A significant improvement of the properties of redox catalysts based on the triarylimidazole framework can be achieved with a simple structural modification. By linking the ortho-carbons of the aromatics positioned at C-4 and C-5, a fused framework is generated, removing the distortion from planarity and enhancing the influence of the substituents on the redox properties. This modification leads not only to a much broader range of available redox potentials for the resulting phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles but also to improved stability of the corresponding radical cation. These concepts were verified with eight new phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives, using cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. For this purpose, an optimized and general synthetic route ...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSemisynthesis of bipyridyl-alanine cytochrome c mutants: novel proteins with enhanced electron-transfer propertiesDeborah S. Wuttke, Harry B. Gray, Stewart L. Fisher, and Barbara ImperialiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 18, 8455–8456Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00071a068RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.C...

RNA oxidation is important in the etiology of disease and as a tool for studying the structure and folding kinetics of this biopolymer. Nucleobase radicals are the major family of reactive intermediates produced in RNA exposed to diffusible species such as hydroxyl radical. The nucleobase radicals are believed to produce direct strand breaks by abstracting hydrogen atoms from their own and neighboring ribose rings. By independently generating the formal C5 hydrogen atom addition product of uridine in RNA, we provide the first chemical characterization of the pathway for direct strand scission from an RNA nucleobase radical. The process is more efficient under anaerobic conditions. The preference for strand scission in double-stranded RNA over single-stranded...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Local Anesthetic Action of Dialkylaminoethoxyethyl p-AminobenzoatesLeone A. Ruberg and R. L. ShrinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 9, 1581–1583Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1935https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01312a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref an...

Background: Cholestasis is a significant life-threatening complication in children on parenteral nutrition (PN). Strategies to prevent/treat PN-associated cholestasis (PNAC) and intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) have reached moderate success with little supporting evidence. Aims of this systematic review were (1) to determine the incidence of PNAC/IFALD in children receiving PN for ≥14 days and (2) to review the efficacy of measures to prevent/treat PNAC/IFALD. Methods: Of 4696 abstracts screened, 406 relevant articles were reviewed, and studies on children with PN ≥14 days and cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin ≥ 2 mg/dL) were included. Analyzed parameters were (1) PNAC/IFALD incidence by decade and by PN length and (2) PNAC/IFALD p...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWASHINGTON LETTER.Paul. WootonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1917, 9, 12, 1149–1150Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1917Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1917https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50096a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50096a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref ...

First-principles quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical free energy calculations have been performed to provide the first detailed computational study on the possible mechanisms for reaction of proteasome with a representative peptide inhibitor, Epoxomicin (EPX). The calculated results reveal that the most favorable reaction pathway consists of five steps. The first is a proton transfer process, activating Thr1-O(γ) directly by Thr1-N(z) to form a zwitterionic intermediate. The next step is nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of EPX by the negatively charged Thr1-O(γ) atom, followed by a proton transfer from Thr1-N(z) to the carbonyl oxygen of EPX (third step). Then, Thr1-N(z) attacks on the carbon of the epoxide group of EPX, accompanied by the ep...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Evidence for the Stereochemistry of Isocitric Acid and Alloisocitric Acid Mechanism of cis-Aconitase ActionOscar Gawron, Andrew J. Glaid III, Anthony LoMonte, and Senophia GaryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 21, 5856–5860Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01554a069RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citati...

ZrO2 thin films have been prepared at room temperature by ion beam induced chemical vapour deposition (IBICVD). Two different sets of samples have been prepared depending on whether O2+ or mixtures O2++Ar+ ions were used for the decomposition of the precursor. The structure, microstructure, surface roughness and optical properties (i.e. refraction index) have been determined for the two sets of samples. The ‘as prepared’ samples were very compact and dense and had a very low surface roughness. The (O2+)–ZrO2 samples were transparent and had a high index of refraction (n=2.20 at λ=660 nm). On the contrary, the (O2+–Ar+)–ZrO2 films showed a greyish aspect after preparation, probably because of the existence of lattice defects in their structure. The...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Ultraviolet Light Absorption of Ethyl Alcohol Purified by Different MethodsPhilip A. Leighton, R. W. Crary, and L. T. SchippCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 8, 3017–3019Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01359a504RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calcu...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzomethine Chemistry. III. Reduction of N-Pyruvylamino Acid Azomethines1,2Richard G. Hiskey and Ralph C. NorthropCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 8, 1753–1757Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01086a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref ...

We report in this study that an oxoiron(IV) porphyrin complex bearing electron-deficient porphyrin ligand, (TPFPP)FeIV=O (TPFPP = meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphinato dianion), shows reactivities similar to those found in oxoiron(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radicals. In the epoxidation of olefins by the (TPFPP)FeIV=O complex, epoxides were yielded as major products; cyclohexene oxide was the sole product formed in the epoxidation of cyclohexene, and stilbenes were stereospecifically oxidized to the corresponding epoxide products. More striking results were obtained in alkane hydroxylation reactions; the hydroxylation of adamantane afforded a high degree of selectivity for tertiary C-H bonds over secondary C-H bonds, and the hydroxylation of cis-1,2-dimethy...

Cholinergic receptor agonists nicotine (nicotinic), carbachol (nicotinic/muscarinic) and pilocarpine (muscarinic) were administered into the hippocampus and mRNA levels of neurotrophins and their receptors determined using in situ hybridisation. Drug doses were carefully chosen to avoid the potentially confounding effects of seizure and cell death. Nicotine caused a long-lasting increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA in all subfields of the hippocampus. The increase was evident from 24 h up to 72 h after drug administration. This increase was dependent on excitatory amino acid neurotransmission as it was blocked by administration of an AMPA or NMDA receptor antagonist. In contrast, carbachol and pilocarpine produced a transient increase in NGF mRNA level...

Abstract The CHaMP project has identified a uniform sample of 303 massive (20–8000 M ⊙ ), dense (200–30,000 cm −3 ) molecular clumps in a large sector of the southern Milky Way that includes much of the Carina Arm. These are the kinds of clumps that are likely to be the precursors to IRDCs, large stellar clusters, and massive stars. We report new results of the physical conditions in these clouds based on the J =1 → 0 emission at 3mm from the HCN molecule. Analysis of the HCN emission from these clumps reveals that the physical conditions in the gas (i.e., the excitation temperature, optical depth, and column density) do not follow the molecular line emissivity in a straightforward way. This means that large fractions of the molecular material invo...

Patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy experience neurotoxic changes in the central and peripheral nervous system. These neurotoxic changes adversely affect functioning in the sensory, motor and cognitive domains. Thereby, considerably affecting autonomic activities like gait and posture. Recent evidence from a range of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested the beneficial influence of music-based external auditory stimulations i.e. rhythmic auditory cueing and real-time auditory feedback (sonification) on gait and postural stability in population groups will balance disorders. This perspective explores the conjunct implications of auditory stimulations during cancer treatment to simultaneously reduce gait and posture r...

We have measured the reaction rate constants of the nitrone spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) with a number of small alkyl and σ parent radicals in dilute aqueous solution using in situ radiolysis time-resolved electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Unsubstituted alkyl parent radicals (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and 1-methylethyl (2-propyl)) had rate constants ranging from 5.6 × 106 to 1.6 × 107 M-1 s-1. Electron-releasing α-hydroxyalkyl radicals (hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxypropyl, and 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl (2-hydroxy-2-propyl)) reacted more rapidly than the unsubstituted radicals with rate constants of (2.2−6.8) × 107 M-1 s-1, while the electron-withdrawing carboxymethyl radical was slower (4.4 × 106 M-1 s-1). The bulky 2-h...

Clean cooking fuels promise substantial health benefits for rural households, but almost three billion people continue to rely on traditional biomass for their cooking needs. We explore the role of gender in the adoption of LPG, a clean cooking fuel, in rural India. Given that women are responsible for most households' cooking needs, we propose that gender inequality is an obstacle to LPG adoption because men may fail to appreciate the full benefits of clean cooking fuels. Using data for 8,563 households from the ACCESS survey, we demonstrate that households where women participant in decison-making are more likely to adopt LPG for cooking than households in which a man is the sole decision-maker. We extend our analytic framework to evaluate the relationship...

This retrospective observational study was carried out by searching the database of the laboratory information system for identifying all requests for alcohol testing placed from emergency departments and intensive care units of the University Hospital of Verona between June 29th, 2012 and December 31st, 2018. The study population consisted of 7488 patients. The number of alcohol tests was more than double in concomitance with New Year’s Eve than in the rest of the year (7.6±6.1 vs 3.1±2.8 requests/day; P<0.001), whereas blood alcohol concentration was similar (1.55 vs 1.12 g/L; P=0.308). The risk of measuring alcohol concentrations >0.1 g/L and >1.0 g/L was 1.9-fold and 1.6-fold higher in concomitance with New Year’s Eve. In multivariate anal...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mechanism of the Thermal Decomposition of 1-Pyrazolines and Its Relationship to Cyclopropane Isomerizations1Robert J. Crawford and Anupama MishraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 17, 3963–3969Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00969a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other article...

A model for the external exposure of the Ukrainian population after the Chernobyl accident was developed. It is based on extensive measurements of external gamma-exposure rates (EGER) in air and of external effective doses of members of five population groups. Questionnaires were used to determine the occupancy times of members of the population groups at three types of locations; inside houses, outdoors, and outside of the home settlement. Behavior factors are defined as the ratio of individual external doses to a reference dose for a phantom standing permanently over an open field with the same average 137Cs activity per unit area as in the settlement. The behavior factors were derived for five population groups (children younger than seven years, the age ...

The objectives were to determine the prevalence and outcome of hypertension, significant microerythrocyturia and proteinuria among children with acute renal failure (ARF) due to Burkitt-type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (BNHL).A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data of children with BNHL/ARF was undertaken.Nine of 23 (39.13%) BHNL/ARF children aged 5-14 years were found to have significant microerythrocyturia and proteinuria as urinary markers of glomerulonephritis (GN). Eight of nine were hypertensive with hypertensive encephalopathy (HTE) in three, and congestive heart failure (CCF)/pulmonary oedema in six. Three of nine patients (33.3%) died from these complications; two from CCF and one from a combination of CCF and HTE. A fourth death was due...

A Professional Sport Organizations (PSO) faces the unique challenge of balancing the commercial interests of a business operation with the expressive identification by its fans and stakeholders. As these organisations move onto the global stage, the internet constitutes a powerful medium for managing this challenge because it allows for the simultaneous projection of different organisational images to different audiences. In this paper, we develop a theory of image communication by PSOs using neo-institutional theory and show that inter-organisational homogeneity dominates the way in which English soccer clubs use their websites to communicate about their images to industry, fans, and community stakeholders. Our results suggest that PSOs underutilise the pot...

(1) A s tudy has been made of the thermo-oxida t ive degradat ion of poly-~acetyldehydroalanine and its complexes with Cu e+, Co s+, N1 ~+ and Zn ~+ and a degradation mechanism has been suggested. (2) Below 350 ° the complexes may be placed in the following order of decreasing thermal stabihty: Zn >Co >Ni >Cu. Translated by R. J A HE!~DRY REFERENCES 1. S. S. IVANOV, Vysokomol. soyed. 5: 1140, 1963 (Not translated in Polymer Sc]. U.S.S.R.) 2 S. S. IVANOV and M. M. KOTON, Vysokomol. soyed. 3: 248, 1961 (l~ot translated m Polymer ScL U.S.S.R.) 3. L. P. GAVRYUCHENKOVA, A. G. BOLDYREV, S. S. IVANOV, M. M. KOTON and E. V. KUVSHINSKH~ Theses of the XIV Conf. of the Hlgh-molec. Compounds Institute of the Academy of Scmnces, U.S.S.R. Izd. Nauka, 1967 4. A. G. BOLDYR...

Public AdministrationVolume 28, Issue 4 p. 336-337 DEVOLUTION OF GOVERNMENT Conference at Queen's University, Belfast, September 1950 R. W. Bell, R. W. BellSearch for more papers by this author R. W. Bell, R. W. BellSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1950 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1950.tb02774.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues...

Vox SanguinisVolume 93, Issue 3 p. 279-279 BOOK REVIEW Guide to the Preparation, Use and Quality Assurance of Blood Components, 13th edition Wolfgang R. Mayr, Wolfgang R. MayrSearch for more papers by this author Wolfgang R. Mayr, Wolfgang R. MayrSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 September 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2007.00965.xCitations: 2 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2007.00965.x Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareabl...

Catalyst layer (CL) is the core electrochemical reaction region of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Its composition directly determines PEMFC output performance. Existing experimental or modeling methods are still insufficient on the deep optimization of CL composition. This work develops a novel artificial intelligence (AI) framework combining a data-driven surrogate model and a stochastic optimization algorithm to achieve multi-variables global optimization for improving the maximum power density of PEMFCs. Simulation results of a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) PEMFC model coupled with the CL agglomerate model constitutes the database, which is then used to train the data-driven surrogate model based on Support Vector Mac...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of Acetate and Pyruvate to Tyrosine in Yeast1Richard C. Thomas, Vernon H. Cheldelin, Bert E. Christensen, and Chih H. WangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 22, 5554–5556Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01118a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01118a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up ...

The hydrodynamical similarities between the bubbly flow in a bubble column and in a pipe with vertical upward liquid flow are investigated. The system concerns air/water bubbly flow in a vertical cylinder of 14.9 cm inner diameter. Measurements of the radial distribution of the liquid velocity, gas fraction and the bubble velocity and size are performed using laser Doppler anemometry for the liquid velocity and a four-point optical fibre probe for the gas fraction, bubble velocity and size. The averaged gas fraction was 5.2% for the bubble column (with a superficial liquid velocity of zero) and 5.5% for the bubbly pipe flow at a superficial liquid velocity of 0.175 m s −1 . From a hydrodynamical point of view, the two modes of operation are very similar. I...

Abstract New neuromorphic architectures and memory technologies with low power consumption, scalability and high-speed are in the spotlight due to the von Neumann bottleneck and limitations of Moore's law. The memristor, a two-terminal synaptic device, shows powerful capabilities in neuromorphic computing and information storage applications. Active materials with high defect migration speed and low defect migration barrier are highly promising for high-performance memristors. Halide perovskite (HP) materials with point defects (such as gaps, vacancies, and inversions) have strong application potential in memristors. In this article, we review recent advances on HP memristors with exceptional performances. First, the working mechanisms of memristors are desc...

Lmo (LIM-domain-only)2 transcription factor is involved in hematopoiesis and vascular remodeling. Sphk (sphingosine kinase)1 phosphorylates sphingosine to S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate). We hypothesized that Lmo2 regulates Sphk1 to promote endothelial cell (EC) migration and vascular development. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Lmo2 and Sphk1 knockdown (KD) were performed in Tg(fli1:EGFP) y1 zebrafish and in human umbilical vein EC. Rescue of phenotypes or overexpression of these factors were achieved using mRNA encoding Lmo2 or Sphk1. EC proliferation in vivo was assessed by BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) immunostaining and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of dissociated Tg(fli1:EGFP) y1 embryos. Cell migration was assessed by scratch assay in human umbilical vei...

The free jet millimeter wave spectra of five isotopomers of the 1:1 complex between ethylene oxide and water have been assigned. The water molecule lies in the plane of symmetry of ethylene oxide perpendicular to the ring; the water hydrogen involved in the hydrogen bond points toward the ring oxygen, while the “free” hydrogen is entgegen to the ring. The H bond parameters are r(Oring···H) = 1.92 Å, ∠(Oring···H−O) ≅ 163°, and ∠(ring−Oring···H) ≅ 103°, respectively. The large differences of the two angles with respect to those of 1,4-dioxane−water and tetrahydropyran−water are mainly due to dipole−dipole interaction energy effects. The MP2 method using a 6-311++G(d,p) is shown to be a reliable approach for this kind of study....

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a recently described mechanism of cell communication, are released from activated microglial cells and macrophages and are a candidate biomarker in diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory process such as multiple sclerosis (MS).We explored cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicle (CSF EV) of myeloid origin (MEVs), cytokine and chemokine levels in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).We found that CSF MEVs were significantly higher in CIS patients than in controls and were inversely correlated to CSF CCL2 levels. MEVs level were significantly associated with an shorter time to evidence of disease activity (hazard ratio: 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.02, p < 0.01) independently from other known prognost...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Peroxy Radicals with Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds. I. Reactivities of Anthracene, α-Benzoanthracene, and Tetracene toward Alkyl Aryl Peroxy RadicalsL. R. MahoneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 3, 444–449Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01057a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the n...

Since the advent of the electron microscope approximately 70 years ago, bacterial viruses and electron microscopy are inextricably linked. Electron microscopy proved that bacteriophages are particulate and viral in nature, are complex in size and shape, and have intracellular development cycles and assembly pathways. The principal contribution of electron microscopy to bacteriophage research is the technique of negative staining. Over 5500 bacterial viruses have so far been characterized by electron microscopy, making bacteriophages, at least on paper, the largest viral group in existence. Other notable contributions are cryoelectron microcopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction, particle counting, and immunoelectron microscopy. Scanning electron micr...

Using multiscaling analysis, we compare the characteristic roughening of ferroelectric domain walls in $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.8}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films with numerical simulations of weakly pinned one-dimensional interfaces. Although at length scales up to ${L}_{\mathrm{MA}}\ensuremath{\ge}5\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ the ferroelectric domain walls behave similarly to the numerical interfaces, showing a simple monoaffine scaling (with a well-defined roughness exponent $\ensuremath{\zeta}$), we demonstrate more complex scaling at higher length scales, making the walls globally multiaffine (varying $\ensuremath{\zeta}$ at different observation length scales). The dominant contributions to this multiaffine scaling ...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphoryl transfer between pyridinesMark T. Skoog and William P. JencksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 10, 3356–3357Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00348a077RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information a...

Disposal of hazardous and toxic waste arising out of combustible cartridge case (CCC)–based explosive munitions is an environmental issue of global concern. A large quantity of CCC waste is disposed of by open burning or detonation because there is no viable waste-disposal technology that is environmentally friendly and is found suitable for bulk treatment available at present. In the present study, the process of alkaline hydrolysis of CCC composition has been studied. It is found that CCCs waste can be suitably treated and neutralized by a simple chemical process (alkaline hydrolysis) that is eco-compliant. It is possible to recover a high proportion of nitrogen (87%) from this waste. The CCC hydrolysate can be suitably used as fertilizer for crop. Pot c...

COVID-19 has emerged as a major cause of health crisis around the world. Psychosocial, Behavioral and metabolic changes especially weight gain, among variety of population was produced in this pandemic, through variety of mechanisms. Hyperlipidemia is one of the major issues that result in serious cardiovascular complications. Governmental strategies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 through closures, lockdowns, and alterations in social interaction have complicated weight management efforts. And immunity being the need of the hour has to be improved to prevent the infection. Guggulsterone (GS) isomers are major bioactive compounds present in Commiphora mukul and Commiphora wighti. Guggulsterone shows anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, im...

All Dutch hospitals are obliged to report their 5-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) rate after breast cancer surgery. Experts decided that these rates should not exceed 5 %. This study determined the value of IBTR as an indicator to compare quality of care between hospitals. All patients with breast cancer (pT1–3, any N, M0) who underwent surgery in 1 of 92 Dutch hospitals from 2003 to 2006 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Data of recurrence was retrieved from hospital records. Five-year IBTR rates for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy were calculated by using the Kaplan–Meier method. Hospital variation was presented in funnel plots. Multivariate analysis was used to assess hospital characteristics associated...

We investigate the anisotropies in the gravitational wave (GW) background produced at preheating after inflation. Using lattice field theory simulations of a massless preheating model, we show that the GW amplitude depends sensitively on the value of the decay product field $\ensuremath{\chi}$ coupled to the inflaton $\ensuremath{\phi}$, with the only requisite that $\ensuremath{\chi}$ is light during inflation. We find a strong anisotropy in the amplitude of the GW background on large angular scales, the details of which strongly depend on the reheating dynamics. We expect similar conclusions for a wide class of inflationary models with light scalar fields. If future direct detection GW experiments are capable of detecting the GW produced by preheating, the...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNarcotine and Hydrastine. A Study of the Mechanism of their Conversion into Narceine, Methylhydrasteine and their Derivatives1C. R. Addinall and Randolph T. MajorCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 5, 2153–2163Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01332a065RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles ...

The study of mare basalts in microwave range will be of great significance to better understand the basaltic units with complex surface contaminations, particularly in Mare Nubium. In this article, the China Chang'E-2 Lunar Microwave Sounder data and the generated normalized brightness temperature (nTB) and brightness temperature difference (dTB) maps are employed to evaluate the basaltic units in Mare Nubium. The results are as follows. First, two regions with hot anomaly are found, which is likely brought by the high substrate temperature. The anomaly in central Nubium is extensive in range and high in intensity. Second, the nTB and dTB performances can pursue the mare deposits contaminated by the impact ejecta, which reveals special mare basalt with the t...

BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an incurable disease and both androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) are closely related to CRPC transition. More knowledge concerning neuroendocrine (NE)-transformed PC cells, the NED process and its association with CRPC, is needed. Expression of growth factor midkine (MDK) is correlated with poor clinical outcomes in various human cancers, including PC. In the present study, we have evaluated MDK expression and NED in two separate tumor groups: early and advanced PC. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of MDK, the neuronal marker tubulin-beta III (TUBB3) and the NE-marker chromogranin A (CGA) in a human archival material consisting of hormone naive (HN)/stage T...

Nucleotides and nucleosides are essential components in all cells. However, nucleotides have not been supplied in parenteral nutrition regimens. We developed a well-balanced nucleoside-nucleotide mixture “OG-VI” and examined its effect in animals under some stressed conditions. OG-VI was composed of 30 mmol/l of inosine, 30 mmol/l of guanosine monophosphate, 30 mmol/l of cytidine, 22.5 mmol/l of uridine and 7.4 mmol/1 of thymidine. The whole body protein turnover increased significantly in rats receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with OG-VI solution after 70% hepatectomy, compared with rats receiving normal TPN without OG-VI (122.1 ± 20.9 mgN · kg−1 · h−1 vs. 97.4 ± 10.1 mgN · kg−1 · h−1, P < 0.01, n = 10). OG-VI significantly enhanc...

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is an important member of the Caliciviridae family and a highly lethal pathogen in rabbits. Although the cell receptor of RHDV has been identified, the mechanism underlying RHDV internalization remains unknown. In this study, the entry and post-internalization of RHDV into host cells were investigated using several biochemical inhibitors and RNA interference. Our data demonstrate that rabbit nucleolin (NCL) plays a key role in RHDV internalization. Further study revealed that NCL specifically interacts with the RHDV capsid protein (VP60) through its N-terminal residues (aa 285–318), and the exact position of the VP60 protein for the interaction with NCL is located in a highly conserved region (472Asp-Val-Asn474; DVN ...

Fifteen male adrenalectomized rats were divided into three equal groups and given powdered Purina diet and a choice between 0.30 M NaCl solution and distilled water. Body weight, intakes of food and fluids, urine output, and urine sodium and potassium concentrations were measured daily during a 7-day control period. At this time, two of the groups were administered 250 and 500 μg deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) per kg body weight per day s.c. in oil. Controls received oil. The measurements listed above were taken for an additional 11 days of treatment. All groups ingested more NaCl solution than water during the control period. When DOCA was begun, both sodium output (meq/day) and intake (meq/day) were reduced proportionately and the linear relationship ...

The formation of lithium-ion batteries is one of the most time consuming processes during production. Conventional formation procedures consist of slow charging and discharging cycles (time span up to days) as it is believed to guarantee good cell performance. A time optimization of conventional formation strategies is necessary in order to reduce the high process costs. In this paper, an electrode equivalent circuit model is developed for predicting the electrode voltages in order to optimize fast charging profiles for NMC622/G batteries. The model is parameterized by 3-electrodetest-cells for the simulation of fast charging profiles by controlling the anodic voltage in order to prevent lithium-plating. The model boundaries of 3 C as maximum current and 10 ...

The object of this paper is to present a theoretical analysis of unconventional forming of tee junction on tube using elastomer rod. The process was performed by applying one continuous compression cycle to the tube and the elastomer simultaneously using a specially developed machine. The slab method was used to obtain a number of equilibrium equations. These equations take into account the induced stresses acting on infinitesimal elements considered at various regions of the formed tee junction. Special geometrical technique was used to maintain continuity between these zones, such as, straight, curved, tee, and domed parts of the tee junction. The experiments were performed on materials with different work hardening characteristics. Comparison between theo...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVinyl Radicals. Stereoselectivity in Hydrogen Atom Transfer to Equilibrated Isomeric Vinyl Radicals1Lawrence A. Singer and Noland P. KongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 22, 5213–5219Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00974a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00974a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views533Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leadi...

Cervical rib/elongated costal process of the seventh cervical vertebra and sacralization of a lumbar vertebra are associated with clinical problems—neurological, vascular, and obstetrical. A previous study reported an association between these morphologies, and suggested that clinicians use presence of one trait to predict presence of the other. This study tested three hypotheses from this association: costal process length among individuals with sacralization differs from that among individuals without sacralization for: (1) only the seventh cervical vertebra, (2) only transitional presacral vertebrae—seventh cervical, twelfth thoracic, and fifth lumbar, and (3) presacral vertebrae in general. Skeletons of 961 individuals between ages 20 and 49 years fr...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of molecular A-frame formation. Reactions of cyclo-octasulfur and sulfur dioxide with dichlorobis(.mu.-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane)diplatinum Pt2Cl2(.mu.-Ph2PCH2PPh2)2 and related binuclear platinum complexesS. Muralidharan, James H. Espenson, and Scott A. RossCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 15, 2557–2562Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00235a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These...

Globally, we are producing more food than the population needs. Subsidising overproduction in Europe is affecting the health of people in both Africa and Europe Being overweight is becoming the norm rather than the exception in most developed countries, and obesity is a serious health problem worldwide.1 Many people see obesity as a lifestyle issue. However, behavioural interventions to prevent obesity in both adults and children have generally been ineffective,2 indicating strong influences beyond individual control. Considerable resources are currently invested in developing drugs to prevent and treat obesity. However, from a societal perspective, prevention of obesity through diet and physical activity should be given priority for both economic and ethica...

Objective To examine psychiatric and somatic correlates of DSM-5 eating disorders (EDs)—anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED)—in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. Method A national sample of 36,309 adult participants in the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions III (NESARC-III) completed structured diagnostic interviews (AUDADIS-5) to determine psychiatric disorders, including EDs, and reported 12-month diagnosis of chronic somatic conditions. Prevalence of lifetime psychiatric disorders and somatic conditions were calculated across the AN, BN, and BED groups and a fourth group without specific ED; multiple logistic regression models compared the likelihood ...

Education ministries in the Caribbean countries have directed considerable attention over the last decade to ‘solving’ the ‘problem’ of boys’ underachievement. Rather than considering such interventions, our central concern in this paper is to revisit debates about the interpretation of the issue, to explore whether boys’ underachievement is indeed a ‘problem’, in the sense of both an empirical reality and an issue requiring political attention. In this paper, we explore contestations over the reality and complexity of educational underachievement and whether this relates to broader political–economic marginalisation (or privileging) of boys. We turn then to explore the relationship between material realities and gendered subjectivities. Ov...

It is now some years since I first drew attention to the discovery of certain very perfect leaf-shaped blades, of Early Solutré type, at Ipswich. These specimens were found during the putting in of deep foundations for a chimney-shaft at the Ipswich Corporation's Power Station in Constantine Road. The blades, which are unabraded, came from below a considerable thickness of gravel, where, it may be supposed, there at one time existed a land surface inhabited by Early Solutré man. This land surface is now buried beneath the Flood Plain terrace of the River Gipping, and is well below the water-table of the locality. It is clear, therefore, that since Early Solutré man lived in the Gipping Valley, a marked sinking of the East Anglian area has taken place. Fol...

In performing host-defense functions, cells of the immune system become activated by soluble chemokine signals and must migrate through endothelial cell or solid tissue barriers to reach sites of inflammation or infection. Regulated adhesive interactions of immune cells with endothelium, extracellular matrix components, and cells of solid organs are critical control points of the overall immune response. Both the soluble chemokine and cell adhesion receptor-mediated migration signals must converge on common intracellular targets to engage the cell migration machinery. In this article, we focus on the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its homolog Pyk2 as cytoplasmic mediators of motility events in multiple cell types. We introduce the overall domain str...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCatalytic Aldol Reaction with Sm(HMDS)3 and Its Application for the Introduction of a Carbon-Carbon Triple Bond at C-13 in Prostaglandin SynthesisHiroaki Sasai, Shigeru Arai, and Masakatsu ShibasakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 9, 2661–2664Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00088a068RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWASHINGTON LETTER.Paul. WootonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1917, 9, 12, 1149–1150Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1917Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1917https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50096a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50096a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref ...

Density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP functional and the split-valence 6-31G* basis set has been used to investigate the structures and conformations of four β-[1→4]-linked disaccharide mimics, 1−4. Systematic functional group substitution at sites near the glycosidic linkage was used to evaluate the effects of sterics and interresidue hydrogen bonding on the preferred glycosidic torsion angles φ and ψ. Using DFT-optimized geometries, the same hybrid functional, and a specially designed basis set, vicinal NMR scalar coupling constants involving carbon (3JCOCH, 3JCOCC) across the glycosidic linkages of 1−4 were calculated as a function of the φ and ψ torsion angles, and the resulting torsional dependencies were compared to recently report...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of Acetate and Pyruvate to Tyrosine in Yeast1Richard C. Thomas, Vernon H. Cheldelin, Bert E. Christensen, and Chih H. WangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 22, 5554–5556Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01118a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01118a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up ...

A membrane receptor for corticosterone (mGR) in the brain of the roughskin newt (Taricha granulosa) has been previously identified. This manuscript reports the evaluation of several chromatographic resins for enrichment of the newt mGR solubilized from neuronal membranes. A protein with an apparent molecular weight of 63 kDa was purified to near homogeneity following sequential purification using ammonium sulfate fractionation, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-agarose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and an immobilized ligand affinity resin (Corticosterone-Sepharose). Other studies employed a novel protein differential display strategy and a photoaffinity labeling strategy to visualize candidate receptor proteins following SDS-PAGE. Both of these t...

COVID-19 has emerged as a major cause of health crisis around the world. Psychosocial, Behavioral and metabolic changes especially weight gain, among variety of population was produced in this pandemic, through variety of mechanisms. Hyperlipidemia is one of the major issues that result in serious cardiovascular complications. Governmental strategies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 through closures, lockdowns, and alterations in social interaction have complicated weight management efforts. And immunity being the need of the hour has to be improved to prevent the infection. Guggulsterone (GS) isomers are major bioactive compounds present in Commiphora mukul and Commiphora wighti. Guggulsterone shows anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, im...

Abstract This article examines the question whether nationalism is state-building or state-destroying. To correct a common over-generalization, the article identifies three kinds of states: ideal nation-states, multinational states, and state-nations. The relation between nationalism, defined as loyalty to the nation, and strength of state is then discussed under each of the three contexts. In ideal nation-state nationalism is unambiguously state-building. In multinational states, whether nationalism is state-building or state-destroying depends on the degree of integration of the nations with the state, which is in turn governed by a set of integrative factors. Finally, in state-nations there is no nation, and thus no nationalism, st the time of state-forma...

Valproic acid (VPA), widely used in clinical contexts for the treatment of seizures and bipolar mood disorder, has neuroprotective properties in cellular and animal models. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its neuroprotection against stroke remain unknown. In the present study, we explored the effect of VPA on experimental ischemic stroke. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min, followed by reperfusion. The animals received a single injection of VPA (300 mg/kg) immediately, 90, or 270 min after the induction of ischemia. Vehicle-treated animals underwent the same procedure with physiological saline. Infarct volume and neurological symptoms were evaluated 24 h after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical sta...

p-Coumaric acid, a hydroxy derivative of cinnamic acid, has been known to possess antioxidant and anticancer activities. Despite its potential contribution to chemopreventive effects, the mechanism by which p-coumaric acid exerts its antiangiogenic actions remains elusive. In this study, we revealed that p-coumaric acid inhibited the sprouting of endothelial cells in rat aortic rings and inhibited the tube formation and migration of endothelial cells. We observed that p-coumaric acid could downregulate mRNA expression levels of the key angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Also, we demonstrated that p-coumaric acid inhibited both the AKT and ERK signaling pathways, which are known to be crucial for angiogen...

Abstract Background In comparison with adults, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children has a milder course. The management of children with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) needs to be appropriately targeted. Methods We designed a hub-and-spoke system to provide healthcare indications based on the use of telemedicine and stringent admission criteria, coordinate local stakeholders and disseminate information. Result Between March 24th and September 24th 2020, the Hub Centre managed a total of 208 children (52% males, median age, 5 . 2, IQR 2–9.6 years) with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Among them, 174 were managed in cooperation with family pediatricians and 34 with hospital-based physicians....

The biofilm plays an important role in NAPL bioremediation, natural attenuation and the flow behaviour of contaminant in porous media. Therefore, NAPL biodegradation in the presence of any bacteria in the porous media needs to be considered for more accurate prediction of contaminant remediation from the soil and groundwater. The complex interaction between the NAPL biodegradation/dissolution and physiochemical bacteria (biofilm) growth which depends on both time and space results in difficulties in simulation of NAPL bioremediation in the porous media. In this work, the natural attenuation process is simulated using three-dimensional pore network models to investigate natural bioremediation and dissolution of NAPL in presence of different heterogeneities ar...

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal of gynecological cancers. Sarcopenia and low Skeletal Muscle Radiodensity (SMD) are highly prevalent in EOC. Cross sectional imaging via MRI and CT are considered the gold standard for quantification of muscle mass and muscle density. Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) and SMD-based thresholds for sarcopenia in EOC vary significantly and specific EOC thresholds for sarcopenia have not been defined.Sarcopenia and low SMD are highly prevalent in EOC affecting between 11-68% and 21-35% of women, respectively. SMD may be a better prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer than SMI. Reduced SMI and SMD may also influence the risk of postoperative complications but further studies are required. There is increasing evide...

Catalytic quantities of phenyllithium (PhLi) have been found to initiate novel 5-exo cycloisomerization of a variety of structurally diverse unsaturated organoiodides. The isomerization reaction appears to be a process of broad synthetic utility for the preparation of iodomethyl-substituted five-membered rings. Primary, secondary, tertiary, or aryl iodides tethered to a suitably positioned carbon−carbon π-bond are converted cleanly to their cyclic isomers in good to excellent yield (i.e., 70−90%) by simply allowing a hydrocarbon−MTBE solution of the iodide to stand in the presence of a small quantity of PhLi at an appropriate temperature. The mechanism of the cycloisomerization was found to be substrate dependent:  unsaturated aryl and primary alkyl...

The common approach to model occupants behaviors in buildings is deterministic and consists of assumptions based on predefined fixed schedules or rules. In contrast with the deterministic models, stochastic and agent based (AB) models are the most powerful and suitable methods for modeling complex systems as the human behavior. In this paper, a co-simulation architecture is proposed with the aim of modeling the occupant behavior in buildings by a stochastic-AB approach and implementing an intelligent Building Energy Management System (BEMS). In particular, optimized control logics are designed for smart passive cooling by controlling natural ventilation and solar shading systems to guarantee the thermal comfort conditions and maintain energy performance. Mor...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Studies on Sphingolipids. IV. The Synthesis of SphingomyelinDavid Shapiro, H. M. Flowers, and Sarah Spector-SheferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 16, 4360–4364Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01525a065RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculate...

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 55, Issue 3 p. 513-521 DESPECIATED PROTEIN VIEWED AS A POTENTIAL PLASMA SUBSTITUTE I. A. Parfentjev, I. A. Parfentjev Department of Microbiology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, ConnecticutSearch for more papers by this author I. A. Parfentjev, I. A. Parfentjev Department of Microbiology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, ConnecticutSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1952 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1952.tb26570.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of arti...

The degradation of river catchments is one of the most important contemporary environmental problems affecting water quality in tropical countries. In this study, we used remotely sensed Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess how catchment condition varies within and across river catchments in Zimbabwe. We then used non-linear regression to test whether catchment condition assessed using the NDVI is significantly (α = 0.05) related with levels of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) measured at different sampling points in thirty-two sub-catchments in Zimbabwe. The results showed a consistent negative curvilinear relationship between Landsat 8 derived NDVI and TSS measured across the catchments under study. In the drier catchments of the country, 9...

The author studied on the various basic methods to measure the difference of biaural pitches by using 35 healthy subjects. These methods were clinically applied to 1) 32 cases of Menieres disease 2) 10 cases of nerve deafness 3) 10 cases of conductive deafness, and following results were obtained.Of 32 cases of Menieres disease. 15 were fresh cases 17 were obsolete cases. 12 of 15 fresh cases and 2 of 17 obsolete cases revealed Pathological Diplacusis (Diplacusis index is over ±2%), In 15 cases of Pathological Diplacusis 12 cases showed higher pitch on diseased ear than on healthy side, and 3 cases showed the reverse. The former group has greater difference of the pitch of both ears.The audiogram of Pathological Diplacusis cases revealed reversible hearing ...

Aim The aim of the study was to review reported falls in critical care units to see whether the causes and results were different from those described in a general hospital population. Methods We reviewed and classified patient safety incidents describing falls from critical care units in the North West of England between 2009 and 2017. The classification reviewed patient and staff factors contributing to the fall, the environment of the fall, and the reported consequences. We then calculated and compared rates of falls in different units. Results There were 914 falls reported, representing only 2.0% of all reported incidents. The median (interquartile range) unit rate was 1.0 falls per 1000 (0.5–1.2) days, and falls were unrelated to the number of single ...

The potential of a sustained release formulation for paracetamol produced by melt pelletisation was investigated. After the production of the pellets, based on the combination of stearic acid as a melting binder and anhydrous lactose as a filler, the 3000–2000 μ m size fraction was selected in the light of the promising in vitro dissolution results for further characterisations, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specific surface area and true density determination. Hence the release mechanism was analysed with the help of an appropriate mathematical model. The mathematical model was built on the hypotheses that drug diffusion and solid drug dissolution in the release environment are the key phenomena aff...

Melanin production from different types of phenoloxidases (POs) confers immunity from a variety of pathogens ranging from viruses and microorganisms to parasites. The arthropod proPO expresses a variety of activities including cytokine, opsonin and microbiocidal activities independent of and even without melanin production. Proteolytic processing of proPO and its activating enzyme gives rise to several peptide fragments with a variety of separate activities in a process reminiscent of vertebrate complement system activation although proPO bears no sequence similarity to vertebrate complement factors. Pathogens influence proPO activation and thereby what types of immune effects that will be produced. An increasing number of specialised pathogens – from para...

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. N-771 is a novel enzyme that possesses a non-heme iron(III) center binding endogenous nitric oxide (NO). It is inactivated by aerobic incubation of cells in the dark, whereas the inactive form is converted to the active one by light irradiation. To clarify the mechanism of activity regulation in the NHase, we investigated the role of NO. When the inactive NHase was irradiated in the presence of Fe(II) ions and a spin trap, N-methyl-d-glucamine dithiocarbamate (MGD), three hyperfine lines from the nitrogen atom of the [(MGD)2-FeII-NO] complex were resolved, indicating that NO was released from the enzyme upon photoactivation. The amount of NO release was obtained as 0.99 ± 0.12 per enzyme (n = 4) by using an NO ...