Velocity profiles and wall shear stress values in the wall jet region of planar underexpanded impinging jets are parameterized based on nozzle parameters (stand-off height, jet hydraulic diameter, and nozzle pressure ratio). Computational fluid dynamics is used to calculate the velocity fields of impinging jets with height-to-diameter ratios in the range of 15–30 and nozzle pressure ratio in the range of 1.2–3.0. The wall jet has an incomplete self-similar profile with a typical triple-layer structure as in traditional wall jets. The effects of compressibility are found to be insignificant for wall jets with Ma < 0.8. Wall jet analysis yielded power-law relationships with source dependent coefficients describing maximum velocity, friction velocity, and w...

Au nanoparticles have been chemically synthesized and supported in carbon Vulcan XC-72. Using the Au nanoparticles as catalyst, the kinetics and mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), in 0.5 M H2SO4, were analyzed. From rotating disk electrode (RDE) studies, it was found that the number of elec- trons (n) involved in the ORR depends on the applied potential (E). For E �0.38 V, n was �2, at more neg- ative potentials the value of n increases almost to 4. The kinetic parameters obtained from RDE studies were: �b = 0.110 V dec � 1 and a = 0.54. The impedance spectra of Au nanoparticles show one time con- stant for E > 0.38 V vs. NHE, the time constant was associated to the reduction process from O2 to H2O2 as the main intermediate. For E < 0....

An analysis of the potential involvement of alicyclic cations in biogenetic-like olefin cyclizations is presented. Application of the concepts of conformational analysis and transition state structures to the intramolecular attack of an olefinic double bond on a conformationally rigid cyclohexyl cation leads to the conclusion that such reactions should proceed with high stereoselectivity. A number of examples of cationic olefin cyclizations, including some undertaken specifically to test the theoretical analysis, are reviewed and discussed in relation to the potential involvement of alicyclic cations as intermediates in these cyclizations. This review illustrates some of the problems encountered in attempting to study mechanisms of olefinic cyclizations rela...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFused Organic Salts. II.1 Reactions of Organic Halides with Molten Quaternary Ammonium NitratesJohn E. GordonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 7, 1499–1508Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01085a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and u...

The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with gemcitabine (GEM) in combination with fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) on a pancreatic cancer patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. A PDOX model was established from a CA19-9-positive, CEA-negative tumor from a patient who had undergone a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Mice were randomized to 4 groups: bright light surgery (BLS) only; BLS+NAC; FGS only; and FGS+NAC. An anti-CA19-9 or anti-CEA antibody conjugated to DyLight 650 was administered intravenously via the tail vein of mice with the pancreatic cancer PDOX 24 hours before surgery. The PDOX was brightly labeled with fluorophore-conjugated anti-CA19-9, but not with a fluoropho...

We report that microlightning during the spraying of pure water microdroplets can cleave alkyne triple bonds via the in situ formation of ozone. When alkyne vapors are introduced into a spray of water microdroplets under ambient conditions, carboxylic acids are detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Control experiments confirmed that both water and molecular oxygen in the gas surrounding the droplets are essential in this transformation. Intermediates of ozonolysis were captured by MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2), which further verified the proposed mechanism through ozone generation from water droplet microlightning. Our findings demonstrate a green, catalyst-free method for breaking the C≡C bond of alkynes and forming the corresponding...

Novel hybrid coating material based on polypropylene itaconate (PPIA) and MOF-5 [Zn4O(BDC)3] (BDC: benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid) has been successfully prepared and characterized. Herein, the influence of certain percentage additions of MOF-5 (from 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 40 wt.%) into PPIA on its structure, morphology, density, and thermal stability were investigated. However, extensive damage was observed in MOF-5 structures according to PXRD, FTIR and nitrogen sorption isotherm analyses. The obtained materials were applied for CO2 capture and monitored by the volumetric method. The higher percentage of MOF-5 incorporated into PPIA induced higher CO2 adsorption. A significant increase of CO2 capture was seen after the addition of 1–20 wt.% of MOF-5 into the...

Recent research has shown that ethical behavior can be influenced by features of the immediate environment such as the presence of a cheater or the characteristics of a room. We suggest ethical behavior is similarly shaped by a more diffuse and enduring situational feature: the state of the economy. Building on work showing that prosperity fuels overconfidence, risk-taking, and greed, we argue that ethical behavior improves when the economy falters. Five studies spanning diverse populations and different types of misconduct find support for this hypothesis. During prosperous economic times, companies were more likely to submit regulatory filings that would later be restated for fraud (Study 1), academics were more likely to publish papers that later would be...

We reported an investigation of the influence of B4C contents on microstructure and mechanical behavior of AA2024/B4C composites. In our work, nearly full-dense AA2024/B4C composites with various B4C contents were fabricated by plasma activated sintering. Our results indicated that the B4C particles exhibit a network distribution in the composites with 7.5 wt % and 17.5 wt % B4C particles, adjacent particles of monolithic alloy are continuous or interpenetrated among the B4C particles in the powder boundary region. However, for the composite with 27.5 wt % B4C particles, the adjacent particles of monolithic alloy are interdicted due to the formation of severe aggregations. Improving the content of B4C particles will increase the hardness and compressive yiel...

Oral bacteria DNA has been found in intracranial aneurysms (IA) and a high prevalence of periodontitis was reported in IA patients. We investigated whether periodontitis associates with IA formation and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). First, we compared in a case-control setting the prevalence of periodontal disease in IA patients (42 unruptured IA, 34 ruptured IA) and in age- and gender-matched controls (n = 70) from the same geographical area (Health 2000 Survey, BRIF8901). Next, we investigated whether periodontitis at baseline associated with aSAH in a 13-year follow-up study of 5170 Health 2000 Survey participants. Follow-up data was obtained from national hospital discharge and cause of death registries. Univariate analysis, logistic regress...

The objectives of this paper are study effect of dispersion of hard alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) microparticles-filled polypropylene (PP) composites. Al 2 O 3 /PP composites containing 1.0 – 5.0 wt% of the Al 2 O 3 were prepared through melt blending and specimens were produced through injection moulding technique. This study sets out to evaluate the influence of adding hard particles to the mechanical properties of the composite obtained while keeping the processing characteristics of the material. The material was characterized as thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile tests performed showed an increase in the mechanical properties of the composite (modulus and elongation (%)) by increasing the Al 2 O 3 content. The ...

We consider the problem of the distributed recovery of jointly sparse signals by a number of nodes in a sensor network, using multiple noisy linear measurements. In the literature, distributed Bayesian algorithms have been proposed to tackle this problem, most of which assume that nodes can transmit real data with infinite precision. However, in many practical applications, sensor networks have a limited communication bandwidth and finite capacity channels, and digital quantization of the transmitted data is inevitable. In this paper, we consider the case that the transmitted quantities/messages between nodes (instead of the measurement data) are quantized with discrete value and finite precision. We formulate a fully hierarchical jointly sparse Bayesian mod...

OBJECTIVES--To determine the outcome of childhood wheeze in terms of education, employment, housing, and social class. DESIGN--25 year follow up study. SETTING--Community study based at the department of thoracic medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. PARTICIPANTS--Three groups of subjects who had been identified in a random community survey in 1964: those who had had asthma in childhood (n = 97), those who had wheezed only in the presence of upper respiratory tract infections (n = 132), and a comparison group who had had no respiratory symptoms as children (n = 131). Subjects were aged 34 to 40 years at the time of the current study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Interview and questionnaire data on education, employment, housing and social class, ventilatory function...

Some patients believed to be in a permanent vegetative state can be shown to possess awareness by analysing electrical signals from their brains picked up by an electroencephalograph (EEG), shows a study. Similar results have already been reported using functional magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning, but an EEG is much cheaper and more portable, opening up the possibility of routine use—or even of creating a means by which such patients can communicate with the outside world. In a study in the Lancet , a team from Canada, Belgium, and the UK report that of 16 patients tested at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge and the University Hospital of Liege in Belgium, three were shown to be responsive ( Lancet 2011, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61224-5). Altho...

In postnatal testes, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) acts on somatic Sertoli cells to activate gene expression directly via an intracellular signaling pathway composed of cAMP, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and promotes germ cell development indirectly. Yet, the paracrine factors mediating the FSH effects to germ cells remained elusive. Here we show that nociceptin, known as a neuropeptide, is upregulated by FSH through cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in Sertoli cells in murine testes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation from Sertoli cells shows that CREB phosphorylated at Ser133 associates with prepronociceptin gene encoding nociceptin. Analyses with Sertoli cells and testes demonstrates that both prepronociceptin...

Should a woman in a minimally conscious state have artificial nutrition and hydration withdrawn and be allowed to die? That was the stark question facing delegates at the BMA’s “Morals and Medicine” conference on 22 February. Tom was convinced that his wife Sarah, injured in an accident and left in a near vegetative state, would not have wanted to be kept alive. Her family agreed. After her uncle had a stroke Sarah had said that she would not want to be absolutely dependent on others. Watching a television programme about Tony Bland, the Hillsborough football ground disaster survivor who was in a permanent vegetative state, she had remarked that it was “cruel to keep him alive like that.” Sarah’s doctor pointed out that she seemed to relax when m...

In July 2009, Australia introduced criminal offences and jail for collusive conduct (price fixing, output restriction, market allocation and bid rigging) in markets. The substance of the justification for criminalization of cartel conduct is ‘blindly’ economic. It does not spring from a sense of moral or political outrage at collusion in the market. Rather, it is justified on the basis of effective regulatory technique, the need to deter economically harmful behaviour. This paper examines the rationality of anti-cartel law from the point of view of the ‘legal consciousness’ of 25 business people who have faced enforcement action for cartel conduct. Their justifications for their own behaviour in light of the law tell us about how they believe the law...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTGeneration of Highly Enantioselective Catalysts from the Pseudoenatiomeric Assembly of BINOL, F8BINOL, and Ti(OiPr)4Subramanian Pandiaraju, Gang Chen, Alan Lough, and Andrei K. YudinView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 16, 3850–3851Publication Date (Web):March 28, 2001Publication History Received17 November 2000Published online28 March 2001Published inissue 1 April 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0039942https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0039942rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1231Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOU...

Abstract Color is one of the essential aesthetic design elements in restaurant setting due to its high impact on customer’s emotional and behavioral responses. The purpose of this study is to explore the linkage between emotional response to interior color and restaurant entry decision. A total of 496 research participants evaluated eleven computer-generated restaurant scenes with different interior colors. Each participant was asked to evaluate his/her emotional responses on nine adjective pairs of the PAD emotion scale as well as his/her entry decision. Logistic regression models were derived to indicate the probability of entering the restaurant. Pleasure was found to be the best behavioral response predictor. Data analysis also showed that restaurant s...

The study evaluated the effects of butyric acid, in the form of tributyrin on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial function in diquat-challenged pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were allocated to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main effects of tributyrin supplementation and diquat challenge. The results showed that supplemental tributyrin increased ( P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake of diquat-challenged pigs. Tributyrin elevated ( P < 0.05) the activities of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, reduced ( P < 0.05) malondialdehyde content, and increased ( P < 0.05) mRNA levels of copper and zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase of diquat-challe...

We assessed soil biota and soil chemistry in a 20-year-old interior spruce ( Picea glauca × engelmannii) stand in the interior of British Columbia 10 years after initiation of annual fertilization. Treatments included an unfertilized control, ON1 (having received per hectare 800 kg nitrogen (N), 350 kg phosphorus (P), 400 kg potassium (K)), and ON2 (having received per hectare 1400 kg N, 350 kg P, 400 kg K). Micronutrients were added periodically. There was more mineralizable N and NO 3 -N in the forest floor and upper mineral soil of ON2 plots than in the controls or ON1. Forest floor NH 4 -N increased with each level of fertilizer application. Total forest floor N, total sulphur, and exchangeable magnesium were higher with both levels of fertilization tha...

Technology has become a familiar companion in all areas of life. Production consumption, administration, education, communication, and leisure activities are all shaped by the use of technologies. However, people often associate with the term ‘technology’ attributes, such as catastrophic and potentially dangerous, and tend to take the benefits of technological products for granted. This asymmetry in risk–benefit perception is one of the main reasons why many consumers are concerned about ‘hidden’ risks of technologies and why they demand stringent regulatory actions when they feel unduly exposed to potential emissions or waste products associated with the lifecycle of technologies. This situation is often aggravated by social amplification processe...

In On Virtue Ethics I offered a criterion for a character trait's being a virtue according to which a virtuous character trait must conduce to, or at least not be inimical to, four ends, one of which is the continuance of the human species. I argue here that this does not commit me to homosexuality's being a vice, since homosexuality is not a character trait and hence not up for assessment as a virtue or a vice. Vegetarianism is not up for such assessment either, for the same reason, but, as a practice, may well be required by the virtue of compassion, and sacrificing one's life for an animal or alien may be required by courage. The clause about the continuance of the human species in my criterion does not specify a foundational value, because, following McD...

N,N-Dimethyl-N-octadecyl-4-[4-(4′-butyloxy)-trans-azobenzoxy]butyl-ammonium cation was paired with 3,8,13,18,23-pentaoxadocosanoate anion to afford a photo-isomerizable amphiphilic ion pair. When this ion pair in the trans form was incorporated into a planar bilayer phospholipid membrane, single ion channel currents were observed and the ion channel properties could be fully analyzed. The channel showed various conductivity states, as characteristics of supramolecular channels, in the range mostly 2–12 pS. The channel was selective for cation over anion with a permeability ratio PK/PCl of 6.1 and was selective also for metal ion species such as K+/Na+ or K+/Cs+ with selectivity factors of 6.1 and 0.7, respectively. The channel was characterized by a very...

Flu experts have urged all doctors to be vaccinated against influenza to protect themselves and vulnerable high risk patients. At a press briefing in London this week, organised by the Society for General Microbiology, a panel of experts agreed that vaccine uptake must increase among healthcare workers. Richard Pebody, head of flu surveillance at the Health Protection Agency, said: “Last season only 35% of healthcare workers were vaccinated so there is clearly a long way to go. There is also big variation between trusts, with 95% in some trusts.” Peter Openshaw, professor of experimental medicine and honorary physician at Imperial College NHS Trust, said part of the problem was the mechanism for getting the vaccine in many hospitals. “Many healthcare w...

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, Lajolla, CaliforniaNOAA/Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, ColoradoMeteorological Service of Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaUniversity of Maine, Orono, MaineOak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TennesseeGriffith University, Nathan, AustraliaUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HawaiiDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaUniversity of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WisconsinUniversity of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MarylandAdvanced Earth Science and Technology Organization, Tokyo, JapanUniversity of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CaliforniaFisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, CanadaInstitut ...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic-aromatic interactions: free energy profiles for the benzene dimer in water, chloroform, and liquid benzeneWilliam L. Jorgensen and Daniel L. SeveranceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 12, 4768–4774Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00168a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4735Altmetric-Citations902LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other arti...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe stereoselective synthesis of .alpha.-amino acids by phase-transfer catalysisMartin J. O'Donnell, William D. Bennett, and Shengde WuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6, 2353–2355Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00188a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5235Altmetric-Citations515LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up t...

Since the discovery of the RNA functions modulating gene expression, functional RNA has become an attractive drug target. Ligand-RNA interactions have been studied by covalent labeling of either the ligand or RNA with fluorescent dyes or immobilization on the sensing devices. However, it is desirable to investigate the interactions without any chemical modifications in order to keep the native secondary and tertiary structures. Displacement assays satisfy this criterion because neither covalent labeling nor immobilization is necessary for the assay. We here report a fluorescent indicator displacement assay for the investigation of a ligand-RNA interaction that exploits a novel fluorescent indicator, a 2,7-disubstituted 9H-xanthen-9-one derivative. The assay ...

In this study, the value of the serum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, and CA 125 was assessed in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pancreatic diseases with and without obstructive jaundice.Serum levels of CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 125 were measured by immunoradiometric assay before the treatment in 123 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 58 patients with a benign pancreatic disease.The sensitivity of CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 125 in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma was 39.0%, 81.3%, and 56.9%; and specificity was 91.4%, 75.9%, and 77.6%, respectively. Although there was no significant difference between the CA 19-9 positivity ratios of the jaundiced (84.3%) and nonjaundiced (73.5%) patient subgroups of the pancreatic car...

An internal combustion engine with opposed piston engine (OPE) develops higher power density than any other conventional internal combustion engine by virtue of its design. A Two stroke OPE gives two power stroke within 360 0 of crank revolution which indicates the higher power density. But this extra power also results in large amount of forces gets transmitted to both the crankshaft amounting to large unbalance in the engine. Hence for a smoother and noise free performance, engine should be dynamically balanced. So balancing is one of the main criteria for better performance. In this paper the dynamic analysis was performed by varying the linkage dimensions of OPE for balance OPE. The analytical calculation of inertia forces and dimensions for linkages has...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRESEARCHES ON PYRIMIDINES. CXXX. SYNTHESIS OF 2-KETO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROPYRIMIDINESKarl Folkers, H. J. Harwood, and Treat B. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 9, 3751–3758Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01348a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2422Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this art...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Electron Diffraction Investigation of the Molecular Structures of the meso and Racemic 2,3-DibromobutanesD. P. Stevenson and Verner. SchomakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 11, 3173–3176Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1939https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01266a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citin...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Cephalotaxine Synthesis Founded on a Mechanistically Interesting, Quasi-biomimetic StrategyXiaodong Lin, Robert W. Kavash, and Patrick S. MarianoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 21, 9791–9792Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00100a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00100a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usa...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall Scale Preparation of Carbon-14 Labeled Succinic, Malic, Fumaric and Tartaric AcidsE. C. Jorgensen, J. A. Bassham, M. Calvin, and B. M. TolbertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 9, 2418–2419Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01129a077RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this a...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTACID TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS OF LEUCOVORINDonna B. Cosulich, Barbara Roth, James M. Smith Jr., Martin E. Hultouist, and Robert P. ParkerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 5006Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01154a548https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a548research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall-Ring Compounds. VIII. Some Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Cyclopropyl, Cyclobutyl, Cyclopentyl and Cyclohexyl p-Toluenesulfonates and HalidesJohn D. Roberts and Vaughan C. ChambersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5034–5040Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views444Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few da...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Properties of the Condensed Phosphates. XIII. RefractometryEdward J. GriffithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 3, 509–513Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01560a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Acid Catalysis in Liquid AmmoniaA. I. ShatenshteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 3, 432–435Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1937https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01282a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxy Furans. I. Beta Hydroxy TriphenylfuranE. P. Kohler, F. H. Westheimer, and M. TishlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 2, 264–267Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1936https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01293a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mercury(3P1)-Sensitized Photolysis of Some Liquid Alkanes at 25°Robert R. Kuntz and Gilbert J. MainsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 15, 2219–2222Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00898a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00898a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations a...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn ab initio study of the insertion reaction silylene (SiH2(1Aa)) + hydrogen .fwdarw. silaneAlexander Sax and Gottfried OlbrichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 17, 4868–4874Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00303a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calc...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Spectra of Aqueous Solutions. IV. Glycine and Glycine PeptidesMyo K. Kim and Arthur E. MartellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 20, 3080–3083Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00903a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00903a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations ...

The photosensitized enantiodifferentiating polar additions of alcohols (R2OH; R2 = Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, t-Bu) to 1,1-diphenylalkenes 1−3 (Ph2CCHR1; R1 = Me, Et, i-Pr) were performed over a range of temperatures in the presence of chiral 1-, 2-, 1,4-, 1,8-, 2,3-, and 2,6-naphthalene(di)carboxylate (7−12) photosensitizers, giving the chiral anti-Markovnikov adduct (4a) with optimized enantiomeric excesses (ee's) of up to 33%. An unusual switching of product chirality was induced simply by changing the irradiation temperature, leading to antipodal products at different temperatures, often affording higher ee's at higher temperatures. The differential activation parameters for the enantiodifferentiation process, which were determined from an Eyring treatment ...

Alanes are believed to be the mass transport intermediate in many hydrogen storage reactions and thus important for understanding rehydrogenation kinetics for alanates and AlH3. Combining density functional theory (DFT) and surface infrared (IR) spectroscopy, we provide atomistic details about the formation of alanes on the Al(111) surface, a model environment for the rehydrogenation reactions. At low coverage, DFT predicts a 2-fold bridge site adsorption for atomic hydrogen at 1150 cm−1, which is too weak to be detected by IR but was previously observed in electron energy loss spectroscopy. At higher coverage, steps are the most favorable adsorption sites for atomic H adsorption, and it is likely that the AlH3 molecules form (initially strongly bound to s...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTReview of Biomimetic and Bioinspired NanomaterialsFrançois BaneyxView Author Information University of WashingtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13, 5161Publication Date (Web):March 14, 2011Publication History Published online14 March 2011Published inissue 6 April 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja2018338Copyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2231Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles ...

The total synthesis and structural characterization of the MHCII-associated p41 invariant chain fragment (P41icf) is described. P41icf plays a crucial role in the maturation of MHC class II molecules and antigen processing, acting as a highly selective cathepsin L inhibitor. P41icf synthesis was achieved using a combined solid-phase/solution approach. The entire molecule (65 residues, 7246 Da unprotected) was assembled in solution from fully protected peptides in the size range of 10 residues. After deprotection, oxidative folding in carefully adjusted experimental conditions led to the completely folded and functional P41icf with a disulfide pairing identical to that of native P41icf. CD, NMR, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used for the structural...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 extraction patterns on incisor and molar movements in patients with growing Class II Division 1.The sample included 54 patients 10-17 years of age treated by 2 private practice orthodontists using Tweed directional force mechanics, 4 premolar extractions, J-hook headgears, and Class II elastics or Saif springs. The sample was divided on the basis of having maxillary and mandibular first premolars (4/4) or maxillary first and mandibular second premolars (4/5) extracted. Each group included 27 patients. Treatment lasted 2.8 ± 0.60 years and 2.6 ± 0.54 years for the 4/4 and 4/5 groups, respectively. Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment lateral cephalograms and dental casts were evaluated. Cranial base,...

Foliar spraying with silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) can regulate the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice (Oryza sativa L.), but the effects on different cultivars and the main determining factors remain unknown. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of foliar spraying with Si, Se, and mixture of Si and Se to decrease Cd accumulation and translocation in rice cultivars WYHZ, NJ5055, and ZF1Y. All three spray treatments significantly decreased the Cd concentration in WYHZ brown rice, but had no such effect in NJ5055 or ZF1Y, relative to controls. WYHZ had a higher ability to translocate Cd than the other two cultivars. Foliar spraying changed this pattern by decreasing Cd translocation from roots to stems and from stems to brown rice, an...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (sulfodifluoromethyl)phosphonic acidDonald J. Burton, Anil S. Modak, Ranil Guneratne, Debao Su, Wenbiao Cen, Robert L. Kirchmeier, and Jean'ne M. ShreeveCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 5, 1773–1776Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00187a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00187a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated ...

Abstract One of the most common approaches used to evaluate the state of water quality in a water body is through the use of water quality indices (WQIs). This paper presents one of the most important steps in the development of a WQI, which is that of establishing the weights of the water quality parameters. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to calculate weights based on 13 selected parameters from within 7 water quality groupings for rivers in West Java, Indonesia. Thus, two AHP models were employed in this study, the first had 13 pairwise questionnaires to be compared (individual form) and the second model had 7 comparisons (group form). A pool of respondents from related stakeholders with different backgrounds in West Java was surveyed to...

A more balanced perspective The BBC’s Panorama programme The Mind Reader: Unlocking My Voice broadcast on 13 November 2012 provided important insights into the devastating experience of patients who live in vegetative or minimally conscious states and the families who support them. It also provided useful information on the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore evidence of localised brain activity that might indicate underlying awareness. However, the programme failed to distinguish clearly between the two states and gave the impression that 20% of patients in a vegetative state show cognitive responses on fMRI. This claim needs to be clarified and put into perspective. There are important differences between the two states. Patien...

Localized water molecules in the binding pockets of proteins play an important role in noncovalent association of proteins and small drug compounds. At times, the dominant contribution to the binding free energy comes from the release of localized water molecules in the binding pockets of biomolecules. Therefore, to quantify the energetic importance of these water molecules for drug design purposes, we have used the double-decoupling approach to calculate the standard free energy of tying up a water molecule in the binding pockets of two protein complexes. The double-decoupling approach is based on the underlying principle of statistical thermodynamics. We have calculated the standard free energies of tying up the water molecule in the binding pockets of the...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation and Dynamics of 18-Crown-6, Cryptand 222, and Their Cation Complexes in Acetonitrile Studied by Molecular Dynamics SimulationsL. Troxler and G. WipffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4, 1468–1480Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00083a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00083a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views591Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly update...

The n,π* singlet-excited azoalkane 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene (DBO) is efficiently quenched by the natural antioxidants α-tocopherol (kq = 5.3 × 109 M-1 s-1), uric acid (3.4 × 109), ascorbic acid (2.05 × 109), and glutathione (0.82 × 109). This trend in reactivity is the same as that observed for alternative probes for antioxidants, e.g., triplet-excited benzophenone and the trichloromethylperoxyl radical. Since the quenching of singlet-excited DBO can be readily quantified by means of its long-lived (325 ns in aerated water) and strong fluorescence (λmax ca. 425 nm), this azoalkane serves as the first fluorescent probe for the reactivity of antioxidants. The effects of pH and deuterium substitution and kinetic solvent effects were also examine...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of proton exchange in the ionization and acid dissociation of imidazole in aqueous acidEarle K. Ralph III and Ernest GrunwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 10, 2422–2425Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01038a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calcu...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTPerfect SymmetryThe Accidental Discovery of Buckminsterfullerene J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9782Jim BaggettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 43, 10678Publication Date (Web):October 30, 1996Publication History Published online30 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja965432hCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other ...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE INTERNAL PRESSURE OF LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE FROM SOLUBILITY MEASUREMENTSElton L. QuinnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 3, 672–681Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1928https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01390a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find mo...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Azulenes. I. 2- and 3-Substituted S-GuaiazuleneTyunosin Ukita, Hiroshi Watanabe, and Makoto MiyazakiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 18, 4584–4587Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01647a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Cr...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Principles and Applications of Polarography and other Electroanalytical Processes.Paul DelahayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 18, 5077Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01575a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01575a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the n...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionEllipsometric Approach for the Real-Time Detection of Label-Free Protein Adsorption by Second Harmonic Generation [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2004, 126, 5001−5007].Mark A. Polizzi, Ryan M. Plocinik, and Garth J. SimpsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 3, 1058Publication Date (Web):December 30, 2004Publication History Published online30 December 2004Published inissue 1 January 2005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja042833lCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all inst...

Energy production and storage technologies have attracted a great deal of attention for day-to-day applications. In recent decades, advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology have improved living conditions around the globe. LIBs are used in most mobile electronic devices as well as in zero-emission electronic vehicles. However, there are increasing concerns regarding load leveling of renewable energy sources and the smart grid as well as the sustainability of lithium sources due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase. Therefore, whether LIBs alone can satisfy the rising demand for small- and/or mid-to-large-format energy storage applications remains unclear. To mitigate these issues, recent research has focused on alterna...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Carbohydrates with Nitrogenous Substances.1 III. The Tetraacetates of N-D-GlucosylanilineWard Pigman and K. C. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 14, 3464–3466Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01110a047RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calcula...

Background: The study of networks of affective mental states that play a role in psychopathology may help model the influence of genetic and environmental risks. The aim of the present paper was to examine networks of affective mental states (AMS: ‘cheerful’, ‘insecure’, ‘relaxed’, ‘anxious’, ‘irritated’ and ‘down’) over time, stratified by genetic liability for psychopathology and exposure to environmental risk, using momentary assessment technology. Methods: Momentary AMS, collected using the experience sampling method (ESM) as well as childhood trauma and genetic liability (based on the level of shared genes and psychopathology in the co-twin) were collected in a population-based sample of female-female twin pairs and sisters (585 ...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Coördination Chemistry. VI. The Dielectric Polarization of Some Metal Chelates of N-Alkylsalicylaldimines1L. Sacconi, M. Ciampolini, F. Maggio, and G. Del ReCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 4, 815–818Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01489a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01489a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly up...

Human Golgi phosphoprotein 2 gene (also known as GOLPH2, GP73 or GOLM1) encodes an epithelial-specific Golgi membrane protein which can be induced by virus infection. It is also overexpressed in a number of tumors and is currently considered as an early diagnosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about how GOLPH2 is dysregulated in these disease conditions and the functional implications of its overexpression. The aim of this study is to investigate human GOLPH2 regulation mechanisms. We cloned a 2599 bp promoter fragment of GOLPH2 and found it maintained epithelial specificity. By deletion analysis, a repressive region (-864 to -734 bp), a positive regulatory region (-734 to -421 bp) and a core promoter region (-421 to -79 bp) we...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ELEMENTS OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS.Henry FayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1902, 24, 3, 292–293Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1902Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1902https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02017a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation count...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and chemistry of [Os3(CO)9(.mu.3-CCO)]2-. Metal ensemble effects on the reactions of the CCO ligandMichael J. Went, Michael J. Sailor, Paula L. Bogdan, Carolyn P. Brock, and Duward F. ShriverCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 20, 6023–6029Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00254a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the las...

Steroid hormones progesterone (P4) and 17β-estradiol (E2) not only have important functions in regulation of reproductive processes in mammals but also have direct effects on spermatozoa. There can be induction of the acrosome reaction in ram spermatozoa by P4 and E2 and, in the present study, there was further investigation of mechanisms underlying this effect. In a medium containing agents that increase cAMP, the presence of both P4 and E2 led to changes in the localization of proteins phosphorylated in tyrosine residues evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence. The inclusion of P4 at 1 μM in the media induced an increase in Ca2+i and mobilization in the area of the acrosome (Fluo-4 and Rhod-5 staining, respectively), an increase in ROS (H2DCFDA staining...

Summary: To evaluate the WHO (World Health Organization) algorithm for management of respiratory tract infection (RTI) in HIV-1-infected adults and determine risk factors associated with RTI, we enrolled a cohort of 380 HIV-1-seropositive adults prospectively followed for incident RTI at an outpatient clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. RTI was diagnosed when patients presented with history of worsening or persistent cough. Patients were treated with ampicillin, or antituberculosis therapy when clinically indicated, as first-line therapy and with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as second-line therapy. Five hundred ninety-seven episodes of RTI were diagnosed: 177 of pneumonia and 420 of bronchitis. The WHO RTI algorithm was used for 401 (95%) episodes of bronchitis and 1...

The application of megasonic energy in semiconductor cleaning solutions has been shown to be very effective in improving the particle removal efficiency (PRE). There has been a significant interest in understanding the phenomena of cavitation and acoustic streaming, which are known to play an important role in particle removal during megasonic cleaning. In the present work, transient cavitation in acoustically (∼1 MHz frequency) irradiated aqueous solutions containing different dissolved gases (Ar, N2 and CO2) has been characterized with a 25 μm diameter microelectrode using high resolution cyclic voltammetry. Specifically, using ferricyanide as an electrochemical probe, current transients are obtained as a function of time. A simple mathematical analysis...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Metal Complexes of Glycine Peptides, Histidine and Related Substances1Norman C. Li, Brother Edward Doody, and James M. WhiteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 22, 5859–5863Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01579a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article,...

Exploring high-performance zeolite-supported metal catalysts is of great significance. Herein, we develop a strategy for fabricating isolated single metal atomic site catalysts in Y zeolite (M-ISAS@Y, M = Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Co, Ni, Cu) by in situ separating and confining a metal–ethanediamine complex into β-cages during the crystallization process followed by thermal treatment. The M-ISAS are stabilized by skeletal oxygens of Y zeolite, and the crystallinity, porosity, and large surface area are well inherited in M-ISAS@Y. As a demonstration, acidic Pt-ISAS@Y is used for n-hexane isomerization involving consecutive catalytic dehydrogenation/hydrogenation on Pt-ISAS and isomerization on Brønsted acid sites. The turnover frequency value of Pt-ISAS reaches 727...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-reserpineStephen F. Martin, Slawomir Grzejszczak, Heinrich Rueeger, and Sidney A. WilliamsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 13, 4072–4074Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00299a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1234Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Cr...