DNA molecular glue is a small synthetic ligand that can adhere two single-stranded DNAs that do not spontaneously hybridize with each other. For reversible control of DNA hybridization by an external light stimulus, we have developed a photoswitchable molecular glue for DNA. The photoswitchable molecular glue, NCDA, consists of two guanine-recognizing naphthyridine moieties connected with a photochromic azobenzene unit. Azobenzene undergoes a reversible cis/trans isomerization by photoirradiation, which changes the relative orientations and positions of the naphthyridine moieties, resulting into photoswitching of NCDA binding to the DNA containing GG-mismatch. NCDA in the cis configuration binds to a GG-mismatch sequence and induces the formation of the DNA ...

Objective To examine the association between adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top and total and cause specific mortality. Design Large scale population based prospective cohort study in Japan with follow-up for a median of 15 years. Setting 11 public health centre areas across Japan. Participants 36 624 men and 42 970 women aged 45-75 who had no history of cancer, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, or chronic liver disease. Main outcome measures Deaths and causes of death identified with the residential registry and death certificates. Results Higher scores on the food guide (better adherence) were associated with lower total mortality; the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Simple Divergence from Asymmetric Cyclopropane to Lactone AnnulationBarry M. Trost, Shinji Tanimori, and Patrick T. DunnView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11, 2735–2736Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1997Publication History Received3 October 1996Published online19 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja963459vCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1643Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and ...

A new study supports breast cancer screening for women under 50 years old, as the researchers say that most deaths from breast cancer occur in younger women who do not receive regular mammograms. But some experts have queried omissions in the study. Mammography screening remains controversial, with studies showing varying benefits. The NHS breast cancer screening programme routinely invites women over 50 every three years for screening. However, the scheme is in the process of being extended to women from the age of 47. The latest study, published in the journal Cancer , uses a technique called “failure analysis,” which looks backwards from death to discover correlations at diagnosis instead of looking forwards from the start of a study.1 Only one other ...

The origins of the ancient Egyptian state and its formation have received much attention through analysis of mortuary contexts, skeletal material, and trade. Genetic diversity was analyzed by studying craniometric variation within a series of six time-successive Egyptian populations in order to investigate the evidence for migration over the period of the development of social hierarchy and the Egyptian state. Craniometric variation, based upon 16 measurements, was assessed through principal components analysis, discriminant function analysis, and Mahalanobis D(2) matrix computation. Spatial and temporal relationships were assessed by Mantel and Partial Mantel tests. The results indicate overall population continuity over the Predynastic and early Dynastic, ...

ABSTRACT To identify signaling pathways activated by oxycodone self-administration (SA), Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered oxycodone for 20 days using short-access (ShA, 3 h) and long-access (LgA, 9 h) paradigms. Animals were euthanized two hours after SA cessation and dorsal striata were used in post-mortem molecular analyses. LgA rats escalated their oxycodone intake and separated into lower (LgA-L) or higher (LgA-H) oxycodone takers. LgA-H rats showed increased striatal protein phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and MSK1/2. Histone H3, phosphorylated at serine 10 and acetylated at lysine 14 (H3S10pK14Ac), a MSK1/2 target, showed increased abundance only in LgA-H rats. RT-qPCR analyses revealed increased AMPA receptor subunits, GluA2 and GluA...

Venous occlusion capillary pressures (Pcv) were simultaneously compared with isogravimetric capillary pressures (PcI) in the same isolated perfused dog lung preparations. For 26 determinations, PcI averaged 1.23 +/- 0.22 (SE) mmHg higher than Pcv. However, the two measurements of capillary pressure were highly correlated (r = 0.99), and the following regression equation was obtained: Pcv = 1.12 PcI - 2.1. Pcv could be easily measured several times in the same preparation, either by total venous occlusion or regional venous occlusion using a Swan-Ganz balloon catheter. In addition, Pcv did not require an isogravimetric state for its determination. These data suggest that the major sites of filtration and vascular capacitance in the pulmonary circulation resid...

To evaluate the effectiveness of multivitamins and mineral supplements in reducing infections in an elderly population.Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Medline and other databases. Reference lists of identified articles were inspected for further relevant articles.Trials were included if they evaluated the effect of multivitamins and mineral supplements on infections in an elderly population.Studies were assessed for the methodological quality by using the Jadad instrument. If the data required for the analyses were not available from the published articles we requested them from the original study authors. Meta-analysis was undertaken on three outcomes: the mean difference in number of days spent with infection, the odds r...

Mouth-to-mouth ventilation is often refused by laypersons because of hygienic reasons. Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) might reduce the adverse effects of mouth-to-mouth ventilation. We tried to verify the possibility for untrained laypersons to use SADs properly after having read written instructions only. The participants were told to ventilate a manikin using a laryngeal tube (LT). The time to ventilation and the rate of success were recorded. After a practical skill demonstration, a second placement of the LT was performed. A successful placement of the LT was achieved by 53% after the first and 98% after the second attempt. Time to ventilation was 124 s (±45 s) for the first attempt and 12 s (±2.75 s) for the second attempt. Delivering ventilation ...

β-Nucleated isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blends with polyamide 6 (PA6) were prepared with a novel and highly efficient nano-CaCO3-supported β-nucleating agent. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA), glycidyl methacrylate grafted polypropylene (PP-g-GMA), maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene octene) (POE-g-MA), and maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA-g-MA) elastomers were added to the blends as compatibilizers. The nonisothermal crystallization behavior and melting characteristics of β-nucleated iPP and its blends were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the β-iPP content in the β-nucleated iPP blends depended not only on the preparation cond...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement of Cinenic Acid. III.1 Structure and Synthesis of the Lactonic ProductJerrold Meinwald and Ho Chien HwangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 11, 2910–2912Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01568a059RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, ...

To examine the impact of fundoplication on reflux related hospital admissions for children with neurological impairment.Retrospective, observational cohort study. Setting 42 children's hospitals in the United States.3721 children with neurological impairment born between 2000 and 2005 who had at least one hospital admission at a study hospital before their fundoplication.Fundoplication.Incident rate ratio for reflux related hospital admissions, defined as the post-fundoplication admission rate divided by the pre-fundoplication admission rate.Of the 955 285 children born during the study period, 144,749 (15%) had neurological impairment. Of these, 27,720 (19%) were diagnosed as having gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, of whom 6716 (24%) had a fundoplication....

Effects of screens and perforated plates (grids) on free-stream turbulence are studied in several test flow conditions. The level, structure and decay of the turbulence generated by such ‘manipulators’ depend in part on their shear-layer instabilities, and can therefore be modified by inserting additional devices immediately downstream. The performance of screens and some perforated plates is found to depend on the characteristics of the incoming flow such as velocity, turbulence level and spectra. Combinations of perforated plates and screens are found to be very effective flow manipulators. By optimizing the intermanipulator separation and carefully matching the scales between the manipulator pair, the turbulence decay rate downstream of a grid can be ...

Asian Americans are increasingly voting for Democrats in national elections. High levels of Democratic vote choice among Asian Americans are notable because many have high incomes, immigrated from countries with communist histories, or are Evangelical Christians. Why do Asian Americans support Democrats despite these conservative predispositions? I develop a novel theory of “social transmission” to explain Democratic vote choice among Asian Americans. The theory predicts that Asian Americans, who receive limited partisan socialization through the family, develop partisan preferences partly through the diffusion of political views in local contexts. This process leads to Democratic support because Asian Americans tend to settle in liberal metropolitan are...

The new breast cancer screening leaflet for UK women, updated last week after widespread consultation, still fails to spell out the true risks of mammography and denies women the chance to make a properly informed choice, a critic of the NHS’s screening information has said. Susan Bewley, professor of complex obstetrics at King’s College London, told the BMJ that the leaflet does not contain crucial information derived by an independent panel last year: that for every 15 women who are given a diagnosis through screening and who will undergo treatment, only one life will be saved and three women will have been treated unnecessarily. Although the leaflet mentions overdiagnosis, it does not explain the harms of screening and overlooks the increased chance o...

Introduction The aim of this study was to objectively establish the value of the Oncotype DX ® (ODX) gene assay in adjuvant treatment decisions for intermediate risk patients with early, oestrogen receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, lymph node negative breast cancer at a district general hospital. Methods All patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer between January 2015 and December 2017 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in King’s Lynn were considered for inclusion in the study. Those who did not meet the criteria for ODX referral were excluded. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on whether they were treated before or after the introduction of ODX testing in this hospital (June 2016): the pre-ODX and post-ODX ...

The family therapy field encourages commitment to diversity and social justice, but offers varying ideas about how to attentively consider these issues. Critical informed models advocate activism, whereas postmodern informed models encourage multiple perspectives. It is often not clear how activism and an emphasis on multiple perspectives connect, engendering the sense that critical and postmodern practices may be disparate. To understand how therapists negotiate these perspectives in practice, this qualitative grounded theory analysis drew on interviews with 11 therapists, each known for their work from both critical and postmodern perspectives. We found that these therapists generally engage in a set of shared constructionist practices while also demonstra...

Abstract One strain of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (Nostoc sp. PCC 9202) was grown indoors in 1 litre glass air-lift reactors as well as 17 litre polyethylene bags. Temperature dependence of growth-kinetic parameters, as well as of biomass and phycobiliprotein productivities, were determined. Harvesting and phycobiliprotein extraction methodologies are presented. The purification of crude extracts was performed by means of ultrafiltration or (NH4)2SO4 precipitation followed by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Final phycocyanin and phycoerythrin preparations were characterized by purity ratios above 4 and 5, respectively. Phycobiliprotein production cost determination for each purity grade and cumulative phycobiliprotein weight losses along ...

Bisphenol A is not only one of the frequent contaminants of industrial wastewater, but also one of the main ingredients in polycarbonate and epoxy resins. This study synthesizes a pH-triggered Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2 @DPDES adsorbent for recycling Bisphenol A through adsorption–desorption process. Due to the strong [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] interaction between the phenyl groups in diphenyldiethoxysilane modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and Bisphenol A, absorbance reached 120.17[Formula: see text]mg/g at pH 7, allowing the bisphenol A adsorbed to Fe 3 O 4 @mSiO 2 @DPDES to be trivially separated from aqueous solutions with a magnet. Desorption of the adsorbed bisphenol A in aqueous solution occurred at pH 2, allowing an impressive 95% recover...

A 32 year old man presents to you with sudden onset of weakness on the left side of his face. He also says that he is unable to close his left eye. He is otherwise well and last saw a doctor five years ago. He is anxious and thinks he has had a stroke. Associated symptoms —Patients with Bell's palsy commonly feel pain in or behind the ear. Numbness can occur on the affected side of the face. Loss of taste on the ipsilateral anterior two thirds of the tongue is common. Ask about associated hyperacusis and any presence of rash that may indicate herpes zoster. Aetiology —Ask about recent viral infection and recent immunisation. The causes of Bell's palsy are unknown, but the possibilities include viral infection, heredity, autoimmune or vascular ischaemia, ...

Recent work has significantly enhanced our understanding of the centronuclear myopathies and, in particular, myotubular myopathy. These myopathies share similar morphologic appearances with other diseases, namely the presence of hypotrophic myofibers with prominent internalized or centrally placed nuclei. Early workers suggested that this alteration represented an arrest in myofiber maturation, while other hypotheses implicated either failure in myofiber maturation or neurogenic causes. Despite similarities in morphology, distinct patterns of inheritance and some differences in clinical features have been recognized among cases. A severe form, known as X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), presents at or near birth. Affected males have profound global hypoto...

May have a place for some, but improved diet and physical activity will do more good T he number of older people is growing rapidly worldwide. In England alone the number of people older than 65 has more than doubled since the 1930s, and one fifth of the population is now aged 60 or more.1 Ageing, disease, lifestyle, and environmental factors may all impair in older people the acquisition of food and its intake, processing, and metabolism, all leading to poor nutritional status.2 Ageing is also associated with decreases in physical activity and lean body mass and an increase in body fat. The accompanying reductions in energy requirements and intake of food lead to lower intakes of macronutrients and micronutrients.2 Many older people exhibit poor immune resp...

Abstract The main objective of this study was to develop and test the applicability of a sensitive and rapid ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for evaluating a new dosage form for the oral administration of morphine, based on ion pairing with heptane-1-sulphonic acid. Pseudomorphine was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the major degradation product of liquid samples of morphine hydrochloride (used as control) that had been subjected to accelerated decomposition. No degradation product was found in the analyses of tablets. Validation of the method yielded a linear regression r =0.9988; the relative standard deviation was 1.10% at 0.24 mg ml −1 (more than 200 samples). The limits of detection were 0.006 mg ml −1 for...

Patients, methods, and results We reviewed the medical records of patients with a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis who were admitted to the University Hospital of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel between 1984 and 1989. The diagnosis was based on clinical features, laboratory data (raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate), biopsy findings in temporal arteries, good response to corticosteroid treatment, and subsequent course. The study population consisted of 56 patients (31 women, 25 men) aged 60-89 years (mean 75-6 (SD 6 3)). Platelet count was determined as routine with an automated counter (normal range 150-400x 10O/l) before corticosteroid treatment. Patients were assigned to one of two groups based on the presence or absence of transient or permanent visual...

Wavelet thresholding (or shrinkage) attempts to remove the noises existing in the signals while preserving inherent pattern characteristics in the reconstruction of true signals. For data-denoising purpose, we present a new wavelet thresholding procedure which employs the step-down testing idea of identifying active contrasts in unreplicated fractional factorial experiments. The proposed method employs bootstrapping methods to a step-down test for thresholding wavelet coefficients. By introducing the concept of a false discovery error rate in testing wavelet coefficients, we shrink the wavelet coefficients with $p$ -values higher than the error rate. The error rate controls the expected proportion of wrongly accepted coefficients among chosen wavelet coeffic...

Long term follow-up does not support screening women under 60 Before being widely implemented, mammography screening was tested in randomised controlled trials in the 1960s to 80s. Meta-analyses of these trials showed a relative reduction in deaths from breast cancer of between 15% and 25% among women aged 50 to 69.1 2 3 Only the Canadian National Breast Screening Study showed no reduction in breast cancer mortality.1 2 3 This large randomised controlled trial compared physical breast examination with combined physical breast examination and annual mammography in women aged 40 to 59.1 2 3 In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.g366), Miller and colleagues present the results for up to 25 years of follow-up in the Canadian study.4 No difference in breast cancer m...

Abstract The hydrodynamic characteristics of an OWC device coupled with an immersed horizontal plate was explored numerically by utilizing the CFD toolbox OpenFOAM. The influences from the variation of immersed depth (i) and the plate length (l) on related parameters of plate-integrated system, including energy absorption efficiency (ξ), reflection and transmission coefficient ( C r and C t ) and energy dissipation coefficient ( K d ), were examined for an optimal structure configuration. In addition, the novel WEC-plate integrated system was compared with an OWC device mounted over a submerged breakwater at the same immersed depth in terms of hydrodynamic parameters and vorticity field. The results show that the integration with an immersed horizontal plat...

Public Health NursingVolume 37, Issue 5 p. 629-630 EDITORIAL Get out the vote! Patricia J. Kelly, Patricia J. Kelly Thomas Jefferson University, College of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USASearch for more papers by this authorAmanda M. Emerson, Corresponding Author Amanda M. Emerson emersonam@umkc.edu School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USASearch for more papers by this author Patricia J. Kelly, Patricia J. Kelly Thomas Jefferson University, College of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USASearch for more papers by this authorAmanda M. Emerson, Corresponding Author Amanda M. Emerson emersonam@umkc.edu School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USASearch for more papers by this author First p...

The caramel-like aroma compound, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) was quantified and verified by HPLC and GC-MS in the Maillard reaction based on methylglyoxal (MG). The reaction was performed in the 0.5 M phosphate buffer by heating MG with or without either glycine or cysteine at 120 degrees C for 1 h. MG alone or MG with cysteine could produce increased level of DMHF with pH increased, whereas MG with glycine had contrary trend. Experiments using a 1:1 mixture of [(13)C6]glucose and [(12)C6]glucose indicate that in the presence of glycine or cysteine, glucose skeleton kept intact during DMHF formation since a 1:1 mixture of [(13)C6]DMHF and [(12)C6]DMHF was formed. Acetylformoin was detected in the glucose with amino acid reaction system as a ...

To examine whether supplementation with multivitamins and multiminerals influences self reported days of infection, use of health services, and quality of life in people aged 65 or over.Randomised, placebo controlled trial, with blinding of participants, outcome assessors, and investigators.Communities associated with six general practices in Grampian, Scotland.910 men and women aged 65 or over who did not take vitamins or minerals.Daily multivitamin and multimineral supplementation or placebo for one year.Primary outcomes were contacts with primary care for infections, self reported days of infection, and quality of life. Secondary outcomes included antibiotic prescriptions, hospital admissions, adverse events, and compliance.Supplementation did not signifi...

Patients should know the risks, be immunised, and take prophylactic antibiotics S plenectomy may be followed by severe systemic infection because such surgery removes the splenic macrophages that filter and phagocytose bacteria and other bloodborne pathogens. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI), as this complication is called, is uncommon but has high mortality. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection is usually caused by the encapsulated bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae , and Neisseria meningitidis and more than half of those infected die.1 Other pathogens in such infection may include bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,2 Capnocytophagia canimorsus , group B streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Ehrli...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of cyclohexadienones. XXV. Acid-catalyzed [1,2] and [1,5] migrations in linearly conjugated cyclohexadienones. Further evidence for differing types of migration from n- and .pi.-protonated cyclohexadienonesBernard MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 21, 6252–6259Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00724a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usa...

In the existence of appropriate amount of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), precipitation would not occur in seawater and other natural waters even if the sample solution was adjusted to strong basicity, and the NH 3 -OPA-sulfite reaction at the optimal pH range could be used to determine ammonium in natural waters. Based on this, a modified o -phthalaldehyde fluorometric analytical method has been established to determine ultratrace ammonium in natural waters. Experimental parameters, including reagent concentration, pH, reaction time, and effect of EDTA, were optimized throughout the experiments based on univariate experimental design. The results showed that the optimal pH range was between 10.80 and 11.70. EDTA did not obviously affect the flu...

We need an integrated medical and veterinary approach T he World Health Organization defines veterinary public health as, “The sum of all contributions to the complete physical, mental and social well-being of humans through an understanding and application of veterinary medical science.”1 With this definition every veterinary surgeon contributes to public health, whether through provision of health care for pets, protection of animal welfare, biomedical research, or ensuring adequate food animal production and food safety. Veterinary public health impacts on human health by reducing exposure to hazards arising from animals, animal products, and their environment. Examples of these hazards include zoonoses, vector borne infections and other communicable ...

Sixty-gigahertz power (PA) and low-noise (LNA) amplifiers have been implemented, based on algorithmic design methodologies for mm-wave CMOS amplifiers, in a 90-nm RF-CMOS process with thick 9-metal-layer Cu backend and transistor f T /f MAX of 120 GHz/200 GHz. The PA, fabricated for the first time in CMOS at 60 GHz, operates from a 1.5-V supply with 5.2 dB power gain, a 3-dB bandwidth >13 GHz, a P 1dB of +6.4 dBm with 7% PAE and a saturated output power of +9.3...

Essential Medicine policy is a important component of China's undergoing healthcare reform,while the essential medicine list(the "EML") is the core of the essential medicine policy. On August 18, 2009, China issued national essential medicine list (the "NEML",1st edition) with 205 western medicines and 102 traditional Chinese medicines(the "TCM") in it, and each province can add further medicines to the NEML to form its own provincial essential medicine list (the "PEML") under specific circumstances. This paper aims at supporting for the next round adjustment of the NEML through analyzing the situation of addition to the NEML by each province. To study the addition to the NEML by each province, this paper analyzes the number of medicines added to NEML in all...

Overusing antibiotics is not the only cause and reducing use is not the only solution W arning signs of antimicrobial resistance, chinks in the antimicrobial armour, began to appear in the middle of the last century, and by the 1990s various reports had signalled the dangers of excessive or inappropriate use of antibiotics in clinical medicine and of the use of antibiotics in animal feed as growth promoters.1–3 Overuse of antimicrobials emerged as the main culprit, and reducing their use was seen as the answer. But it may not be that simple. The idea that reducing antibiotic use would redress the problem formed part of a positive response on the part of the United Kingdom government to the House of Lords report,1 including a public information campaign, su...

Background: Although the level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) before discharge is a well-known predictor for prognosis among chronic heart failure patients, its impact on patients with implantable left ventricular assist device (iLVAD) is still uncertain. Methods: Those who received iLVAD implantation between 2008 and 2016 in our institute and have been followed up for >1 year were enrolled. Those who were converted from extracorporeal VAD, who deceased, or received heart transplantation within 1 year after iLVAD implantation were excluded. Endpoint was re-hospitalization due to cardiac causes (arrhythmia, right ventricular failure: RVF, aortic insufficiency). Results: Fifty-six patients (male: 43, age 40.0 ± 13.4 years) were enrolled. Follow-up period...

Sleep deprivation (SD) upsurges intracellular levels of adenosine, impairs adult neuronal cell proliferation (NCP) and cognition while caffeine, a non-selective adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) antagonist improves cognition and adult NCP during SD. We examined the selective antagonistic effects of adenosine A1R using 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (8-CPT) on impairment of spatial reference memory and adult NCP during 48 h SD. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were sleep deprived for 48 h, using an automatic cage vibrating stimulus based on animal activity. Spatial reference memory was tested as a measure of cognitive performance employing Morris Water Maze. Rats were given 8-CPT dissolved in 50% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), twice daily (10 mg/kg, i.p.) along with ...

Researchers investigated the effects of a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal morbidity in a group of women at risk of fetal macrosomia (large for gestational age infants). A randomised controlled superiority trial was performed. The intervention consisted of a low glycaemic index diet from early pregnancy. The control treatment was no dietary intervention. Participants were women without diabetes, all in their second pregnancy, who had previously delivered an infant weighing greater than 4000 g. In total, 800 women were recruited and randomised to the intervention (n=394) and control treatment (n=406).1 The primary outcome was birth weight and the secondary outcome gestational weight gain. The mean birth weight for the interventio...

Women need more balanced information The Swiss Medical Board, an independent health technology assessment consortium, recently reviewed the evidence for breast cancer screening and made recommendations to its government. The board noted that the current debate on the benefits and harms of mammography screening is based on outdated randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and that it was “non-obvious” that the benefits outweighed the harms.1 They recommended that no new mammography screening programmes should be introduced in Switzerland and that the existing ones should be phased out.1 The Swiss Medical Board relied on a review by another panel: the Independent United Kingdom Panel on Breast Cancer Screening.2 Using data from the published RCTs, the UK panel ...

The high use of pesticides worldwide and the constant exposure of humans to these toxic-by-design chemicals have drawn the attention on the possible consequences on human health. However, information on the exposure of the general population to pesticides remain very limited in most countries, especially in urban areas. In the present work, hair analysis was conducted to investigate the exposure of 204 urban women living in two Chinese cities (Baoding and Dalian) to 110 pesticides and 30 metabolites of the following families: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazoles, acid herbicides, urea herbicides and azoles. Results showed that 71 pesticides and 23 metabolites were found in the hair samples, with concentr...

To study the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, 204 healthy individuals were randomized into three equal groups, each to receive a different vaccine lot. Each subject received a total of three doses, each of 720 ELISA units of hepatitis A vaccine HM175, according to a 0 and 1 month primary vaccination schedule, with a booster dose given at month 6. Side effects were low and were < 30% after the second injection. All subjects but one had antibodies to hepatitis A virus two months after the first dose of vaccine. At month 6 all vaccinees had seroconverted. There were no differences between the three vaccine lots with respect to side effects, seroconversion rates and geometric mean titre of antibodies. We conclude that the ...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant ManagementWalter von PechmannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 3, 95A–96APublication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50447a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50447a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossre...

The (bio)adhesivity of several chitosan chloride samples was screened in vitro and compared with hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC), Carbopol 934P and polycarbophil by a force of detachment method. This revealed differences between samples, but was judged to be insufficient to describe the bioadhesive behaviour of fully hydrated chitosan. Therefore, an ex vivo method was designed, where freshly excised cattle corneas were treated with tritiated chitosan in solution. The contact time, pH, ionic strength and chitosan molecular weight were investigated by means of factorial design, and were shown to have significant effects on the adsorption. In addition, interactions were seen between the parameters. These effects were not seen when chitosan was incubated wi...

We introduce a class of synthetic oligonucleotides, referred to as primer-restriction-end (PRE) adapters, which are bifunctional, one end serving as a primer for a polymerase reaction, while the other end can be ligated to restriction endonuclease digested DNA. Use of such adapters forms the basis of a new method for inserting single-stranded cDNA into cloning vectors, which involves very few separate biochemical modifications of the cDNA and so is appropriate when extensive fractionation of cDNA is desired prior to cloning. This novel methodology is highly efficient in producing full-length cDNA cloned in a predictable orientation within vectors, as we demonstrate by constructing and analysing clones of immunoglobulin lambda light chain cDNA in Escherichia ...

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Its risk and severity have been linked to colonic bacterial community composition. Although human-specific viruses have been linked to other cancers and diseases, little is known about colorectal cancer virus communities. We addressed this knowledge gap by identifying differences in colonic virus communities in the stool of colorectal cancer patients and how they compared to bacterial community differences. The results suggested an indirect role for the virome in impacting colorectal cancer by modulating the associated bacterial community. These findings both support the idea of a biological role for viruses in colorectal cancer and provide a new understanding of...

Previous studies of postmortem orbitofrontal cortex have shown abnormalities in levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD). We have previously measured PUFA levels in the postmortem hippocampus from patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and control subjects; however, we found no significant differences between the groups except for small changes in n-6 PUFAs. Furthermore, our study of the postmortem amygdala showed no significant differences in major PUFAs in individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or MDD in comparison with controls. In the present study, we investigated whether there were any changes in ...

Abstract Thermal decompositional studies on bis-ethylxanthato-nickel(II) and tris-ethylxanthato-iron(III) were carried out leading to stoichiometric, dirty green-coloured, NiO and α-Fe 2 O 3 . When a mixture of the xanthato complexes containing a Ni:Fe atom ratio of 1:2 was decomposed, a mixed metal oxide nickel ferrite, NiFe 2 O 4 , could be obtained at about 700°C. Kinetic parameters such as the activation energy. E a , and the order of the reaction, n , were calculated using the methods of Freeman and Carroll, Arrhenius, and Borchardt and Daniels. The composition, E a , and composition—decomposition temperature diagrams were found to be clearly indicative of the formation of a definite reaction product at a certain composition. Mechanistic and non-mec...

Anti-phosphocholine (PC)-keyhole limpet hemacyanin hybridomas representative of a memory response that express the lambda 1 L chain isotype have a high reactivity to PC-protein. A common feature of these hybridomas possessing high affinity for PC-protein is the occurrence of somatic mutations resulting in replacement changes in three CDR2 positions of the lambda 1 L chain. The influence of each of these three positions on the Ag binding properties of these antibodies was examined by site-specific mutagenesis and expression of recombinant antibody molecules by transfected cells. Affinity measurements and fine specificity profile determinations demonstrated the importance of the three lambda 1 CDR2 positions in Ag binding. Compared to antibodies expressing ger...

We propose a new type of ammonia sensor with polyaniline (electroconducting polymer) as the sensitive element. Such sensors are characterized by high sensitivity, wide range of measured concentrations (1–2000 ppm) and high stability of electrical parameters. The use of polyaniline ensures high chemical stability of the sensors in oxidizing ambients. A sensor design based on a silicon chip custom-packed into a linear plastic case is presented. The chip is provided with a system of heaters and thermometers to check the temperature regime of sensor operation. We have studied I – V curves, temperature, concentration and kinetic characteristics of the sensors, as well as their ageing. The possibility for thermoregeneration of the sensor parameters after long-...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphonation with a Phosphite Ester of PropanediolF. W. Mitchell Jr. and H. J. LucasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 12, 5779Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01168a535RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more ...

Abstract The properties of glycoproteins and, particularly, their range of heterosaccharide moieties (glycans) have become the subject of increasing interest during the past twenty years. Evidence is accumulating, from studies of glycoprotein biosynthesis, which suggests that heterogeneity of glycoproteins is not generally due to a ‘poor preparative technique' but, rather, is a feature of biosynthesis. In an attempt to explain the significance of heterogeneity, we propose that the events which control biosynthesis are sensitive to extracellular stimuli and, consequently, yield certain ‘acute-phase' glycoproteins which may contain an altered profile of N -glycans. The nature and quantity of circulating, protein-bound N -glycans may influence the immune re...