The relative effect of climate change and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is essential not only for understanding the hydrological mechanism over Jiangxi province in China but also for local water resources management as well as flood control. This study quantitatively researched in-depth information on climate change in Jiangxi using the up-to-date “ground truth” precipitation and temperature data, the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE, 1961–2015, 0.25°) data; analyzed the connections between ENSO and climate factors (including precipitation and temperature); and discussed the relationships between the ENSO and climate change. The main findings of this study were...

HistoryVolume 104, Issue 362 p. 742-744 Reviews and Short Notices Motherhood and Meaning in Medieval Sculpture: Representations from France, c.1100–1500. By Marian Bleeke. Boydell. 2017. xii + 199pp. £60.00. CATHY OAKES, CATHY OAKES University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author CATHY OAKES, CATHY OAKES University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-229X.12825Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms an...

We aimed to address the impact of OSA and its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this current analysis of the revascularized ACS subgroup (n = 353) of the Randomized Intervention with CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (RICCADSA) trial (Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; No: NCT 00519597), participants with non-sleepy OSA (apnea-hypopnea-index [AHI] ≥ 15 events/h on a home sleep apnea testing, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] score < 10; n = 171) were randomized to CPAP (n = 86) or no-CPAP (n = 85). The sleepy OSA patients (AHI ≥ 15 events/h and ESS ≥ 10) who were offered CPAP, and t...

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a component of a system that drives and modulates affective behavior. Some forms of affective behavior are regulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and enhanced by dopamine (DA). By using intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological techniques in anesthetized rats, our studies attempt to uncover cellular mechanisms that allow for regulation of affect by PFC-induced inhibition of BLA output and plasticity, as well as mechanisms by which DA enhances affective behavior via modulation of BLA neuronal excitability, afferent input and plasticity. We have found that stimulation of medial PFC (mPFC) results in a profound inhibition of BLA output, manifest as a suppression of spontaneous, intracellular current-driven or senso...

Introduction There are significant investments in health research capacity development in the ‘global-south’. The monetary value of contributions from institutions running these programmes is not known. Methods Using the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) as a case study we estimate in-kind contributions made by consortium members. We measured unpaid hours of labour contributed by consortium members and converted this to full-time equivalents. We assigned a monetary value to the time contributed by staff based on salaries by seniority and region. We estimated the monetary value of the contribution made by the African institutions that hosted CARTA events by comparing the difference in cost between university-hosted events with th...

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This is the first study to provide data on predisposition of breast cancer susceptibility genes with associated clinical and pathological aspects in the UAE.Material & methodsA retrospective chart review for breast cancer patients undergoing genetic testing from 2016 to 2018. According to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines genetic testing was offered. The analyzed data included; age, ethnicity, family cancer history, pathogenic variant, histopathology, stage, molecular subtype and proliferation.Results309 patients underwent genetic testing with a positive result in 130 patients (11.9%) over a period of 36 months. In 34.6% pathogenic and likely patho...

• A brief introduction about the phase behavior of coil-coil, rod-coil and rod-rod block copolymers (BCPs) is presented. • The charge transport mechanism in conjugated polymers is presented. • Recent developments in controlling the crystalline structure and morphology of conjugated rod-rod BCPs are introduced. • Applications of conjugated rod-rod BCPs in OPVs and OFETs are introduced. Conjugated rod-rod block copolymers (BCPs) have attracted considerable attention during the past decade as they possess both the interesting microphase-separated characteristics of BCPs and the excellent optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers. As a consequence, impressive advances in conjugated rod-rod BCPs have been achieved both as model systems for systemat...

Ergonomics position is the position that should be done while working on a such procedure to improve work security, work efficiency and reduce risk factors. Nurses are the health workers with the biggest exposure risk factor. The results of the preliminary study showed that more than 50 percent of the students are still doing the wrong position when performing nursing interventions. This study was conducted at Nursing Study Program of Udayana University wich aims to know the effect of comprehensive ergonomic program on ergonomic position of students when performing nursing interventions. A quasy experimental design with action research application was used to analyze the effect of an ergonomic program on knowledge, attitude and behavior of nursing students. ...

Abstract The conformational behaviour of Ar 2 CH(CN)CH(Ar 1 )CH 2 COR (R  OCH 3 ; N(CH 3 ) 2 ; Ar 1  Ph; Ar 2  Ph or 1-naphthyl) has been investigated by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The vicinal proton-proton coupling constants were used together with those of carbon-proton couplings to provide information on the conformational preference in the compounds studied. The conformational distribution with respect to the C(2)C(3) bond is shifted to the conformation having trans Ph and COR groups. Coupling constants involving the cyano carbon atom and the methine proton are J g CN,H = 2.0 Hz and J t CN,H = 14.1 Hz. The conformation with the cyano group and the methine proton trans to each other, with gauche-oriented protons around the C(3)C(4) bond...

An ultra-high-performance cement-based composite (UHPCC) with excellent mechanical behaviors and self-perceived properties was successfully prepared in this work. The effects of silane-treated graphene nano-platelets (ST-GNPs) on the fluidity, porosity, degree of hydration, mechanical behaviors, and self-perceived properties of UHPCC were investigated. The results revealed that the fluidity of UHPCC fresh mortar is directly related to ST-GNPs content. The fluidity decreases as the amount of ST-GNPs increases. Furthermore, when the amount of ST-GNPs was 0.05%, the porosity of UHPCC was found to be 11.5%, and the compressive strength and flexural strength reached the maximum value of 142.5 MPa and 23.8 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the microstructure of the...

In many unconventional superconductors, the pairing of electrons is driven by the repulsive interaction, which leads to the sign reversal of superconducting gaps along the Fermi surfaces (FS) or between them. However, to measure this sign change is not easy and straightforward. It is known that, in superconductors with sign reversal gaps, non-magnetic impurities can break Cooper pairs leading to the quasiparticle density of states in the superconducting state. The standing waves of these quasiparticles will interfere each other leading to the quasiparticle interference (QPI) pattern which carries the phase message reflecting also the superconducting gap structure. Based on the recently proposed defect-bound-state QPI technique, we explore the applicability o...

Polymer flooding is an important tertiary recovery method. However, even after its application, more than 50% of the oil remains in the formation layers. It is thus important for efficient resource use that both residual oil distribution and the mechanisms associated with polymer flooding are better understood. In the work described in this paper, a series of in situ X-ray tomography experiments were carried out, and different displacement stages were imaged. Then, rock, water, oil, and polymer were identified in the imagery and quantified, while interchanges among the different types of residual oil, and their associated microscopic polymer displacement mechanisms, were discussed. We also studied the impact of permeability on polymer flooding efficiency, an...

40 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AZ http://www.foundlingmuseum.org.uk/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]![Graphic][2]![Graphic][3]![Graphic][4] Stigma, separation, segregation, and loss—the Foundling Museum, which opened in London's Bloomsbury last month, tells a sad tale. How could it be otherwise? Among the most affecting objects are the small tokens mothers attached to their babies when they left them to the care of the Foundling Hospital, hoping one day to reclaim the children they could not support. Between its inception in 1741 and its closure in 1953 the hospital, founded by the childless philanthropist Thomas Coram, looked after 27 000 deserted children. Admitted when they were under a year, babies were baptised by the hospital, given ...

This research aims to analyse the dynamics of the book value of assets of a cross-section of Italian insurers in a medium/long period of time (from 1998 to 2012), correlating this with Italian nominal GDP. Subsequently, to permit more in-depth investigation of these dynamics, the research, based on a quantitative method, moves from an analysis of the absolute values to analysis of the rates of change of the assets book value with those of the Italian GDP. Lastly, for more analysis, attention has been focused on certain assets considered particularly significant. In this way, this research correlates macroeconomic variables with some of the most important financial variables (assets) in a medium/long period of time, that cover years both before and after the ...

The temporospatial expression pattern of four immediate early genes (IEGs) (c-fos, c-jun, junB, NGFI-B) following 30 min of global ischemia was investigated in rat brains by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (c-fos). All examined IEG mRNAs, as well as Fos-like immunoreactivity, increased transiently in vulnerable and resistant brain regions following ischemia, but the induction profiles were distinct. Ischemia caused a post-ischemic early-onset, transient c-fos induction in wide-spread regions, as well as a late-onset induction restricted to vulnerable regions. Late-onset c-fos induction was observed in the CA1 region and the ventral thalamus but not in the striatum or neocortex, where neurons degenerate at a quicker pace. After recirculation, c...

Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are robots that operate in underwater environment and do not need involvement of an operator when performing some tasks. In order to move independently in water environment, AUVs need navigation capabilities, on the one hand, they have to be able to detect obstacles and avoid them, and on the other hand, they also have to know their own position and spatial orientation, at least course. With regard to the orientation, there are many various solutions like inertial systems, inclinometers, magnetic compasses, optical gyro–compasses, whereas, position due to unavailability of GPS requires solutions dedicated to underwater environment such as inertial navigation. To this end, information about spatial orientation ...

Aims Bladder wall stretch increases tissue tension and releases adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) as part of a transduction process to sense bladder filling. Aging is associated with bladder fibrosis to produce a stiffer bladder wall: this may augment ATP release and contribute to age-dependent urgency. Muscarinic agonists also release ATP and present a potential target for antimuscarinic agents, but its age-dependency is unknown. This study aimed, in young and old mice, to: (a) quantify the relationship between bladder wall stiffness and stretch-dependent ATP release and; (b) characterize muscarinic agonist-dependent release. Methods ATP release from young (9-12 weeks) and aged (24 months) mouse bladder wall was measured in vitro, with a luciferin-luciferase ...

Care pathways are primarily aimed at decreasing length of hospital stay (LOS) and preventing unnecessary costs while maintaining or improving the quality of care. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there is insufficient evidence for proving an impact upon postoperative complications.In this retrospective study, logistic regression was used to calculate a propensity score, and, after carrying out 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching, 296 patients were analyzed in both groups with regard to postoperative complications using the Clavien-Dindo classification system as a primary aim. In addition, secondary aims were LOS, compliance to care, and deviation from the care pathway with respect to patient discharge. Relative risk of the primary outcome was calculated and compar...

Freshly-harvested seeds of several common weeds showed little or no promotion of germination by light. However, after burial for 6 months, germination becomes entirely dependent on exposure to light. Red light promoted the germination of the buried seeds, and this promotion was reversed by far-red light, indicating phytochrome involvement. Freshly-harvested seeds were made light-requiring by treatment with mannitol. The germination of these light-requiring seeds was promoted by red light, gibberellic acid (GA), acetylcholine (ACh), and adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The phytochrome response may trigger ACh synthesis which causes the release of GA from a bound form and/or GA synthesis which enhances the production of cyclic AMP which initiate...

Quail child has a tremendous potential to continue further descent because quails have almost all the potential that can be exploited by humans, either for consumption or economic. Children quail superior quality can be produced from superior quality parent, so the parent quail quality must be considered. Additional food in the form of powder turmeric supplements can increase the phytoestrogen which stimulates the liver to produce vitellogenin as the material forming the yolk. Egg yolk is a source of nutrients for the development of quail embryos. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the quality of the parent male quail chicks were given supplements of turmeric powder to the testis weight, testis size, number of spermatogonia and spermatids amount ...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension-congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) is characterized by systemic to pulmonary arterial shunts and sensitively responds to volume overload and stretch of the vascular wall leading to pulmonary vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that the responses of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) to mechanical stress-associated volume overload may promote vascular remodeling in PAH-CHD. Here, we show that significantly increased collagen was in the PA adventitial layer by trichrome staining in PAH-CHD patients and an aortocaval fistula (ACF) rat model in which chronic vascular volume overload induced-PAH. We assessed the gene expression profiles of SMC markers, extracellular matrix, and collagen in isolated SMCs from pulmonary a...

Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are nature-inspired, swarm-based optimization algorithms respectively. Though they have been widely used for single-objective optimization since their inception, they suffer from premature convergence. Even though the hybrids of GSA and PSO perform much better, the problem remains. Hence, to solve this issue we have proposed a fuzzy mutation model for two hybrid versions of PSO and GSA - Gravitational Particle Swarm (GPS) and PSOGSA. The developed algorithms are called Mutation based GPS (MGPS) and Mutation based PSOGSA (MPSOGSA). The mutation operator is based on a fuzzy model where the probability of mutation has been calculated based on the closeness of particle to population centr...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore, describe and interpret two research questions: How do persons with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse problems, living in supportive housing, experience belonging? How do residential support staff experience promoting a sense of belonging for persons with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse problems, living in a supportive housing? Design/methodology/approach Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with five persons with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse problems living in supportive housing in a Norwegian district. In addition, one semi-structured focus group was conducted with nine residential support staff. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyze...

Purpose To increase evidence-based medicine (EBM) instruction within the confines of reduced resident work hours. Method In 2001–02, the authors designed and implemented an EBM curriculum for residents on an inpatient medicine service at Stanford University Medical Center. Thirty-six residents were assigned the hospitalist rotation in its pilot year. Attendings introduced EBM concepts and Internet resources. During daily rounds, housestaff presented patient-based EBM literature search results. After the rotation, residents were given a questionnaire on which they were asked to rate the impact of the curriculum on their understanding of 20 EBM terms or practice skills (1 = no effect to 5 = strong effect). Results Twenty-three residents (64%) completed the q...

Although strong acid-treated metal oxides are useful heterogeneous superacid catalysts for various organic transformations, they usually have a limited density of acidic sites due to their low surface areas. Herein, heterogeneous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid immobilized nitrogen-doped carbon-incarcerated titanium nanoparticle (NP) catalysts have been developed that are composed of well-dispersed, small Ti NPs (ca 7 nm) that are otherwise difficult to achieve using acid-treated metal oxides. The catalysts showed high activity for Friedel-Crafts acylation with low titanium loading (2 mol%,

Abstract Amidephrine, a phenethanolamine with a methylsulfonamido radical at the m -position on the benzene ring, exhibited sympathomimetic effects attributable to selective stimulation of the adrenergic α-receptor. The effects included (1) high affinity for isolated tissues classically identified as prominent α-receptor sites and complete blockade of the amidephrine-evoked responses of these tissues by phentolamine, (2) pronounced ineffectiveness on isolated tissues populated chiefly with s-receptors, (3) potent mydriatic action in the rabbit and selective antagonism of this effect by phentolamine and (4) potent stimulant action on the smooth muscle of the cat nictitating membrane, the latter action not affected significantly by short-term reserpine pretr...

Objective The understanding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) pathogenesis remains incomplete. This review assessed LN development in SLE, within-LN progression and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods A keyword-based literature search was conducted, and 26 publications were included. Results Overall, 7–31% of patients had LN at SLE diagnosis; 31–48% developed LN after SLE diagnosis, most within 5 years. Class IV was the most commonly found LN class and had the worst prognosis. Histological transformation occurred in 40–76% of patients, more frequently from non-proliferative rather than proliferative lesions. Cumulative 5- and 10-year ESRD incidences in patients with SLE were 3% and 4%, respectively, and 3...

This study aims to provide some experience in diagnosis and treatment of unexpected gallbladder cancer (UGBC) and find the major risk factors. Retrospective data were collected and analyzed on 22 patients who were diagnosed with UGBC during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2013 to January 2018 at our hospital. Average age of the patients was (60.2 ± 12.8) years (range, 42–83 years). Among them, there were 6 men and 16 women. Gallbladder stones, atrophic gallbladder, uneven thickened wall of the gallbladder, and choledocholithiasis were found to be the major risk factors. Eight patients (36.4%) were diagnosed intraoperatively. Seven cases (31.8%) were at the T1 stage; of these, three were treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy; two wer...

Water table depth influences ground-coupled heat transfer through the foundation of residential buildings and impacts energy consumption required for heating and cooling. Knowledge of water table depth in Australia is required to determine the extent of this impact on Australian housing. This study conducts a review of water table depth data in Australia and presents a case study indicating that 46% of Victoria’s Urban Growth Zone has water table depths estimated to be less than 5 ​metres. Houses built here with no insulation to the slab and on average soil type would have a 24%–54% higher heat loss than if there was no water table. The degree of impact varies with changing water table depth in different locations and over time. The uncertainty associa...

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a severe disease of small ruminants and has high economic impacts in developing countries. Endemic in Africa, the Middle East and Asia, the disease is currently progressing with occurrences reported in North Africa, Turkey and in Georgia, and now threatens Europe. Much remains unknown about the infection dynamics, the virulence of the different strains and species/breed susceptibility. Robust experimental challenge models are needed to explore these fields and to confirm the efficacy of currently sold vaccines. We first assessed virulence of two PPR virus strains (CI89 and MA08) in Saanen goats. Whereas the MA08 strain led to classical severe clinical signs of PPR, the CI89 strain appeared to cause a mild disease in Saanen...

Research on tuning the magnetic anisotropy of magnetic heterostructures has been receiving intensive attentions due to their intriguing tuning phenomena. In particular, tuning the magnetic anisotropy by in situ magnetic field during the fabrication process allows a remarkable control of magnetism with energy efficiency and shows significant potential applications for compact, fast, and low-power microwave and electronic devices. In this paper, in situ external out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic fields were applied during the deposition of Fe3O4 thin films on Pt substrates by atomic layer deposition at different temperatures (350 °C, 400 °C, and 450 °C). The effects of in situ magnetic field with different directions on the surface morphologies and magneti...

Land, Labour and Livelihoods in Rural South Africa: Volume One: Western Cape. Edited by Michael Lipton, Mike de Klerk and Merle Lipton. Durban: Indicator Press, 1996. Pp.496. ISBN 1 86840 234 7 Land, Labour and Livelihoods in Rural South Africa: Volume Two: KwaZuIu‐Natal and Northern Province. Edited by Michael Lipton, Frank Ellis and Merle Lipton. Durban: Indicator Press, 1996. Pp.480. ISBN 1 86840 234 7 Political Ecology, Mountain Agriculture, and Knowledge in Honduras. By Kees Jansen. Amsterdam: Thela Publishers, 1998. Pp.277. NP. ISBN 90 5538 030 X Cultural Politics in the Third World. By Mehran Kamrava. London: UCL Press, 1999. Pp.viii + 182. £13.95. ISBN 1 85728 265 5 Global Public Goods: International Co‐operation in the 21st Century. Edited by I...

A strategy to utilize the nonlinear optical borate as the photoluminescent host is proposed in order to gain enhanced 4f-4f transitions because there exists a high probability of Eu3+ locating in a noncentrosymmetric coordination, serving as the near ultraviolet LED pumped red phosphor. With such a rationale, La1-xEuxB4O6(OH)2Cl have been prepared by boric acid flux method, which transfer to TD-α-La1-xEuxB3O6 by high temperature annealing. In the meantime, HS-α-La1-yEuyB3O6 (y ​= ​0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.3, 0.4) are synthesized directly by high temperature solid state reactions. The Eu3+-dependent cell volume is employed to obtain equation (1): V1 ​= ​421.0(3)-26(1)y. Accordingly, the x values of TD-α-La1-xEuxB3O6 can be deduced and the cell volume of L...

The leakage of solutes from cotyledons of soybeans (cv. Chippewa 64) was markedly stimulated by a chilling treatment (1 to 4 C) during the 1st minute of imbibition, but chilling after even 1 minute of water uptake resulted in little or no leakage increase. The respiratory rate of soybean particles was reduced more than 60% if a chilling treatment (15 minutes at 1 to 4 C) was given during the first minutes of imbibition, and little or no reduction was obtained if the chilling treatment was begun at 5 to 15 minutes after the start of imbibition. Using KCN as an inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase pathway of respiration and salicylhydroxamic acid as an inhibitor of the alternative pathway, it was found that the chilling injury involved a major reduction in the cyto...

Since the initial reports surfaced of a novel coronavirus causing illness and loss of life in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has rapidly spread across the globe, infecting millions and leaving hundreds and thousands dead. As hospitals cope with the influx of patients with COVID-19, new challenges have arisen as health-care systems care for patients with COVID-19 while still providing essential emergency care for patients with acute strokes and acute myocardial infarction. Adding to this complex scenario are new reports that patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk of thromboembolic complications including strokes. In this article, we detail our experience caring for acute stroke patients and provide some insight into neurointerventional workflow modifications th...

Abstract Hierarchical g-C3N4@TiO2 hollow sphere with excellent photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction under the visible light was prepared by assembling TiO2 shell onto the surface of hollow carbon nitride sphere (HCNS). This engineered photocatalyst was prepared by a two-step process: at first, the process of nanocasting was done by a templating method, followed by the kinetically-controlled coating technique. Specifically, mesoporous silica sphere and cyanamide were used as sacrificial template and precursor of carbon nitride, respectively, for the synthesis of hollow carbon nitride sphere which was further modified with titanium dioxide nanosheets. The remarkable photocatalytic activity of as-prepared nanocomposite could be attributed to its special st...

Transparent conductive and WO3 electrochromic thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis technique. The films were deposited using solutions of WCl6 in dimethylformamide on SnO2:F (FTO) substrates with different sheet resistances. Noticeable effects of substrate on structural, morphological and optical properties of the WO3 films and on its electrochromic behavior are presented and discussed. Hexagonal and monoclinic WO3 structures were obtained on amorphous glass substrates; also the monoclinic structure on polycrystalline FTO substrates was obtained. Cyclic structural changes during the colored and blanched states were found from XRD and electron diffraction result analysis: The hydrogen tungsten bronze in the tetragonal phase after the hydrogen extracti...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as the vital post-transcriptional regulators and control the growth and progression of different cancers types. The current study aimed at exploration of the role of microRNA-381 (miRNA-381) in human cervical cancer with emphasis on the evaluation of the underlying molecular mechanism. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) downregulation of miRNA-381 was found in cervical cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Overexpression of miRNA-381 in cervical cancer cells significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited their proliferation through the induction of cell apoptosis which was accompanied by depletion of Bcl-2 and increase in Bax expression. Additionally, the cleavage of caspase-3 and 9 was also activated upon miRNA-381 overexpress...

Abstract Introduction Incidence of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in India is quite high, and FGR has been found to be associated with various non-infectious diseases including coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, 40% of FGR is termed idiopathic (IFGR) for which cause is not known. Oxidative stress, which is postulated to have a role in FGR, is modulated by polymorphism of antioxidant genes. This study aims to examine association of GST polymorphism and enzymatic activity with incidence of FGR. Materials and methods 150 unrelated live births participated as dyads (mother and neonate). 75 consecutive IFGR materno-fetal dyads (referred subsequently as IFGR mother and IFGR neonate) were recruited as cases. Polymorphic ana...

A number of studies have shown the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties and subjective well-being. Reappraisal is considered a form of emotional regulation better than suppression. However, suppressing emotional expression increases the activity of physiological responses which actually harms the human health in the long run. Early age children still have difficulty in regulating their emotions, and this is likely to affect their psychological well-being if not properly managed . This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties and subjective wellbeing in children aged 6-7 years. Study participants (N = 55) were children in their early childhood who were transitioned from kindergartens to Gorontalo eleme...

In this Article, the organolithiums [((−)-sparteine)LitBu] (1), [(ABCO)LitBu]2 (2), and [(ABCO)2(LiiPr)4] (3) are investigated by means of experimental and theoretical charge density determination to elucidate the nature of the Li–C and Li–N bonds. Furthermore, the valence shell charge concentrations (VSCCs) in the nonbonding region of the deprotonated Cα-atom will provide some insight on the localization of the carbanionic lone pair. Analysis of the electron density (ρ(rBCP)), Laplacian (∇2ρ(rBCP)), and the energy decomposition (EDA) confirmed that the Li–C/N bond exhibits astonishingly similar characteristics, to reveal an increasingly polar contact with decreasing aggregate size. This explains former observations on the incorporation of halid...

Fog computing is a decentralised model which can help cloud computing for providing high quality-of-service (QoS) for the Internet of Things (IoT) application services. Service placement problem (SPP) is the mapping of services among fog and cloud resources. It plays a vital role in response time and energy consumption in fog–cloud environments. However, providing an efficient solution to this problem is a challenging task due to difficulties such as different requirements of services, limited computing resources, different delay, and power consumption profile of devices in fog domain. Motivated by this, in this study, we propose an efficient policy, called MinRE, for SPP in fog–cloud systems. To provide both QoS for IoT services and energy efficiency fo...

Perspective taking techniques have been used to transport people into imaginary situations and the lives of others. Virtual Reality provides an immersive way to virtually experience the lives of stigmatized by society members. Through the support of sensorimotor contingencies, people can use natural movements to view and interact with the virtual world around them. In this study, we compared a perspective-taking immersive Virtual Reality system which supports a number of sensorimotor contingencies (SC group) with a perspective-taking desktop system of the same application but with a minimum support of sensorimotor contingencies (NSC group), to investigate the effect of the supported sensorimotor contingencies in promoting empathy and positive attitudes towar...

The presence of bio-macromolecules as major ingredients is a primary factor in marketing many biologically derived macromolecular supplements. Workflows for analyzing these supplements for quality assurance, adulteration, and other supply-chain difficulties must include a qualitative assessment of small-molecule and macromolecular components; however, no such integrated protocol has been reported for these bio-macromolecular supplements. Twenty whey protein supplements were analyzed using an integrated workflow to identify protein content, protein adulteration, inorganic elemental content, and macromolecular and small-molecule profiles. Orthogonal analytical methods were employed, including NMR profiling, LC-DAD-QToF analysis of small-molecule components, IC...

A transient, two-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian computational fluid dynamics model has been developed for numerically investigating the gasification process of wood powder inside a cyclone-shaped reactor. The suggested model has considered heat and mass transfer, drying, devolatilization, and homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. The model is validated using the experimental data from a commercial entrained-flow cyclone gasifier. The changes in gas composition as a function of equivalence ratio and the behavior of gasification process agreed well with the experimental measurement. Trajectories of individual particles were captured, and the behavior, mass fraction, and temperature distribution of several representative particles in different sizes were ...

It is a critical research problem to quickly reconstruct a communication system after a disaster. One resolution is to deploy mobile mesh routers (MMR) in the disaster area to guarantee the connection of users. However, it is still a challenge to find an optimal deployment of MMRs to maximally satisfy users while ensuring a fluent and reliable communication network. In this paper, we focus on the above problems and propose a communication-demand-oriented deployment method (CDODM) and a global-data-traffic routing optimisation method (GTFROM) for a disaster. Our main contributions are (1) formalisation and optimisation of computation transmission cost in CDODM and (2) formalisation and optimisation traffic flows in GTFROM. Through the evaluation in NS3, user ...

Abstract Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with physicians and nurses working in two state‐funded southern French hospitals, this article explores why and how medical care providers connected their everyday deliberations about patient care to what they considered to be distinctively French forms of medical responsibility. Many healthcare professionals saw French medical morality in opposition to ‘Anglo‐Saxon’ discourses of individual autonomy and transactional choice. In contrast to such ‘transactionalism’, they insisted that ‘French’ ethics required limits that transcended particular circumstances. And yet it was difficult for doctors and nurses working in secular and increasingly neoliberal hospitals to argue against individual transactiona...

Purpose Differences in digital adoption between firms call for a clearer conceptualization of digital marketing capabilities (DMCs). The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to offer a conceptualization of DMCs from a relational dynamic capabilities perspective and (2) to explore performance outcomes of DMCs for international firms, taking into account firm size and entrepreneurial orientation. Design/methodology/approach A survey on a sample of 167 international firms is used and analyzed using hierarchical regression. Findings DMCs contribute positively to performance. Firms with greater entrepreneurial orientation leverage DMCs more effectively and have better performance. Small firms with strong digital capabilities perform as well as medium-sized firms...

The paper constructs the green degree evaluation system of equipment manufacturing industry, and then the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to measure the green degree of China's equipment manufacturing industry. The results show that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is a better method to evaluate the green degree of China's equipment manufacturing industry. The paper measure the green degree of China's equipment manufacturing industry is 0.51, which is at a low level. So it is need to adopt policies to promote green degree to achieve sustainable development goals. In view of this, the paper proposes policy recommendations for the green degree of China's equipment manufacturing industry from the perspectives of improvin...

Constructing surface coatings is an effective way to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium alloy bioabsorbable implants. In this present work, a titanium oxide coating with a thickness of about 400 nm was successfully prepared on a MgZn alloy surface via a facile magnetron sputtering route. The surface features were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the contact angle method. The corrosion behavior and biocompatibility were evaluated. The results indicated that the amorphous TiO2 coating with a flat and dense morphology was obtained by magnetron-sputtering a titanium oxide target. The corrosion current density ...

The paper presents the results of research in the field of life cycle management of innovative projects through the use of portfolio approach techniques. A methodology for assessing risks and forecasting expected economic results in the analysis of life cycle stages is proposed. Existing approaches to determining the level of competitiveness of planned innovations in the portfolio are considered. A sequence of managing parameters of the project life cycle has been developed, which allows choosing the optimal set of risk management methods within the framework of an innovative project. Based on the identified factors that increase and reduce the impact of a particular risk on the innovation implementation process, methods are proposed for monitoring the compe...

This paper presents an object detection method that can simultaneously estimate the positions and depth of the objects from multiplexed images. Multiplexed image is produced by a new type of imaging device that collects the light from different fields of view using a single image sensor, which is originally designed for stereo, 3D reconstruction and broad view generation using computational imaging. Intuitively, multiplexed image is a blended result of the images of multiple views and both of the appearance and disparities of objects are encoded in a single image implicitly, which provides the possibility for reliable object detection and depth/disparity estimation. Motivated by the recent success of CNN based detector, a multi-anchor detector method is prop...

Obesity is a major risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. The underlying basis of this association is likely complex in nature. The host-cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) are important for viral cell entry. It is unclear whether obesity alters expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 in the lower respiratory tract. Here, we show that: 1) Ace2 expression is elevated in the lung and trachea of diet-induced obese male mice and reduced in the esophagus of obese female mice relative to lean controls; 2) Tmprss2 expression is increased in the trachea of obese male mice but reduced in the lung and elevated in the trachea of obese female mice relative to lean controls; 3) in chow-f...

Se presentan los resultados del análisis de la difusión y circulación del número de revistas españolas en diferentes bases de datos, nacionales e internacionales. Para ello se realiza un estudio de las revistas que contienen las principales bases de datos bibliográficas hasta el año 2017. El aumento de la presencia de revistas españolas de psicología en las diferentes bases de datos es un indicador que determina el crecimiento y la madurez de esta disciplina y aporta una visión interesante de la actividad científica en psicología y su situación en el contexto internacional. Se muestra que las políticas de estado y las campañas de posicionamiento de universidades, asociaciones y colegios juegan un papel clave en la internacionali...

Abstract We report an advanced multiple‐pass multiple‐point Raman spectroscopy setup with enhanced sensitivity for industrial in situ monitoring and process control applications. The design of this multiple sampling setup enables high laser effective energy utilization ratio, and full laser energy is available for each sampling point. As a result, high sensitivity is obtained in every sampling point. The setup is simple, reliable, and robust, which is important for practical industrial applications. With eight passes configuration, gas samples in static cells are tested to show the analytical potential of this multiple sampling setup. The back‐to‐back experimental results show that the noise equivalent detection limit (3σ) of 40.6 (N 2 ), 46.0 (O 2 ...

In this letter, we present an analysis of the threshold voltage shift induced by positive bias temperature instability stress in GaN-based power HEMTs with p-type gate, controlled by a Schottky metal/p-GaN junction. In particular, we show the positive effect of the magnesium compensation process in the p-GaN layer on the long-term threshold voltage instability. When a relatively high positive bias is applied to the gate (Schottky junction reverse-biased), holes are generated by impact ionization in the high-field depleted p-GaN region, then accelerated toward the AlGaN layer. The high-energy holes, combined with the high temperature effects, create defects in the AlGaN or at its interface with p-GaN, causing a long-term positive threshold voltage shift. A pr...

The studies presented here use a central core model of the renal medulla, the details of which have been given elsewhere (Foster et al., Mathematical Biosci. 32: 307–335, 337–360, 1976). The central core model of the rabbit medulla predicts concentration gradients and volume flow rates in line with what is known for the rabbit. The handling of urea, however, is not consistent with the scheme proposed by Kokko and Rector (Kidney Intern. 2: 214–233, 1972). Moreover, the low concentration of urea predicted for the urine suggests an absence in the model of some form of mediated transport for urea in the inner medulla. The central core model of the rat medulla failed to predict results consistent with what is known about the rat. Substitution of the rabbit ...

The aim of this paper is to verify that the study of generic conformally flat hypersurfaces in 4-dimensional space forms is reduced to a surface theory in the standard 3-sphere.The conformal structure of generic conformally flat (local-)hypersurfaces is characterized as conformally flat (local-)3-metrics with the Guichard condition.Then, there is a certain class of orthogonal analytic (local-)Riemannian 2-metrics with constant Gauss curvature -1 such that any 2-metric of the class gives rise to a one-parameter family of conformally flat 3-metrics with the Guichard condition.In this paper, we firstly relate 2-metrics of the class to surfaces in the 3-sphere:for a 2-metric of the class, a 5-dimensional set of (non-isometric) analytic surfaces in the 3-sphere i...

There is an urgent need to develop predictive methodologies that will fast-track the industrial implementation of organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). However, the performance prediction of OSN membranes has been a daunting and challenging task, due to the high number of possible solvents and the complex relationship between solvent-membrane, solute-solvent, and solute-membrane interactions. Therefore, instead of developing fundamental mathematical equations, we have broken away from conventions by compiling a large dataset and building artificial intelligence (AI) based predictive models for both rejection and permeance, based on a collected dataset containing 38,430 datapoints with more than 18 dimensions (parameters). To elucidate the important parameter...

We summarize the enabling technologies for photonics-assisted broadband millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication, which is a promising candidate for the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communications, one of the three main typical application scenarios of 5G wireless networks. These enabling technologies, mainly focusing on the improvement of the system structure, include broadband mm-wave signal generation with simple and cost-effective schemes, multiple-input multiple-output architecture with polarization-multiplexing optical mm-wave signal, advanced multilevel modulation, optical or electrical multicarrier modulation, antenna polarization multiplexing and the employment of the high-gain mm-wave antenna, multi-band multiplexing, and broadband mm-wave signa...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de pêssegos da cultivar 'Aurora-1' enxertada sobre quatro porta-enxertos: 'Okinawa' propagado por sementes e por estacas herbáceas, Clone 15 e cv. Rigitano de umezeiro propagados por estacas herbáceas, e conduzidos em três espaçamentos: 6 x 2 m, 6 x 3 m e 6 x 4 m. Os frutos foram colhidos na safra de 2005, obedecendo ao estádio de maturação correspondente à coloração exigida para a comercialização in natura, eliminando-se os defeituosos, machucados ou fora do padrão de maturação estipulado. Foram realizadas análises físicas (massa fresca do fruto, diâmetro longitudinal, diâmetro equatorial, coloração externa, coloração interna e firmeza) e químicas dos frutos (sólidos s...

The concept of dysphagia/aspiration-related structures (DARS) was developed against the background of severe late side effects of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). DARS can be delineated on CT scans, but with a better morphological discrimination on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Swallowing function was analyzed by use of patient charts and prospective investigations and questionnaires.Seventeen HNC patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) ± chemotherapy between 5/2012 - 8/2015 were included. Planning CT (computed tomography) scans and MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging) prior, during 40 Gray (Gy) radiotherapy and posttreatment were available and co-registered to delineate DARS. The RT dose of each DARS was calculated. ...

Blood-brain barrier endothelial cells are the main targets of diabetes-related hyperglycemia that alters endothelial functions and brain homeostasis. Hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress may play a causal role. This study evaluated the protective effects of characterized polyphenol-rich medicinal plant extracts on redox, inflammatory and vasoactive markers on murine bEnd3 cerebral endothelial cells exposed to high glucose concentration. The results show that hyperglycemic condition promoted oxidative stress through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, deregulated antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and altered expression of genes encoding Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NADPH oxidas...

In terms of General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) principles and the efforts of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), nations have been urged to eliminate or reduce trade barriers. Yet the inequality in the global trading regime has had an impact on developing countries. The majority of WTO members are developing countries, mostly from Africa. This article contributes to the debate on whether trade liberalization helps to alleviate poverty and promote development, with a focus on Africa. Through a detailed review of literature and documents relating to trade barriers and trade liberalization, a critical qualitative assessment is undertaken of their impact for developing countries, with special reference to Africa. In doing so, the impact of the efforts...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequential Three- and Four-Substrate Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by AldolasesHarrie J. M. Gijsen and Chi-Huey WongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 29, 7585–7591Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00134a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views788Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref ...

The increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has rendered susceptibility testing an indispensable tool for appropriate antibiotic selection. This study is aimed at evaluating the technical methods of antibiogram in some medical laboratories in Cameroon. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The data collection was done with two material, the questionnaire and the observation sheet. We enrolled 13 laboratories trough a non-probabilistic technic (Quota sampling). Quality control of media and antibiotic discs as well as their conservation did not comply with the standards. Over 76.9% of laboratories did not have the Mac Farland standard range. One hundred percent of the laboratories used the 90 mm diameter petri dishes. Five to fou...

PurposeTo assess the prognostic value of pneumonia severity score (PSS), pectoralis muscle area (PMA), and index (PMI) on chest computed tomography (CT) in adult coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.MethodThe chest CT images of COVID-19 patients were evaluated for the PSS as the ratio of the volume of involved lung parenchyma to the total lung volume. The cross-sectional areas of the pectoralis muscles (PMA, cm2) were also measured automatically on axial CT images, and PMI was calculated as the following formula: PMI = PMA / patient’s height square (m2). The relationship between clinical variables, PSS, PMA, sex-specific PMI values, and patient outcomes (intubation, prolonged hospital stay, and death) were investigated using multivariable logistic ...

Sequential digital dermoscopic imaging (SDDI) compares surface microscopy images of skin lesions over multiple time points. We utilized a retrospective SDDI cohort to investigate the development of dermoscopic features associated with malignancy in melanoma in situ (MIS). A total of 124 in situ melanomas were assessed from 110 Caucasian patients aged ≥18 years, with ≥2 serial images obtained between 1999 and 2017 and followed for a mean 41 months (3-142). As a positive control group, 58 invasive melanomas from 53 patients were also reviewed. Change in MIS size or number of colours correlated to time (both p < .001). The odds of MIS displaying ≥3 clues to malignancy also correlated to time (OR 5.6-52.1) (p < .05). 75% of in situ melanomas matched a derm...

Despite recent close attention to issues related to the reliability of psychological research (e.g., the replication crisis), issues of the validity of this research have not been considered to the same extent. This paper highlights an issue that calls into question the validity of the common research practice of studying samples of individuals, and using sample-based statistics to infer generalizations that are applied not only to the parent population, but to individuals. The lack of ergodicity in human data means that such generalizations are not justified. This problem is illustrated with respect to two common scenarios in psychological research that raise questions for the sorts of theories that are typically proposed to explain human behavior and cogni...

In order to improve the feasibility and accuracy of steam cloud explosion overpressure prediction, a combination of factor analysis method and BP neural network method is proposed to propose an improved BP neural network prediction method. According to the original data of the main influencing factors of steam cloud explosion overpressure, the factor analysis method is used to reduce the dimensional data of the five steam cloud explosion overpressure factors, and obtain a common factor; replace the original with a common factor. As an input layer parameter of BP neural network, a steam cloud explosion overpressure prediction model is established by combining the factor analysis method with BP neural network method to predict the overpressure of steam cloud e...

To work in shared space with humans, autonomous systems must carry unknown loads in predefined missions. With the conventional control scheme, the grounded robot would suffer unstable motion and imprecise tracking performance. To overcome these challenges, in this paper, a novel controller using an adaptive sliding mode for autonomous grounded robots (AGR) is proposed. This control strategy takes into consideration uncertain characteristics, varying loads, and external disturbances. To analyze the tracking performance precisely, the overall error of motion system is decoupled into two subsystems where the second-order system is related to the angular tracking error and the third-order system is associated with the linear one. Initially, the dynamics model of...

In this work, nanocomposites based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for food packaging application were developed as new active packaging for fresh foodstuffs. Copper colloids were synthesized by femtosecond-pulsed laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) using an organic environment, to ensure a good solubility of nanocolloids in polymeric solution. CuNPs were incorporated in a biodegradable polymer matrix for the preparation of composite films. Besides a deep morphological and spectroscopic characterization, bioactive ions release over time from composite thin films was studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Finally, in vivo tests on fresh-cut fruit were carried out to assess the effects of these nanocomposite systems on...

Compaction of particulated grafts is done manually; thus, the effect of compression force on bone regeneration remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of two different compression forces on the consolidation of particulated bovine hydroxyapatite.Two titanium cylinders were fixed on the calvarium of eight New Zealand rabbits. Both defects were filled with particulated bovine hydroxyapatite subjected to a compression force of 0.7 kg/cm2 or 1.6 kg/cm2 before being covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. A handheld device that uses a spring to control the compression force applied by the plugger was used. At 6 weeks, histomorphometry of the area immediately adjacent to the calvaria bone and to the collagen membrane was performed.It...

In a region of sparse population and little culture it is hardly surprising that organised religion has never been strong in Cumbria. During the Middle Ages the Church's main influence was via the several monastic settlements, particularly the powerful Furness Abbey, which possessed a real economic empire. The influence of the clergy was restricted when population was so dispersed and parishes so massive, and the conclusion must be that Roman Catholicism possessed only a tenuous hold at any point in its history. That the Cumbrians so easily and swiftly on the surface adopted the new Anglican Establishment of the sixteenth century did not reflect the attractions for the new faith or the coercion of authorities; it was simply that no Christian denomination was...

In May 2014, the Wisconsin legislature passed Act 377. Among other things, the act creates an increased weight allowance for vehicles classified as implements of husbandry (IoH), known to most simply as farm vehicles. These vehicles, which are both large and heavy, were designed for use in the field, but in today’s modern infrastructure, they must sometimes navigate roads and bridges as well. The increased weight allowance is a modification of the federal bridge formula (FBF). It allows IoH to operate at 15% above FBF limitations for both axle and gross weights. The act includes partial exemptions for certain implements and creates a permitting structure for implements that exceed the stated limits. The act attempts to strike a balance between the needs of...

We study the band dispersion of graphene with randomly distributed structural defects using two complementary methods, exact diagonalization of the tight-binding Hamiltonian and implementing a self-consistent T matrix approximation. We identify three distinct types of impurities resulting in qualitatively different spectra in the vicinity of the Dirac point. First, resonant impurities, such as vacancies or 585 defects, lead to stretching of the spectrum at the Dirac point with a finite density of localized states. This type of spectrum has been observed in epitaxial graphene by photoemission spectroscopy and discussed extensively in the literature. Second, nonresonant (weak) impurities, such as paired vacancies or Stone-Wales defects, do not stretch the spec...

First-principles quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical free energy calculations have been performed to provide the first detailed computational study on the possible mechanisms for reaction of proteasome with a representative peptide inhibitor, Epoxomicin (EPX). The calculated results reveal that the most favorable reaction pathway consists of five steps. The first is a proton transfer process, activating Thr1-O(γ) directly by Thr1-N(z) to form a zwitterionic intermediate. The next step is nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of EPX by the negatively charged Thr1-O(γ) atom, followed by a proton transfer from Thr1-N(z) to the carbonyl oxygen of EPX (third step). Then, Thr1-N(z) attacks on the carbon of the epoxide group of EPX, accompanied by the ep...

A normotensive model of hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion in Wistar rats was used to test the hypothesis that microvascular perfusion deficits contribute to the initiation of remote hepatic injury during a systemic inflammatory response. Animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 4 h of ischemia with 6 h of reperfusion (I/R-6; n = 4), 4 h of ischemia with 3 h of reperfusion (I/R-3; n = 5), or no ischemia (naive; n = 5). With intravital fluorescence microscopy, propidium iodide (PI; 0.05 mg/100 g body wt) was injected for the in vivo labeling of lethally injured hepatocytes (number/10(-1) mm(3)). PI-positive hepatocytes increased progressively over the 6-h period (naive 32.9 +/- 7.8 vs. I/R-3 92.8 +/- 11.5 vs. I/R-6 232 +/- 39.2), with no difference b...

Abstract Trichosporon is a yeast-like basidiomycete, a conditional pathogenic fungus that is rare in the clinic but often causes fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Trichosporon asahii is the most common pathogenic fungus in this genus and the occurrence of infections has dramatically increased in recent years. Here, we report a systematic literature review detailing 140 cases of T. asahii infection reported during the past 23 years. Statistical analysis shows that T. asahii infections were most frequently reported within immunodeficient or immunocompromised patients commonly with blood diseases. Antibiotic use, invasive medical equipment and chemotherapy were the leading risk factors for acquiring infection. In vitro susceptibility, clinical ...

Trauma is a time-critical condition. Helicopters are thought to enhance the accessibility to trauma centers, but this benefit is poorly quantified. The aim of this study was to conduct a geographical analysis of the added benefit provided by helicopters, over ground transport. This study uses geospatial analysis. Helicopter bases and Level I and II designated trauma centers were geocoded. 60-minute drive-time and elliptical flight-time isochrones were mapped with ArcGIS™ (Esri, Redlands, CA). Calculations included allowance for mission ground time (MGT). We compared the proportion of the population that could be taken to Level I and II trauma centers, within 60 minutes, by road and by air. Using a 30-minute MGT model, helicopters permit 279,317 additional ...