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![International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 DOI:10.5121/ijcsa.2014.4108 83 SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUES OF CLOUD & GRID COMPUTING NETWORKS Kamal Kant Hiran1 , Ruchi Doshi2 , Dr.Rakesh Rathi3 1 Deptt of IT, Head, Sikkim Manipal University, Ghana, West Africa 2 Deptt of Technology, Program Coordinator, BlueCrest College, Ghana, West Africa 3 Deptt of CE & IT, PG Coordinator, Govt. Engineering College, Ajmer, India ABSTRACT Cloud computing is a new field in Internet computing that provides novel perspectives in internetworking technologies. Cloud computing has become a significant technology in field of information technology. Security of confidential data is a very important area of concern as it can make way for very big problems if unauthorized users get access to it. Cloud computing should have proper techniques where data is segregated properly for data security and confidentiality. This paper strives to compare and contrast cloud computing with grid computing, along with the Tools and simulation environment & Tips to store data and files safely in Cloud. KEYWORDS Cloud computing; internetworking; grid computing; confidentiality 1. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing provides secure anytime-anywhere access, high-level security and data privacy [9]. Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility. Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Cloud computing providers deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from a Web browser, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. Cloud Computing defined according to Foster, Zhao, Raicu and Lu [1] as: “A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet.” A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers according to Buyya R.[10]. Cloud computing tries to enhance the concept of Grid computing and avoid the single point of failure when one unit fails [17], [19]. Cloud computing is designed to act as one whole and its compound units to be automatically interchangeable. That is why cloud hosting offers the highest level of data security in the hosting market. Cloud refers to a collection of nodes and the Cloud computing model focuses on the Cloud to provide the services to the customers. Computing clouds & grids are changing the whole IT, service industry, and global economy. Clearly, cloud](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/securityprivacyissuesofcloudgridcomputingnetworks-140312020715-phpapp02/75/Security-privacy-issues-of-cloud-grid-computing-networks-1-2048.jpg)
![International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 84 computing demands ubiquity, efficiency, security, and trustworthiness. Cloud & Grid computing [21] has become a common practice in business, government, education, and entertainment leveraging 50 millions of servers globally installed at thousands of datacenters today. There are three main factors contributing to the surge and interests in Cloud & Grid Computing: 1. Rapid decrease in hardware cost and increase in computing power and storage capacity 2. The exponentially growing data size in scientific instrumentation/simulation and Internet publishing. 3. The wide-spread adoption of Services Computing. 2. PRINCIPLES OF CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud is a collection of computers and servers that are publicly accessible via the Internet. Cloud computing collects all the computing resources and manages them automatically through software. In the process of data analysis, it integrates the history data and present data to make the collected information more accurate and provide more intelligent service for users and enterprises [6]. The users need not care how to buy servers, software, solutions and so on. Users can buy the computing resource through internet according to their own needs. Cloud is not only simply collecting the computer resource, but also provides a management mechanism and can provide services for millions of users simultaneously. Nowadays, virtualization is entering every field of data center [7]. It has become useful tool and improved service capacity. When the storage and computing capacity of the server cluster are surplus, we need not purchase servers, all we need to add a virtual machine running on the server. Figure 1. Network diagram in Cloud Computing [5] The user’s request then gets passed to the system management, which finds the correct resources and then calls the system’s appropriate provisioning services. These services carve out the necessary resources in the cloud, launch the appropriate web application and either creates or opens the requested document. After the web application is launched, the system’s monitoring and metering functions track the usage of the cloud so that resources are apportioned and attributed to the proper user(s). Once you have moved the bulk of your mainstream computing to the cloud, you can access it from any PC and your mobile phone. This is an enormous convenience which businesses are benefiting from today, and it can work just as well for the home user.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/securityprivacyissuesofcloudgridcomputingnetworks-140312020715-phpapp02/75/Security-privacy-issues-of-cloud-grid-computing-networks-2-2048.jpg)
![International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 85 The data center you choose should offer the following protection measures: Physical Security: Physical security covers the hardware side of the data center [14]. It deals with online redundant issues like power supplies. Application security measures include: • Redundant power supplies • Redundant Internet connections • Redundant hardware Application Security: Application security covers the software side of the data center. It deals with online security issues like hackers and viruses [8]. Application security measures include: • Anti-virus detection software • Data encryption software • Administrative controls • Security audits 2.1. Cloud computing benefits include Cloud computing [20] provides secure anytime-anywhere access, high-level security and data privacy, and it holds the potential to bring about some of the most far-reaching efficiency and productivity improvements ever seen in the tax and accounting profession [16]. • Reduced costs • Redundant data storage • Fast Application Deployment • Anytime/anywhere data access • Increased storage capacity • Dedicated resources • Better Resources Utilization • Platform Independent, Security, • Hassle -free maintenance 3. CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES A wide range of Cloud services are currently available to the public [11]. These services are broadly divided into three categories: 1. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) 2. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) 3. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) 3.1. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Software-as-a-Service commonly refers to applications delivered to the end user through a web browser or any other web-rich client [4]. This kind of cloud computing transfer programs to millions of users through browser. In the user’s views, this can save some cost on servers and software. In the provider’s views, they only need to maintain one program, this can also save cost. Salesforce.com is so far the most famous company that provides this kind of service. Because the service provider hosts both the application and the data, the end user is free to use the service from anywhere. Examples: Microsoft OfficeLive, DropBox, and CloudNumbers. 3.2. Plateform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Cloud platform services, also known as Platform as a Service (PaaS), deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service. It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/securityprivacyissuesofcloudgridcomputingnetworks-140312020715-phpapp02/75/Security-privacy-issues-of-cloud-grid-computing-networks-3-2048.jpg)
![International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 86 Examples: Google Apps, SalesForce, VMforce and Joyent Accelerator. Figure 2. Cloud Service Models 3.3. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Infrastructure-as-a-Service [3] provides maximum control where a computing infrastructure can be assembled from the operating system upwards like Amazon Web Services provides virtual server instance API (Application programming interface) to start, stop, access and configure their virtual servers and storage. Examples: Amazon EC2, Eucalyptus Community Cloud, and IBM Cloudburst. Some providers offer cloud computing services for free while others require a paid subscription. 4. GRID COMPUTING Grid computing links disparate computers, forming a single unified infrastructure. Grid computing links the disparate parts as a virtual whole [18]. The objective of grid computing is to give users access to IT resources when they need them. Benefits of GC: Grid computing allows organizations to meet two goals: 1. Remote access to IT assets 2. Aggregated processing power 4.1. Grid & Cloud Protocol Architecture Platform: collection of specialized tools, middleware and services on top of the unified resources to provide a development and/or deployment platform. Collective: interactions across collections of resources, directory services. Resource: discovery, negotiation, monitoring, accounting and payment of sharing operations on individual resources [12]. Unified Resource: resources that have been abstracted/ encapsulated.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/securityprivacyissuesofcloudgridcomputingnetworks-140312020715-phpapp02/75/Security-privacy-issues-of-cloud-grid-computing-networks-4-2048.jpg)
![International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 87 Connectivity: communication and authentication protocols. Figure 3. Grid & Cloud Protocol Architecture Grids are made up of processors, sensors, data-storage systems, applications and other IT resources, all of which are shared across the network. Grid computing [15] systems have made it possible to carry out a number of resource-demanding projects that had previously been impossible or highly challenging, due to the physical location of vital IT assets. 4.2 Similarity in Cloud & Grid Computing As cloud computing represents advancement from grid computing, there are naturally a number of similarities [21]. These are discussed below: Scalability: Scalability refers to the system’s ability to handle increasing amounts of work, or to improve performance. Both grid and cloud computing are scalable, as application instances are load balanced. CPU and network bandwidth is directed on demand. This means that grid and cloud systems have a storage capacity that fluctuates, depending on the number of users, instances and the amount of data transferred at a specific time. Multitenancy and Multitasking: Multitenancy refers to a situation in which a single instance of software is able to serve multiple clients (tenants). Multitasking refers to when multiple tasks (processes) share processing resources. Multitenancy and multitasking [2], common to both grid and cloud computing, allow numerous users to perform different tasks and access single or multiple application instances. 4.3 Differences between Grids and Clouds 1. Grid computing is better suited for organizations with large amounts of data being requested by a small number of users (or few but large allocation requests), whereas cloud computing is better suited to environments where there are a large number of users requesting small amounts of data (or many but small allocation requests). 2. Grids are well suited for complex scientific work in virtual organizations, explained Wolfgang Gentzsch, who was behind Sun's grid efforts and now sits on the board of directors of the Open Grid Forum and is an advisor to the EU DEISA project. Clouds, on the other hand, are well suited for simple work such as many short-running jobs, he said.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/securityprivacyissuesofcloudgridcomputingnetworks-140312020715-phpapp02/75/Security-privacy-issues-of-cloud-grid-computing-networks-5-2048.jpg)
![International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 88 3. Grids require batch job scheduling or sophisticated policies for allocating jobs, while clouds do not [13]. Table 1. Comparison of Cloud Computing & Grid Computing S. N. Characteristic Cloud Computing Grid Computing 1 Resource Handling Centralized & Distributed Distributed 2 Protocols TCP/IP,SOAP,REST, AJAX MPI,GIS, GRAM 3 Business Model Yes No 4 Task Size Small & Medium Single Large 5 SOA Yes Yes 6 Multitenancy Yes Yes 7 Heterogeneity Yes Yes 8 Scalable Yes Half 9 Switching Cost High Low 10 Value added Services Yes Half 5. TOOLS AND SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT FOR CLOUD & GRID COMPUTING Various tools and products which provide assistance in development applications on cloud & Grid computing are: 1. Zenoss a single, integrated product that monitors the entire IT infrastructure. It manages the networks, servers, virtual devices, storage, and cloud deployments. 2. CloudSim and CloudAnalyst are important for developers to evaluate the requirements of large-scale cloud applications. It helps developers with insights in how to distribute applications among cloud infrastructures and value added services. 3. Cloudera, an open-source Hadoop software framework is increasingly used in cloud computing deployments due to its flexibility with cluster-based, data intensive queries. 4. Spring Roo is a next generation rapid application development tool, combined with the power of Google Web Toolkit (GWT) that enables developers to build rich browser apps in enterprise production environments. 5. Paradyn, This Grid computing tool supports performance experiment management through techniques for quantitatively comparing several experiments and performance diagnosis based on dynamic instrumentation. 6. Nimrod-G uses the Globus middleware services for dynamic resource discovery and dispatching jobs over computational grids. It allows scientists and engineers to model parametric experiments and transparently stage the data and program at remote sites. 7. Condor-G represents the work of Globus and Condor projects which enables the utilization of large collections of resources that span across multiple domains as if they all belonged to the user’s personal domain.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/securityprivacyissuesofcloudgridcomputingnetworks-140312020715-phpapp02/75/Security-privacy-issues-of-cloud-grid-computing-networks-6-2048.jpg)
![International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 90 1. If you choose a cloud storage solution that relies on a password to access your data, choose a password that's difficult to hack with dictionary attacks, and change your password often to reduce the chances of success from brute force attacks. 2. If you have a standalone cloud storage app installed on your computer, check to be sure that app uses some type of encryption for its Internet exchanges. 3. Hackers usually want the most information for the least effort. This means they will likely attack the heart of a cloud storage service rather than its individual users. Thus, you probably want to find a service provider with a good history of keeping its clients' accounts and data secure. 7. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE SCOPE In this paper, we have presented a detailed comparison on the Grid computing & Cloud computing. Cloud Computing is the next big thing in the arena of computing and storage. In any case, cloud is getting bigger and better, and as long as they are available through web services, without capital infrastructure investment at reasonable price, it is for sure going to proliferate and create robust demand in times to come. It provides a virtual storage space to the user which could be used without bothering about the details of the entire mechanism. Cloud computing is based on grid computing, and allows users to access shared servers, which distribute resources, software and data on demand. This paper strives the Simulation tools & tips for the store data or files in the Cloud with safe way. The cloud computing will becomes all the more important with the omnipresence of high-speed, broadband Internet. With the arrival of cloud computing it is no longer necessary to purchase hard drives with large storage capacity, as it can be stored on cloud. cloud computing has many difficult hurdles to overcome, including concerns tied to the availability of broadband spectrum, the ability of diverse systems to work together, security, privacy, and quality of service. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the management who constantly inspired to involve in research work and special thanks to Dr. M. K. Doshi for cordial cooperation and motivation in our work. We would also like to thank for the valuable information they provided us and our family members for their love and care. REFERENCES [1] Foster, Y. Zhao, I. Raicu and S. Lu, (2008). “Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared”, Proc. IEEE Grid Computing Environments Workshop, pp. 1-10. [2] Vecchiola, M. Kirley, and R. Buyya,(2009). “Multi-Objective problem solving with Offspring on Enterprise Clouds”, Proc. 10th Intl. Conf. on High Performance Computing (HPC Asia’09). [3] Y. Zhao, I. Raicu, I. Foster, (2008). “Scientific Workflow Systems for 21st Century, New Bottle or New Wine?”, IEEE Workshop on Scientific Workflows. [4] M. Armbrust et al., “A View of Cloud Computing”, Comm. ACM, vol. 53, no. 4, 2010, pp. 50–58. [5] M. D. Dikaiakos et al., “Cloud Computing: Distributed Internet Computing for IT and Scientific Research”, IEEE Internet Com¬puting, vol. 13, no. 5, 2009, pp. 10–13. [6] K. Chard et al., “Social Cloud: Cloud Computing in Social Networks”, Proc. 3rd Int’l Conf. Cloud Computing (IEEE Cloud 10), IEEE CS Press, 2010, preprint. [7] D. Durkee, “Why Cloud Computing Will Never Be Free”, Comm. ACM, vol. 53, no. 5, 2010, pp. 62–69.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/securityprivacyissuesofcloudgridcomputingnetworks-140312020715-phpapp02/75/Security-privacy-issues-of-cloud-grid-computing-networks-8-2048.jpg)
![International Journal on Computational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 91 [8] Gruschka N, Iancono LL, Jensen M and Schwenk J,(2009). “On Technical Security Issues in Cloud Computing”, 09 IEEE Intl. Conf. on Cloud Computing, pp 110-112. [9] Balachandra R K, Ramakrishna P V, Dr. Rakshit A, “Cloud Security Issues”, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, viewed 26 October 2009, pp 517-520. [10] R. Buyya, Y. Chee Shin, S. Venugopal, (2008). “Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities”, In 10th IEEE Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications. [11] V. Stantchev, C. Schröpfer, (2009). "Negotiating and Enforcing QoS and SLAs in Grid and Cloud Computing," in 4th Intl. Conf. on Advances in Grid and Pervasive Computing. [12] R. S. Mendes, C. B. Westphall, E. R. Garcia (2010). “A framework to Radio Layer Operation in Cognitive Networks,” in 6th Intl. Conf. on Networking and Services [13] A Platform Computing Whitepaper, “Enterprise Cloud Computing:Transforming IT”, Platform Computing, pp6, viewed 13 March 2010. [14] Cloud Security Alliance Web site, http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/, viewed 19 March 2010. [15] R. Prodan, T. Fahringer, (2003). “On Using ZENTURIO for Performance and Parameter Studies on Cluster and Grid Architectures”, Proc. of the 11th Euromicro Conf. on Parallel, Distributed and Network-BasedbProcessing (Euro-PDP’03). [16] M. Armburst et al., (2009). “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”, Tech. report, Univ. of California, Berkeley. [17] I. Foster, (2002). “What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist”. [18] F. Berman, A. Hey and G. Fox (2003). Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality. John Wiley and Sons. [19] “What is cloud computing?” http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0sid201gci1287881,00.html. [20] B. Hayes, “Cloud computing: Communications of the ACM”. 51 (7) (2008). [21] T. Dillon, C. Wu, E. Chang, (2010). 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, “Cloud computing: issues and challenges”. Authors Profile Kamal Kant Hiran has obtained M.Tech (Gold Medalist) in Info. Communication from Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India with Honors and B. Engg. in Information Technology from University of Rajasthan, India. He is Life member of various professional bodies like Institution of Engg & Technology (IET), London, UK, International Association of Engineers (IAENG), Universal Association of Computer and Electronics Engineers (UACEE), International Association of Computer Science & Information Technology (IACSIT), Singapore. He is Reviewer & member of Editorial Board team in various reputed International Journals like IJSET, IJTEE, IJSTR and IJERT. His research interest includes Digital Image Processing and it applications in biometric security, forensic science, and pattern recognition, early detection of breast and tumor cancer. Mrs. Ruchi Doshi has obtained B.Engg. in Computer Science & Engineering from MLS University, Udaipur, India & M.B.A in Major IT and Minor HR from Rajasthan Technical University, Rajasthan, India with first class. She has more than four years of experience in academics as well in Software industry as a Lecturer & Software Engineer. She is also presented & published research papers in International & National conferences. She has been extensively involved in various research activities including supervising summer projects and postgraduate dissertations of final semester students. She is Life member of various professional bodies like International Association of Engineers (IAENG) Universal Association of Computer and Electronics Engineers (UACEE), International Association of Computer Science & Information Technology (IACSIT), Singapore.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/securityprivacyissuesofcloudgridcomputingnetworks-140312020715-phpapp02/75/Security-privacy-issues-of-cloud-grid-computing-networks-9-2048.jpg)
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Security & privacy issues of cloud & grid computing networks
The document discusses the security and privacy issues of cloud and grid computing, highlighting their significance in information technology. It compares and contrasts cloud computing with grid computing, detailing the benefits, services, and tools associated with each model, while also emphasizing the critical importance of data security. The paper concludes with insights into future developments of cloud computing and the importance of safeguarding data in cloud environments.
Security & privacy issues of cloud & grid computing networks
- 1. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 DOI:10.5121/ijcsa.2014.4108 83 SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUES OF CLOUD & GRID COMPUTING NETWORKS Kamal Kant Hiran1 , Ruchi Doshi2 , Dr.Rakesh Rathi3 1 Deptt of IT, Head, Sikkim Manipal University, Ghana, West Africa 2 Deptt of Technology, Program Coordinator, BlueCrest College, Ghana, West Africa 3 Deptt of CE & IT, PG Coordinator, Govt. Engineering College, Ajmer, India ABSTRACT Cloud computing is a new field in Internet computing that provides novel perspectives in internetworking technologies. Cloud computing has become a significant technology in field of information technology. Security of confidential data is a very important area of concern as it can make way for very big problems if unauthorized users get access to it. Cloud computing should have proper techniques where data is segregated properly for data security and confidentiality. This paper strives to compare and contrast cloud computing with grid computing, along with the Tools and simulation environment & Tips to store data and files safely in Cloud. KEYWORDS Cloud computing; internetworking; grid computing; confidentiality 1. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing provides secure anytime-anywhere access, high-level security and data privacy [9]. Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility. Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Cloud computing providers deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from a Web browser, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. Cloud Computing defined according to Foster, Zhao, Raicu and Lu [1] as: “A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet.” A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers according to Buyya R.[10]. Cloud computing tries to enhance the concept of Grid computing and avoid the single point of failure when one unit fails [17], [19]. Cloud computing is designed to act as one whole and its compound units to be automatically interchangeable. That is why cloud hosting offers the highest level of data security in the hosting market. Cloud refers to a collection of nodes and the Cloud computing model focuses on the Cloud to provide the services to the customers. Computing clouds & grids are changing the whole IT, service industry, and global economy. Clearly, cloud
- 2. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 84 computing demands ubiquity, efficiency, security, and trustworthiness. Cloud & Grid computing [21] has become a common practice in business, government, education, and entertainment leveraging 50 millions of servers globally installed at thousands of datacenters today. There are three main factors contributing to the surge and interests in Cloud & Grid Computing: 1. Rapid decrease in hardware cost and increase in computing power and storage capacity 2. The exponentially growing data size in scientific instrumentation/simulation and Internet publishing. 3. The wide-spread adoption of Services Computing. 2. PRINCIPLES OF CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud is a collection of computers and servers that are publicly accessible via the Internet. Cloud computing collects all the computing resources and manages them automatically through software. In the process of data analysis, it integrates the history data and present data to make the collected information more accurate and provide more intelligent service for users and enterprises [6]. The users need not care how to buy servers, software, solutions and so on. Users can buy the computing resource through internet according to their own needs. Cloud is not only simply collecting the computer resource, but also provides a management mechanism and can provide services for millions of users simultaneously. Nowadays, virtualization is entering every field of data center [7]. It has become useful tool and improved service capacity. When the storage and computing capacity of the server cluster are surplus, we need not purchase servers, all we need to add a virtual machine running on the server. Figure 1. Network diagram in Cloud Computing [5] The user’s request then gets passed to the system management, which finds the correct resources and then calls the system’s appropriate provisioning services. These services carve out the necessary resources in the cloud, launch the appropriate web application and either creates or opens the requested document. After the web application is launched, the system’s monitoring and metering functions track the usage of the cloud so that resources are apportioned and attributed to the proper user(s). Once you have moved the bulk of your mainstream computing to the cloud, you can access it from any PC and your mobile phone. This is an enormous convenience which businesses are benefiting from today, and it can work just as well for the home user.
- 3. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 85 The data center you choose should offer the following protection measures: Physical Security: Physical security covers the hardware side of the data center [14]. It deals with online redundant issues like power supplies. Application security measures include: • Redundant power supplies • Redundant Internet connections • Redundant hardware Application Security: Application security covers the software side of the data center. It deals with online security issues like hackers and viruses [8]. Application security measures include: • Anti-virus detection software • Data encryption software • Administrative controls • Security audits 2.1. Cloud computing benefits include Cloud computing [20] provides secure anytime-anywhere access, high-level security and data privacy, and it holds the potential to bring about some of the most far-reaching efficiency and productivity improvements ever seen in the tax and accounting profession [16]. • Reduced costs • Redundant data storage • Fast Application Deployment • Anytime/anywhere data access • Increased storage capacity • Dedicated resources • Better Resources Utilization • Platform Independent, Security, • Hassle -free maintenance 3. CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES A wide range of Cloud services are currently available to the public [11]. These services are broadly divided into three categories: 1. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) 2. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) 3. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) 3.1. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Software-as-a-Service commonly refers to applications delivered to the end user through a web browser or any other web-rich client [4]. This kind of cloud computing transfer programs to millions of users through browser. In the user’s views, this can save some cost on servers and software. In the provider’s views, they only need to maintain one program, this can also save cost. Salesforce.com is so far the most famous company that provides this kind of service. Because the service provider hosts both the application and the data, the end user is free to use the service from anywhere. Examples: Microsoft OfficeLive, DropBox, and CloudNumbers. 3.2. Plateform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Cloud platform services, also known as Platform as a Service (PaaS), deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service. It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.
- 4. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 86 Examples: Google Apps, SalesForce, VMforce and Joyent Accelerator. Figure 2. Cloud Service Models 3.3. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Infrastructure-as-a-Service [3] provides maximum control where a computing infrastructure can be assembled from the operating system upwards like Amazon Web Services provides virtual server instance API (Application programming interface) to start, stop, access and configure their virtual servers and storage. Examples: Amazon EC2, Eucalyptus Community Cloud, and IBM Cloudburst. Some providers offer cloud computing services for free while others require a paid subscription. 4. GRID COMPUTING Grid computing links disparate computers, forming a single unified infrastructure. Grid computing links the disparate parts as a virtual whole [18]. The objective of grid computing is to give users access to IT resources when they need them. Benefits of GC: Grid computing allows organizations to meet two goals: 1. Remote access to IT assets 2. Aggregated processing power 4.1. Grid & Cloud Protocol Architecture Platform: collection of specialized tools, middleware and services on top of the unified resources to provide a development and/or deployment platform. Collective: interactions across collections of resources, directory services. Resource: discovery, negotiation, monitoring, accounting and payment of sharing operations on individual resources [12]. Unified Resource: resources that have been abstracted/ encapsulated.
- 5. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 87 Connectivity: communication and authentication protocols. Figure 3. Grid & Cloud Protocol Architecture Grids are made up of processors, sensors, data-storage systems, applications and other IT resources, all of which are shared across the network. Grid computing [15] systems have made it possible to carry out a number of resource-demanding projects that had previously been impossible or highly challenging, due to the physical location of vital IT assets. 4.2 Similarity in Cloud & Grid Computing As cloud computing represents advancement from grid computing, there are naturally a number of similarities [21]. These are discussed below: Scalability: Scalability refers to the system’s ability to handle increasing amounts of work, or to improve performance. Both grid and cloud computing are scalable, as application instances are load balanced. CPU and network bandwidth is directed on demand. This means that grid and cloud systems have a storage capacity that fluctuates, depending on the number of users, instances and the amount of data transferred at a specific time. Multitenancy and Multitasking: Multitenancy refers to a situation in which a single instance of software is able to serve multiple clients (tenants). Multitasking refers to when multiple tasks (processes) share processing resources. Multitenancy and multitasking [2], common to both grid and cloud computing, allow numerous users to perform different tasks and access single or multiple application instances. 4.3 Differences between Grids and Clouds 1. Grid computing is better suited for organizations with large amounts of data being requested by a small number of users (or few but large allocation requests), whereas cloud computing is better suited to environments where there are a large number of users requesting small amounts of data (or many but small allocation requests). 2. Grids are well suited for complex scientific work in virtual organizations, explained Wolfgang Gentzsch, who was behind Sun's grid efforts and now sits on the board of directors of the Open Grid Forum and is an advisor to the EU DEISA project. Clouds, on the other hand, are well suited for simple work such as many short-running jobs, he said.
- 6. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 88 3. Grids require batch job scheduling or sophisticated policies for allocating jobs, while clouds do not [13]. Table 1. Comparison of Cloud Computing & Grid Computing S. N. Characteristic Cloud Computing Grid Computing 1 Resource Handling Centralized & Distributed Distributed 2 Protocols TCP/IP,SOAP,REST, AJAX MPI,GIS, GRAM 3 Business Model Yes No 4 Task Size Small & Medium Single Large 5 SOA Yes Yes 6 Multitenancy Yes Yes 7 Heterogeneity Yes Yes 8 Scalable Yes Half 9 Switching Cost High Low 10 Value added Services Yes Half 5. TOOLS AND SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT FOR CLOUD & GRID COMPUTING Various tools and products which provide assistance in development applications on cloud & Grid computing are: 1. Zenoss a single, integrated product that monitors the entire IT infrastructure. It manages the networks, servers, virtual devices, storage, and cloud deployments. 2. CloudSim and CloudAnalyst are important for developers to evaluate the requirements of large-scale cloud applications. It helps developers with insights in how to distribute applications among cloud infrastructures and value added services. 3. Cloudera, an open-source Hadoop software framework is increasingly used in cloud computing deployments due to its flexibility with cluster-based, data intensive queries. 4. Spring Roo is a next generation rapid application development tool, combined with the power of Google Web Toolkit (GWT) that enables developers to build rich browser apps in enterprise production environments. 5. Paradyn, This Grid computing tool supports performance experiment management through techniques for quantitatively comparing several experiments and performance diagnosis based on dynamic instrumentation. 6. Nimrod-G uses the Globus middleware services for dynamic resource discovery and dispatching jobs over computational grids. It allows scientists and engineers to model parametric experiments and transparently stage the data and program at remote sites. 7. Condor-G represents the work of Globus and Condor projects which enables the utilization of large collections of resources that span across multiple domains as if they all belonged to the user’s personal domain.
- 7. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 89 8. Globus, an open source software toolkit that facilitates construction of computational grids and grid based applications, across corporate, institutional and geographic boundaries. Table 2. Comparison of different Cloud Computing Storage Space Services Storage Space S.N. Service Free 25-30 GB 50 GB More Special Use 1 Amazon Cloud Drive 5 GB N/A $25/yr 1000 GB: $500/yr N/A 2 Apple iCloud 5 GB $40/yr (25 GB) $100/yr N/A N/A 3 Cubby 5 GB N/A N/A 100 GB: $6.99/mon Peer to Peer Sharing 4 Dropbox 2 GB N/A N/A 100 GB: $9.99/mon Real time Collaboration 5 Google drive 5 GB $2.49/mon (25 GB) N/A 100 GB: $4.99/mon N/A 6 IDrive 5 GB N/A N/A 150 GB: $4.95/mon N/A 7 Microsoft skyDrive 7 GB $10/yr $25/yr 107 GB: $50/yr N/A 8 Mozy N/A N/A $19.99/mon 1 TB: $379.99/mon N/A 6. TIPS TO STORE DATA AND FILES SAFELY IN CLOUD The days of keeping all your documents, photos and music on your computers hard drive are gradually coming to a close. Cloud storage is helping to solve the ever-present need for more storage space to hold all of your digital property. The following is an analysis of the public cloud services market size and annual growth rates: Figure 4. Public Cloud Services Market and Annual growth Rate, 2010-2016.
- 8. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 90 1. If you choose a cloud storage solution that relies on a password to access your data, choose a password that's difficult to hack with dictionary attacks, and change your password often to reduce the chances of success from brute force attacks. 2. If you have a standalone cloud storage app installed on your computer, check to be sure that app uses some type of encryption for its Internet exchanges. 3. Hackers usually want the most information for the least effort. This means they will likely attack the heart of a cloud storage service rather than its individual users. Thus, you probably want to find a service provider with a good history of keeping its clients' accounts and data secure. 7. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE SCOPE In this paper, we have presented a detailed comparison on the Grid computing & Cloud computing. Cloud Computing is the next big thing in the arena of computing and storage. In any case, cloud is getting bigger and better, and as long as they are available through web services, without capital infrastructure investment at reasonable price, it is for sure going to proliferate and create robust demand in times to come. It provides a virtual storage space to the user which could be used without bothering about the details of the entire mechanism. Cloud computing is based on grid computing, and allows users to access shared servers, which distribute resources, software and data on demand. This paper strives the Simulation tools & tips for the store data or files in the Cloud with safe way. The cloud computing will becomes all the more important with the omnipresence of high-speed, broadband Internet. With the arrival of cloud computing it is no longer necessary to purchase hard drives with large storage capacity, as it can be stored on cloud. cloud computing has many difficult hurdles to overcome, including concerns tied to the availability of broadband spectrum, the ability of diverse systems to work together, security, privacy, and quality of service. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the management who constantly inspired to involve in research work and special thanks to Dr. M. K. Doshi for cordial cooperation and motivation in our work. We would also like to thank for the valuable information they provided us and our family members for their love and care. REFERENCES [1] Foster, Y. Zhao, I. Raicu and S. Lu, (2008). “Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared”, Proc. IEEE Grid Computing Environments Workshop, pp. 1-10. [2] Vecchiola, M. Kirley, and R. Buyya,(2009). “Multi-Objective problem solving with Offspring on Enterprise Clouds”, Proc. 10th Intl. Conf. on High Performance Computing (HPC Asia’09). [3] Y. Zhao, I. Raicu, I. Foster, (2008). “Scientific Workflow Systems for 21st Century, New Bottle or New Wine?”, IEEE Workshop on Scientific Workflows. [4] M. Armbrust et al., “A View of Cloud Computing”, Comm. ACM, vol. 53, no. 4, 2010, pp. 50–58. [5] M. D. Dikaiakos et al., “Cloud Computing: Distributed Internet Computing for IT and Scientific Research”, IEEE Internet Com¬puting, vol. 13, no. 5, 2009, pp. 10–13. [6] K. Chard et al., “Social Cloud: Cloud Computing in Social Networks”, Proc. 3rd Int’l Conf. Cloud Computing (IEEE Cloud 10), IEEE CS Press, 2010, preprint. [7] D. Durkee, “Why Cloud Computing Will Never Be Free”, Comm. ACM, vol. 53, no. 5, 2010, pp. 62–69.
- 9. International Journal onComputational Sciences & Applications (IJCSA) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014 91 [8] Gruschka N, Iancono LL, Jensen M and Schwenk J,(2009). “On Technical Security Issues in Cloud Computing”, 09 IEEE Intl. Conf. on Cloud Computing, pp 110-112. [9] Balachandra R K, Ramakrishna P V, Dr. Rakshit A, “Cloud Security Issues”, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, viewed 26 October 2009, pp 517-520. [10] R. Buyya, Y. Chee Shin, S. Venugopal, (2008). “Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities”, In 10th IEEE Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications. [11] V. Stantchev, C. Schröpfer, (2009). "Negotiating and Enforcing QoS and SLAs in Grid and Cloud Computing," in 4th Intl. Conf. on Advances in Grid and Pervasive Computing. [12] R. S. Mendes, C. B. Westphall, E. R. Garcia (2010). “A framework to Radio Layer Operation in Cognitive Networks,” in 6th Intl. Conf. on Networking and Services [13] A Platform Computing Whitepaper, “Enterprise Cloud Computing:Transforming IT”, Platform Computing, pp6, viewed 13 March 2010. [14] Cloud Security Alliance Web site, http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/, viewed 19 March 2010. [15] R. Prodan, T. Fahringer, (2003). “On Using ZENTURIO for Performance and Parameter Studies on Cluster and Grid Architectures”, Proc. of the 11th Euromicro Conf. on Parallel, Distributed and Network-BasedbProcessing (Euro-PDP’03). [16] M. Armburst et al., (2009). “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”, Tech. report, Univ. of California, Berkeley. [17] I. Foster, (2002). “What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist”. [18] F. Berman, A. Hey and G. Fox (2003). Grid Computing: Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality. John Wiley and Sons. [19] “What is cloud computing?” http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0sid201gci1287881,00.html. [20] B. Hayes, “Cloud computing: Communications of the ACM”. 51 (7) (2008). [21] T. Dillon, C. Wu, E. Chang, (2010). 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, “Cloud computing: issues and challenges”. Authors Profile Kamal Kant Hiran has obtained M.Tech (Gold Medalist) in Info. Communication from Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India with Honors and B. Engg. in Information Technology from University of Rajasthan, India. He is Life member of various professional bodies like Institution of Engg & Technology (IET), London, UK, International Association of Engineers (IAENG), Universal Association of Computer and Electronics Engineers (UACEE), International Association of Computer Science & Information Technology (IACSIT), Singapore. He is Reviewer & member of Editorial Board team in various reputed International Journals like IJSET, IJTEE, IJSTR and IJERT. His research interest includes Digital Image Processing and it applications in biometric security, forensic science, and pattern recognition, early detection of breast and tumor cancer. Mrs. Ruchi Doshi has obtained B.Engg. in Computer Science & Engineering from MLS University, Udaipur, India & M.B.A in Major IT and Minor HR from Rajasthan Technical University, Rajasthan, India with first class. She has more than four years of experience in academics as well in Software industry as a Lecturer & Software Engineer. She is also presented & published research papers in International & National conferences. She has been extensively involved in various research activities including supervising summer projects and postgraduate dissertations of final semester students. She is Life member of various professional bodies like International Association of Engineers (IAENG) Universal Association of Computer and Electronics Engineers (UACEE), International Association of Computer Science & Information Technology (IACSIT), Singapore.