This document discusses whether Java 8 can be considered a true functional programming language. It begins with an overview of programming paradigms and compares the imperative and functional paradigms. It then outlines key aspects of functional programming including immutability, recursion, functions as first-class citizens, higher-order functions, and laziness. Code examples in Java demonstrate these concepts. The document concludes that while Java 8 incorporates some functional programming features, it does not fully embrace all aspects of functional programming.