02 Java Language And OOP PART II

Java Language and OOP Part II By Hari Christian

Agenda • 01 Operator in Java • 02 Operator - Assignment • 03 Operator - Relational • 04 Operator - Arithmetic • 05 Operator - Conditional • 06 Operator - Bitwise • 07 Operator - Logical • 08 Operator - Precedence • 09 Operator - Associativity

Agenda • 10 Selection Statement - If • 11 Selection Statement - Switch • 12 Selection Statement - Conditional • 13 Looping Statement - For • 14 Looping Statement - While • 15 Looping Statement - Do While • 16 Continue Statement • 17 Break Statement • 18 Basic of Arrays • 19 Arrays of Arrays

Operator • An operator is a punctuation mark that says to do something to two (or three) operands • An example is the expression "a * b". The "*" is the multiplication operator, and "a" and "b" are the operands

Operator • Example: int a = 3 * 2; int b = 3 + t.calculate(); arr[2] = 5; arr[2+5] = 2 + 5;

Operator - Assignment • Using notation equal (=) • This Operator using two operand, left operand and right operand • Expression on the right operand is evaluated and the result stored in left operand

Operator - Assignment int num1 = 5; // Assign value 5 to num1 int num2 = num2 + 5; // Add value 5 to num2 int num3 += 5; // Add value 5 to num3 int num4 = num4 - 5; // Substract 5 to num4 int num5 -= 5; // Substract 5 to num5 int num6 = num6 * 5; // Multiply 5 to num6 int num7 *= 5; // Multiply 5 to num7 int num8 = num8 / 5; // Divide 5 to num8 int num9 /= 5; // Divide 5 to num9

Operator - Relational • Relational Operator always give a boolean result (true or false) • 6 Relational Operator: Operator Description < Less than > More than <= Less than or Equal >= More than or Equal == Comparison != Not equal

Operator - Relational int num1 = 5; if (num1 < 5) { System.out.println(“Less than 5”); } if (num1 > 5) { System.out.println(“More than 5”); }

Operator - Relational int num1 = 5; if (num1 <= 5) { System.out.println(“Less than or equal 5”); } if (num1 >= 5) { System.out.println(“More than or equal 5”); }

Operator - Relational int num1 = 5; if (num1 == 5) { System.out.println(“Equal 5”); } if (num1 != 5) { System.out.println(“Not equal 5”); }

Operator – Instance Of class Vehicle {} class Car extends Vehicle {} class Mercedes extends Car {} Vehicle v = new Vehicle(); Mercedes m = new Mercedes(); if (m instanceof Vehicle) { System.out.println(“m is Vehicle"); } if (v instanceof Mercedes) { System.out.println(“v is Mercedes"); }

Operator - Arithmetic • Arithmetic Operator just like a Math!!! • 7 Arithmetic Operator: Operator Description + Addition - Substraction * Multiplication / Divide % Modulus ++ Increment by 1 -- Decrement by 1

Operator - Arithmetic int addition = 5 + 5; int substraction = 5 - 5; int multiplication = 5 * 5; int divide = 5 / 5; int modulus = 5 % 5; // 100 % 17 = ? int num = 5; int preIncrement = ++num; int postIncrement = num++; int preDecrement = --num; int postDecrement = num++;

Operator - Conditional • Also called Ternary Operator • This operator using notation ? and : • Example: int num1 = (5 == 5) ? 0 : 1; int num2 = (5 != 5) ? 0 : 1; int num3 = (5 < 5) ? 0 : 1; int num4 = (5 > 5) ? 0 : 1;

Operator - Bitwise int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */ c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */ c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */ c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */ c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */ c = a >> 2; /* 215 = 1111 */ c = a >>> 2; /* 215 = 0000 1111 */

Operator - Logical • To combine other operator • 2 Relational Operator: Operator Description && And || Or

Operator – Logical And • AND Combination table Operator 1 Operator 2 Result False False False False True False True False False True True True

Operator – Logical And • Example: int num = 5; if (num == 6 && num > 10) { // false and false System.out.println(“Hari Christian”); } if (num == 6 && num > 2) { // false and true System.out.println(“Hari Christian”); }

Operator – Logical And • Example: int num = 5; if (num == 5 && num > 10) { // true and false System.out.println(“Hari Christian”); } if (num == 5 && num > 2) { // true and true System.out.println(“Hari Christian”); }

Operator – Logical Or • OR Combination table Operator 1 Operator 2 Result False False False False True True True False True True True True

Operator – Logical Or • Example: int num = 5; if (num == 6 || num > 10) { // false and false System.out.println(“Hari Christian”); } if (num == 6 || num > 2) { // false and true System.out.println(“Hari Christian”); }

Operator – Logical Or • Example: int num = 5; if (num == 5 || num > 10) { // true and false System.out.println(“Hari Christian”); } if (num == 5 || num > 2) { // true and true System.out.println(“Hari Christian”); }

Operator - Precedence – calories Symbol Note Precedence ++ -- pre-increment or decrement 16 ++ -- post-increment or decrement 15 ~ flip the bits of an integer 15 ! logical not 14 - + arithmetic negation or plus 14 (typename) type conversion or cast 13 * / % multiplicative operators 12 - + additive operators 11 << >> >>> left and right bitwise shift 10

Operator - Precedence – calories Symbol Note Precedence instanceof < <= > >= relational operators 9 == != equality operators 8 & bitwise and 7 ^ bitwise exclusive or 6 | bitwise inclusive or 5 && conditional and 4 || conditional or 3 ? : conditional operator 2 = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= >>>= &= ^= |= assignment operators 1

Operator - Associativity – calories Symbol Note Precedence Associativity ++ -- pre-increment or decrement 16 right ++ -- post-increment or decrement 15 left ~ flip the bits of an integer 15 right ! logical not 14 right - + arithmetic negation or plus 14 right (typename) type conversion or cast 13 right * / % multiplicative operators 12 left - + additive operators 11 left << >> >>> left and right bitwise shift 10 left

Operator - Associativity – calories Symbol Note Precedence Associativity instanceof < <= > >= relational operators 9 left == != equality operators 8 left & bitwise and 7 left ^ bitwise exclusive or 6 left | bitwise inclusive or 5 left && conditional and 4 left || conditional or 3 left ? : conditional operator 2 right = *= /= %= += - = <<= >>= >>>= &= ^= |= assignment operators 1 right

Selection Statement - IF • Format: if ( Expression ) Statement [ else Statement ] • Explanation:  Expression must have boolean type  Using { } to make more than 1 statement

Selection Statement - IF • Example: boolean valid = false; if (valid = true) { System.out.println(“VALID”); } else { System.out.println(“TIDAK VALID”); }

Selection Statement - IF • Example: boolean valid = false; if (valid) { System.out.println(“VALID”); } else { System.out.println(“TIDAK VALID”); }

Selection Statement - IF • Example: boolean valid = false; if (valid == true) { System.out.println(“VALID”); } else { System.out.println(“TIDAK VALID”); }

Selection Statement - IF • Example: int number = 5; if (number == 5) { System.out.println(“PT”); } if (number > 2) { System.out.println(“GUNATRONIKATAMA”); } if (number > 5) { System.out.println(“CIPTA”); } else { System.out.println(“LESTARI”); }

Selection Statement - IF • Example: int number = 5; if (number == 5) { System.out.println(“PT”); } else if (number > 2) { System.out.println(“GUNATRONIKATAMA”); } else if (number > 4) { System.out.println(“CIPTA”); } else { System.out.println(“LESTARI”); }

Selection Statement - IF • Example: int number = 5; String result = number == 1 ? “a” : “b”; OR String result = number == 1 ? “satu” : number == 2? “dua” : “bukan dua”; System.out.println(“number = “ + number);

Selection Statement - Switch • Format: switch ( Expression ) { case constant_1 : Statement; break; case constant_2 : Statement; break; case constant_3 : Statement; break; case constant_n : Statement; break; default : Statement; break; }

Selection Statement - Switch • Explanation:  Cannot have same expression  Default is optional, but bear in mind there can be only one default  Default doesn’t have to be last

Selection Statement - Switch • Example: int number = 2; String a = “”; switch (x) { case 1: a = “PT”; case 2: a = “GUNATRONIKATAMA”; case 3: a = “CIPTA”; case 4: a = “JAYA”; case 5: a = “LESTARI”; default: a = “MAKMUR”; }

Selection Statement - Switch • Example: int number = 2; String a = “”; switch (x) { case 1: a = “PT”; break; case 2: a = “GUNATRONIKATAMA”; break; case 3: a = “CIPTA”; break; case 4: a = “JAYA”; break; case 5: a = “LESTARI”; break; default: a = “MAKMUR”; break; }

Looping Statement - For • Format: for ( Initial; Test; Increment ) Statement • New Format (since Java 5): for ( Object object : Array) Statement

Looping Statement - For • Example: int i; for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // loop body } OR for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { // loop body }

Looping Statement - For • Example: for (int i = 0; i < employees.size(); i++) { Employee e = employees.get(i); e.getName(); } OR for (Employee e : employees) { // new e.getName(); }

Looping Statement - For • Infinite loop for ( ;; ) { }

Looping Statement - While • Format: while ( Expression ) Statement • Explanation:  While boolean Expression remain true, the Statement is executed  If Expression is false on first evaluation, the Statement will not execute

Looping Statement - While • Example: int i = 0; while (i < 10) { // loop body i++; }

Looping Statement – Do While • Format: do Statement while ( Expression ) • Explanation:  While boolean Expression remain true, the Statement is executed  If Expression is false on first evaluation, the Statement will execute once

Looping Statement – Do While • Example: int i = 0; do { // loop body i++; } while (i < 10) ;

Looping Statement – Continue • Format: continue; continue Identifier; • Explanation:  Continue occur only in loops  When a continue statement executed, it will pass to the next iteration of the loop

Looping Statement - Continue • Example: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { if (i == 5) { continue; } }

Looping Statement - Continue • Example: gasi: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { if (j == 5) continue gasi; } }

Looping Statement – Break • Format: break; break Identifier; • Explanation:  When a break statement executed, it will break or exit the loop

Looping Statement - Break • Example: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { if (i == 5) { break; } }

Looping Statement - Break • Example: gasi: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { if (j == 5) break gasi; } }

Looping Statement - Break • Example: for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { System.out.println(“i = “ + i); for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { System.out.println(“j = “ + j); if (j == 2) break; } if (i == 3) break; }

Basic of Arrays • Arrays are objects it means array types are reference types, and your array variable is really a reference to an array • Here are some ways in which arrays are like objects: – They are objects because the language specification says so ("An object is a class instance or an array", section 4.3.1) – Array types are reference types, just like object types – Arrays are allocated with the "new" operator, similar to constructors – Arrays are always allocated in the heap part of memory, never in the stack part of memory. Objects follow the same rule

Basic of Arrays • We can define an Arrays of: – Primitive Data Type – Object • Index of Array ALWAYS start with zero • To get size of Arrays we use array.length

Basic of Arrays • Declare an Arrays: // Recommended int[] data; int[] data1, data2, data3; // Not recommended int data[]; int data1[], data2[], data3[];

Basic of Arrays • Initialize an Arrays: int[] data; data = new int[10]; // Valid data = new int[]; // Invalid int[] data = new int[10]; // Valid int[10] data = new int[10]; // Invalid int data[10] = new int[10]; // Invalid int data[10]; // Invalid

Basic of Arrays • Fill an Arrays: int[] data = new int[5]; // Valid data[0] = 5; // OK data[1] = 6; data[2] = 7; data[3] = 8; data[4] = 9; // OK … so far data[5] = 10; // We have a problem here

Basic of Arrays • Fill an Arrays: int[] data = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Valid int[] data = new int[] {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Valid int[] data = new int[5] {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Invalid int[] data = new int[5]; data = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; // Invalid

Arrays of Arrays • In other language called Multi Dimension Arrays – The Visual Basic language only has multidimensional arrays, and only calls them multidimensional arrays – The ANSI C standard says C has what other languages call arrays of arrays, but it also calls these multidimensional – The Ada standard explicitly says arrays of arrays and multidimensional arrays are different. The language has both – The Pascal standard says arrays of arrays and multidimensional arrays are the same thing

Arrays of Arrays • Declare an Arrays: // Recommended int[][] data; int[][] data1, data2, data3; // Not recommended int data[][]; int data1[][], data2[][], data3[][];

Arrays of Arrays • Initialize an Arrays: int[][] data; data = new int[10][10]; // Valid data = new int[10][]; // Invalid int[][] data = new int[10][10]; // Valid int[10][10] data = new int[10][10]; // Invalid int data[10][10] = new int[10][10]; // Invalid int data[10][10]; // Invalid

Arrays of Arrays • Fill an Arrays: int[][] data = new int[3][3]; data[0][0] = 0; data[0][1] = 1; data[0][2] = 2; data[1][0] = 0; data[1][1] = 1; data[1][2] = 2; data[2][0] = 0; data[2][1] = 1; data[2][2] = 2;

Arrays of Arrays • Fill an Arrays: int[][] data = new int[3][]; data[0] = new int[1]; data[0][0] = 0; data[1] = new int[2]; data[1][0] = 0; data[1][1] = 1; data[2] = new int[3]; data[2][0] = 0; data[2][1] = 1; data[2][2] = 2;

Arrays of Arrays • Fill an Arrays: int[][] data = {{0, 1}, {0, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 2, 3}};// Valid int[][] data = new int[][] {{0, 1}, {0, 1}}; // Valid int[][] data = new int[1][2] {{0, 1}}; // Invalid int[][] data = new int[2][2]; data = {{0, 1}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}}; // Invalid

02 Java Language And OOP PART II

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