: change sysfs permissions (2 weeks ago) flar2 9949aff - Merge branch ’ElementalX-1.00’ into ElementalX-1.00-cm (3 weeks ago) flar2 cbee9fe - update defconfig (3 weeks ago) flar2 Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 13/37
- 22. Most of thedevelopers’ works are hosted on github Some use sourceforge’s git and bitbucket’s I prefer github because I am familiar with it Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 14/37
- 23. Android timeline, from4.x 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) 4.1 (Jelly Bean) 4.2 (Jelly Bean) 4.3 (Jelly Bean) 4.4 (KitKat) 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 (latest, as of now) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 15/37
- 24. My kernel projectsfor Nexus 4/Mako Kernel Sources Semaphore Kernel Hellscore Kernel Franco Kernel CM Bricked Kernel Ampang Kernel Pandan Kernel Zulfa Kernel Franco Gombak Kernel Aufa Kernel Seladang Kernel Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 16/37
- 25. My kernel projectsfor Nexus 5/Hammerhead Kernel Sources ElementalX CodeBlue Jerung Kernel Lekiu Kernel (for L preview) Cempaka Kernel Blue Kelisa Kernel Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 17/37
- 26. My Nexus 4/MakoKernel Features Kernel Tap2Wake and S2S/S2W Additional Governors Additional Sched-ulers Fast Charge Multiboot (kexec) Intelliplug Advanced MPD Aufa X X X X X X - Zulfa X X X X X X - Ampang X X X X X X - Franco X X X X X - - Gombak Seladang X X X X X - X Pandan X X X X X X - Table : Features of the custom kernels (at least from what I remember) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 18/37
- 27. My Nexus 5/HammerheadKernel Features Kernel Tap2Wake and S2S/S2W Additional Governors Additional Schedulers Fast Charge Multiboot (kexec) Intelliplug Advanced MPD Cempaka X X X X X X - Blue Kelisa X X X X X X - Jerung X X X X X X - Lekiu X X X X not yet - - Table : Features of the custom kernels (at least from what I remember) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 19/37
- 28. MultiROM capabilities Figure: List of ROMs Figure : MultiROM settings Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 20/37
- 29. Kernel configurations Figure: Using trickster to tune the kernel parameters, by sysfs interfacing Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 21/37
- 30. I/O scheduler selector Figure : Using trickster to select preferred I/O scheduler Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 22/37
- 31. CPU governors Figure: Using trickster to select preferred CPU governors Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 23/37
- 32. How to compileAndroid kernel? Use desktop PC (Mine is i3, 16GB RAM, Ubuntu 14.04 LTS) Only works on 64-bit Linux Use cross compiler.. GCC for ARM Cross compiling in this case means compiling ARM kernel image on x86 (x64) based machine Default kernel sources somehow cannot use latest (bleeding edge) GCC (as for now 4.10). Need some patches to allow that. Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 24/37
- 33. How to addfeatures Use ‘‘patch’’ command by downloading intended patch from other source manually Use ‘‘git cherry pick’’ command Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 25/37
- 34. Patch wget -chttps://github.com/engstk/l-preview/commit/8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch --2014-09-24 23:53:24-- https://github.com/engstk/l-preview/commit/8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch Resolving github.com (github.com)... 192.30.252.130 Connecting to github.com (github.com)|192.30.252.130|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/plain] Saving to: ’8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch’ [ = 2014-09-24 23:53:26 (59.6 KB/s) - ’8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch’saved [20146] najmi@quds:~/lekiu-lprev-kernel$ patch -Np1 -i 8c203729fc0d4479b790408de2ac464745cc7769.patch patching file arch/arm/Kconfig Hunk #1 succeeded at 2213 (offset 1 line). patching file arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.S patching file arch/arm/configs/hammerhead_defconfig patching file arch/arm/include/asm/kexec.h patching file arch/arm/kernel/machine_kexec.c patching file arch/arm/kernel/relocate_kernel.S patching file arch/arm/mach-msm/include/mach/memory.h patching file arch/arm/mach-msm/lge/devices_lge.c patching file arch/arm/mach-msm/restart.c patching file include/linux/kexec.h patching file kernel/kexec.c Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 26/37
- 35. git cherry pick najmi@quds:~/lekiu-lprev-kernel$ git fetch codeblue remote: Counting objects: 1073, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (422/422), done. remote: Total 1073 (delta 698), reused 974 (delta 649) Receiving objects: 100% (1073/1073), 1.09 MiB | 443.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (698/698), done. From https://github.com/engstk/l-preview + 3043028...647125f code_blue-l - codeblue/code_blue-l (forced update) + 59063dc...647125f code_blue-l-beta - codeblue/code_blue-l-beta (forced update) najmi@quds:~/lekiu-lprev-kernel$ git cherry-pick 8c203729fc [test cf6f160] Implement kexec-hardboot by. All work done by @Tasssadar Author: franciscofranco franciscofranco.1990@gmail.com 11 files changed, 350 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 27/37
- 36. Since kernel sourcesare GPL, if you publish your release, you MUST publish your source codes People can view your codes/modifications or borrow/use them anyway they want, and they need to publish them as well Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 28/37
- 37. Custom ROMs MuhammadNajmi MOSC 2014 29/37
- 38. Custom ROM Custom ROMs are either AOSP or CM AOSP and CM ROM source are out there, many creative people do modifications on these sources Popular custom ROMs with relatively awesome team members and support many devices CyanogenMod Carbon ROM Liquid Smooth Paranoid Android (PA) Mahdi ROM AOKP Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 30/37
- 39. Sources and modificationsare updated in gerrits Cherry pick is also possible Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 31/37
- 40. Figure : LiquidSmooth ROM, running Cempaka Kernel Figure : Carbon ROM, running Blue Kelisa Kernel Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 32/37
- 41. Source sync ROMs are using ‘‘repo’’ command to sync all changes from the upstream Updates are based from the repositories defined in the manifest file Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 33/37
- 42. Repo sync najmi@quds:~/rom/aicp$repo sync remote: Counting objects: 3, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done. remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 3 (delta 0) Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done. From https://github.com/AICP/platform_manifest 9ee1fc3..d607bb2 kitkat - origin/kitkat project .repo/manifests/ Updating 9ee1fc3..d607bb2 Fast-forward default.xml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) Fetching project platform/packages/apps/Provision Fetching project CyanogenMod/android_hardware_ti_wpan Fetching project omnirom/android_packages_wallpapers_PhaseBeam Fetching project platform/external/tinyxml ............... remote: Counting objects: 12, done remote: Finding sources: 100% (12/12) remote: Total 12 (delta 0), reused 12 (delta 0) remote: Counting objects: 12, done Unpacking objects: 100% (12/12), done. From https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/eigen Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 34/37
- 43. Example of extrafeatures in custom ROMS Hover PIE Halo Customization of date display Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 35/37
- 44. Figure : PIEFigure : Hover Muhammad Najmi MOSC 2014 36/37
- 45. END najmi.zabidi@gmail.com MuhammadNajmi MOSC 2014 37/37