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Understanding Distributed Source Control
- 1. Understanding Distributed Source Control
- 2. About Me •Lorna Jane Mitchell • http://lornajane.net • PHP Consultant/Developer • Open Source project lead http://joind.in • Occasional writer/speaker • Twitter: @lornajane 2
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- 4. The Aims ofSource Control • Central keeping-place 4
- 5. The Aims ofSource Control • Central keeping-place • History of changes 4
- 6. The Aims ofSource Control • Central keeping-place • History of changes • Painless collaboration 4
- 7. Traditional Centralised SourceControl • One repository (repo) • Working copies • Mature • Simple • Tools: • CVS • Subversion http://subversion.apache.org/ 5
- 8. Traditional Centralised SourceControl repo checkout checkout checkout 6
- 9. Subversion Recommended centralised solution Projectis now an Apache Software Foundation project. From the mission statement: Subversion exists to be universally recognized and adopted as an open-source, centralized version control system characterized by its reliability as a safe haven for valuable data; the simplicity of its model and usage; and its ability to support the needs of a wide variety of users and projects, from individuals to large-scale enterprise operations. http://lwn.net/Articles/381794/ 7
- 10. Centralised Branching Strategies Thereare a few common patterns when branching: • Version branches • Feature branches • Live branch 8
- 11. Code Merging withCentralised Systems • Make changes • Update • Commit • Merge happens on central repo • Can be slow 9
- 12. Distributed Source Control • Many repos • Local repo • Tools (all with comparable features) • Git http://git-scm.com/ • Mercurial http://mercurial.selenic.com/ • Bazaar http://bazaar.canonical.com/ • Powerful/complex 10
- 13. Distributed Source Control repo repo repo repo repo 11
- 14. Distributed Source Control repo repo repo repo repo 12
- 15. The Biggest Change FAST 13
- 16. Snapshots vs Changesets Arevision number describes a set of patches. Not a state of code. With distributed version control, the distributed part is actually not the most interesting part. The interesting part is that these systems think in terms of changes, not in terms of versions http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2010/03/17.html 14
- 17. Branching on DistributedSystems • Can branch any repo • Branches can be private 15
- 18. Branching on DistributedSystems • Can branch any repo • Branches can be private • Merge commits from other branches on local repo 15
- 19. Working with Branches:Creating $ git branch api $ git branch api * master $ git checkout api Switched to branch 'api' $ git branch * api master 16
- 20. Working with Branches:Using $ mkdir api $ vim api/index.php $ git add api/ $ git commit -m "added the web service" [api 62582e1] added the web service 1 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 api/index.php $ ls api website 17
- 21. Working with Branches:Switching $ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' $ ls website 18
- 22. Multiple Repositories main repo remote repo local 19
- 23. Timelines • Commitskeep their timestamps • They show at the time they were commited • To a repo • Not when they were merged to this one • Tools help illustrate 20
- 24. Timelines: git log–oneline be81f69 Merge branch 'master' of git://github.com/joindin/joind.in a67dabb Merge commit 'fentie/issue91' 526039d Merge commit 'jaytaph/JOINDIN-38-2' 0bc1a57 merge of hatfieldje/feature/JOINDIN-100 d3c7195 Added slide icon to talk-list 983d1a0 Fixed dates in CfP display and talk add/edit 4edf8be Merge commit 'justincarmony/JOINDIN-97' bec3ac1 Moving the settings from the method to the Controller's member 01d3feb Admins can approve other admins 31ba4c1 Added counter to Event Claims link ce2e46b Updated README. Includes instructions for enabling RewriteEngi ce356d5 Corrected session type dropbox 9c2f645 Merge commit 'justincarmony/74-howto-block' 0ce1551 Merge remote-tracking branch 'jaytaph/JOINDIN-104' 21
- 25. Timelines: git log–graph –oneline * be81f69 Merge branch 'master' of git://github.com/joindin/joind.in | | * a67dabb Merge commit 'fentie/issue91' | | | | * 2b229ef IDE removing extra EOL whitespace | | * 82b3aa7 switching to single empty test instead of !isset and fal | | * b03d6df adding check to ensure speakers cannot rate their own ta | * | 526039d Merge commit 'jaytaph/JOINDIN-38-2' | | | | * | 01d3feb Admins can approve other admins | | * | 31ba4c1 Added counter to Event Claims link | * | | 0bc1a57 merge of hatfieldje/feature/JOINDIN-100 | | | | * | | 983d1a0 Fixed dates in CfP display and talk add/edit | | * | | 0ddfd83 JOINDIN-100 | | * | | d00e1f3 feature/JOINDIN-100 | | * | | f5a5775 feature/JOINDIN-100 | * | | | d3c7195 Added slide icon to talk-list 22
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- 27. GUI Tools Most OS/DVCScombinations covered • IDE plugins • Versions on OS X for SVN • Tower on OS X for git • Tortoise* for Windows users • git and windows not recommended • CLI on every platform 24
- 28. Bridging the Gap Bridges:local DVCS functionality with centralised repos Tools: • git-svn • bzr-svn • hg-git • and more 25
- 29. Supporting Distributed Workflows Needto keep track of: • Commits on other repos • Relationships between repos • Patches (pull requests) 26
- 30. Supporting Distributed Workflows Needto keep track of: • Commits on other repos • Relationships between repos • Patches (pull requests) Often: source browsing, documentation and issue trackers are also included 26
- 31. Collaboration Sites • Git • Github http://github.com/ • Gitorious http://gitorious.org/ • Mercurial • Bitbucket http://bitbucket.org/ • Bazaar • Launchpad http://launchpad.net/ Also Sourceforge who support all of the above and more http://sf.net 27
- 32. Understanding Distributed SourceControl • Differences from centralised systems • Tools • Gotchas 28
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- 34. Thanks! • Slides:http://slideshare.net/lornajane • Twitter: @lornajane • Web: http://lornajane.net/ 30