Universal JavaScript Web Applications with React - Luciano Mammino - Codemotion Milan 2016

MILAN 25-26 NOVEMBER 2016 { Universal JS Web Applications with React Luciano Mammino 1

WHO IS LUCIANO? nodejsdesignpatterns.com lmammino loige loige.co 2

AGENDA 1. The term "Universal" JS 2. Who & Why 3. Common problems and technologies 4. Building a frontend only Single Page App 5. Making it universal 3

ISOMORPHIC bit.ly/universaljs UNIVERSAL WHAT? 4

NOT ONLY FOR THE WEB... Desktop applications Mobile applications Hardware 5

ADVANTAGES OF UNIVERSAL JAVASCRIPT "JavaScript-only" development Maintainability Better SEO Faster "perceived" load time 6

MODULE SHARING Use Node.js modules in the browser. UMD 9

UNIVERSAL RENDERING Render the views of the application from the server (ﬁrst request) and then in the browser (next requests) 10

UNIVERSAL ROUTING Recognise the view associated to the current route from both the server and the browser. 11

UNIVERSAL DATA RETRIEVAL Access data (and APIs) from both the server and the browser. AXIOS UNIVERSAL FETCH 12

UNIVERSAL STATE MANAGEMENT Manage changes on the state tree both on the server and the client... 13

FUTURISTIC/ALTERNATIVE JS?! 14

OK... LET'S STOP COMPLAINING AND BUILD SOMETHING! 16

WHAT TOOLS ARE WE GOING TO USE? 17

WHAT ARE WE GOING TO BUILD? judo-heroes.herokuapp.com bit.ly/judo-heroes-tutorial 18

curl -sS "https://judo-heroes.herokuapp.com/athlete/teddy-riner" 22

The data set // src/data/athletes.js const athletes = [ { 'id': 'driulis-gonzalez', 'name': 'Driulis González', 'country': { 'id': 'cu', 'name': 'Cuba', 'icon': 'flag-cu.png', }, 'birth': '1973', 'image': 'driulis-gonzalez.jpg', 'cover': 'driulis-gonzalez-cover.jpg', 'link': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driulis_González', 'medals': [ { 'year': '1992', 'type': 'B', 'city': 'Barcelona', 'event': 'Olympic Games', 'category': '-57kg { 'year': '1993', 'type': 'B', 'city': 'Hamilton', 'event': 'World Championships', 'category': ' { 'year': '1995', 'type': 'G', 'city': 'Chiba', 'event': 'World Championships', 'category': '-57 { 'year': '1995', 'type': 'G', 'city': 'Mar del Plata', 'event': 'Pan American Games', 'category { 'year': '1996', 'type': 'G', 'city': 'Atlanta', 'event': 'Olympic Games', 'category': '-57kg' // ... ], }, // ... ]; export default athletes; 23

// src/components/Layout.js import React from 'react'; import { Link } from 'react-router'; const Layout = (props) => ( <div className="app-container"> <header> <Link to="/"> <img className="logo" src="/img/logo-judo-heroes.png"/> </Link> </header> <div className="app-content">{props.children}</div> <footer> <p> This is a demo app to showcase <strong>universal Javascript</strong> with <strong>React</strong> and <strong>Express</strong>. </p> </footer> </div> ); export default Layout; 26

// src/components/IndexPage.js import React from 'react'; import AthletePreview from './AthletePreview'; import athletes from '../data/athletes'; const IndexPage = (props) => ( <div className="home"> <div className="athletes-selector"> {athletes.map( athleteData => <AthletePreview key={athleteData.id} {...athleteData} /> )} </div> </div> ); export default IndexPage; 28

// src/components/AthletePreview.js import React from 'react'; import { Link } from 'react-router'; const AthletePreview = (props) => ( <Link to={`/athlete/${props.id}`}> <div className="athlete-preview"> <img src={`img/${props.image}`}/> <h2 className="name">{props.name}</h2> <span className="medals-count"> <img src="/img/medal.png"/> {props.medals.length} </span> </div> </Link> ); export default AthletePreview; 30

// src/components/AthletePage.js import React from 'react'; import { Link } from 'react-router'; import NotFoundPage from './NotFoundPage'; import AthletesMenu from './AthletesMenu'; import Medal from './Medal'; import Flag from './Flag'; import athletes from '../data/athletes'; const AthletePage = (props) => { const id = props.params.id; const athlete = athletes.find((athlete) => athlete.id === id); if (!athlete) { return <NotFoundPage/>; } const headerStyle = { backgroundImage: `url(/img/${athlete.cover})` }; return ( <div className="athlete-full"> <AthletesMenu/> <div className="athlete"> <header style={headerStyle}/> <div className="picture-container"> <img src={`/img/${athlete.image}`}/> <h2 className="name">{athlete.name}</h2> </div> <section className="description"> Olympic medalist from <strong><Flag {...athlete.country} showName="true"/></strong>, born in {athlete.birth} (Find out more on <a href={athlete.link} target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>). </section> <section className="medals"> <p>Winner of <strong>{athlete.medals.length}</strong> medals:</p> <ul>{ athlete.medals.map((medal, i) => <Medal key={i} {...medal}/>) }</ul> </section> </div> <div className="navigateBack"> <Link to="/">« Back to the index</Link> </div> </div> ); }; export default AthletePage; 32

// src/components/AthletePage.js // ... const AthletePage = (props) => { const id = props.params.id; const athlete = athletes.find((athlete) => athlete.id === id); if (!athlete) { return <NotFoundPage/>; } const headerStyle = { backgroundImage: `url(/img/${athlete.cover})` }; return ( <div className="athlete-full"> <AthletesMenu/> <div className="athlete"> <header style={headerStyle}/> <div className="picture-container"> <img src={`/img/${athlete.image}`}/> <h2 className="name">{athlete.name}</h2> </div> // ... 33

// src/components/AthletePage.js // ... <section className="description"> Olympic medalist from <strong><Flag {...athlete.country} showName="true"/></strong>, born in {athlete.birth} (Find out more on <a href={athlete.link} target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>). </section> <section className="medals"> <p>Winner of <strong>{athlete.medals.length}</strong> medals:</p> <ul>{ athlete.medals.map((medal, i) => <Medal key={i} {...medal}/>) }</ul> </section> </div> <div className="navigateBack"> <Link to="/">« Back to the index</Link> </div> </div> ); }; export default AthletePage; 34

// src/components/AthletesMenu.js import React from 'react'; import { Link } from 'react-router'; import athletes from '../data/athletes'; const AthletesMenu = (props) => ( <nav className="atheletes-menu"> {athletes.map(athlete => { return <Link key={athlete.id} to={`/athlete/${athlete.id}`} activeClassName="active"> {athlete.name} </Link>; })} </nav> ); export default AthletesMenu; 36

// src/components/Flag.js import React from 'react'; const Flag = (props) => ( <span className="flag"> <img className="icon" title={props.name} src={`/img/${props.icon}`}/> {props.showName && <span className="name"> {props.name}</span>} </span> ); export default Flag; 38

// src/components/Medal.js import React from 'react'; const medalTypes = { 'G': 'Gold', 'S': 'Silver', 'B': 'Bronze' }; const Medal = (props) => ( <li className="medal"> <span className={`symbol symbol-${props.type}`} title={medalTypes[props.type]}> {props.type} </span> <span className="year">{props.year}</span> <span className="city"> {props.city}</span> <span className="event"> ({props.event})</span> <span className="category"> {props.category}</span> </li> ); export default Medal; 40

NotFoundPage component // src/components/NotFoundPage.js import React from 'react'; import { Link } from 'react-router'; const NotFoundPage = (props) => ( <div className="not-found"> <h1>404</h1> <h2>Page not found!</h2> <p> <Link to="/">Go back to the main page</Link> </p> </div> ); export default NotFoundPage; 41

2 ROUTES Index Page: / Athlete Page: /athlete/:id 43

// src/Routes.js import React from 'react'; import { Route, IndexRoute } from 'react-router' import Layout from './components/Layout'; import IndexPage from './components/IndexPage'; import AthletePage from './components/AthletePage'; import NotFoundPage from './components/NotFoundPage'; const routes = ( <Route path="/" component={Layout}> <IndexRoute component={IndexPage}/> <Route path="athlete/:id" component={AthletePage}/> <Route path="*" component={NotFoundPage}/> </Route> ); export default routes; 44

// src/components/AppRoutes.js import React from 'react'; import { Router, hashHistory } from 'react-router'; import routes from '../Routes'; const AppRoutes = (props) => ( <Router history={hashHistory} routes={routes} onUpdate={() => window.scrollTo(0, 0)}/> ); export default AppRoutes; 45

// src/app-client.js import React from 'react'; import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'; import AppRoutes from './components/AppRoutes'; window.onload = () => { ReactDOM.render(<AppRoutes/>, document.getElementById('main')); }; 47

// src/static/index.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Judo Heroes - A Universal JavaScript demo application with React</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="main"></div> <script src="/js/bundle.js"></script> </body> </html> 49

BUILD CONFIG (BABEL + WEBPACK) 50

.babelrc import webpack from 'webpack'; import path from 'path'; const config = { entry: { js: './src/app-client.js' }, output: { path: path.join(__dirname, 'src', 'static', 'js'), filename: 'bundle.js' }, module: { loaders: [{ test: path.join(__dirname, 'src'), loaders: [{ loader: 'babel-loader' }] }] }, }; export default config; .webpack.conﬁg.babel.js { "presets": ["react", "es2015"] } 51

// src/server.js import path from 'path'; import { Server } from 'http'; import Express from 'express'; const app = new Express(); const server = new Server(app); // define the folder that will be used for static assets app.use(Express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'static'))); // start the server const port = process.env.PORT || 3000; const env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'production'; server.listen(port, err => { if (err) { return console.error(err); } console.info(`Server running on http://localhost:${port} [${env}]`); }); Static Express server 53

RECAP What we learned so far 1. Deﬁne views combining React components 2. Add Routing using React Router 3. Compiling our frontend bundle with Babel and Webpack 4. Run the app with a static Express server 55

SERVER SIDE RENDERING AND ROUTING 56

// src/views/index.ejs <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Judo Heroes - A Universal JavaScript demo application with React</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div id="main"><%- markup -%></div> <script src="/js/bundle.js"></script> </body> </html> Converting static index.html into a template 58

// ... // universal routing and rendering app.get('*', (req, res) => { match( { routes, location: req.url }, (err, redirectLocation, renderProps) => { // in case of error display the error message if (err) { return res.status(500).send(err.message); } // in case of redirect propagate the redirect to the browser if (redirectLocation) { return res.redirect(302, redirectLocation.pathname + redirectLocation.search); } // generate the React markup for the current route let markup; if (renderProps) { // if the current route matched we have renderProps markup = renderToString(<RouterContext {...renderProps}/>); } else { // otherwise we can render a 404 page markup = renderToString(<NotFoundPage/>); res.status(404); } // render the index template with the embedded React markup return res.render('index', { markup }); } ); }); 60

THAT'S IT! LET'S TEST AGAIN 61

RECAP What we learned so far 1. Create a Single Page Application with React and React Router 2. Add server side routing and rendering using React and React Router libraries in out Express app 62

UNIVERSAL DATA RETRIEVAL api-proxy & async-props (COMPLETE CHAPTER in ) UNIVERSAL STATE MANAGEMENT Redux Node.js Design Patterns WHERE DO WE GO from here... Code: https://github.com/lmammino/judo-heroes-2 63

THANKS! loige loige.colmammino (Special thanks to , , Aleksandar Čambas & )@cirpo @andreaman87 @quasi_modal 64

Universal JavaScript Web Applications with React - Luciano Mammino - Codemotion Milan 2016

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