cloud computing-Introduction

Everyone is talking about “The Cloud.” But what does it mean?

• Do you have electricity at home? • Do u have generator or turbine?

DO YOU USE? • Servers • Ram

HOW MANY OF YOU USE CLOUD COMPUTING? • Facebook • Gmail • Orkut • Youtube • You are headed for the clouds

If you use email, or go to a social network and post photos, access online document software, or use your company's hardware/software, you're probably using the cloud

CLOUD COMPUTING: AN OLD IDEA WHOSE TIME HAS (FINALLY) COME • John McCarthy opined in the 1960s that “Computation may someday be organized as a public utility. • Cloud Computing's roots go all the way back to the 1950s when scientist Herb Grosch (the author ofGrosch's law ) postulated that the entire world would operate on dumb terminals powered by about 15 large data centers

• Cloud Computing is an emerging computing technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications´. • Cloud is a style of computing where scalable and elastic IT-related capabilities are provided as a service to external customers using Internet technologies on a pay per use model-Gartner

We all know we can access electricity from the power station from anywhere, anytime from any electrical device as long as we are connected to a power point. We can access as much or as little as we want, and we only pay for what we use. Cloud Computing works using the same principle.

Cloud Computing can be compared to electricity 1.On demand 2.Broad access 3.measured access (Bill)

• Your phone charger, laptop or any electrical device in your office only accepts electricity from your office and nowhere else! Yes! Your charger, your laptop, your projector even your toaster in the office are only compatible with the electricity in your office. • If you are using cloud computing, like the electricity grid, if you have a party at your office and need more power to accommodate the lights, the stereo, the bar, the band etc, you just switch it on and you only pay for your usage that night!

• The actual term “Cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated point-to-point data circuits, • began offering VIRTUALPRIVATE NETWORK (VPN)´ services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK • VPN is nothing but a private network, which uses a public network to connect with remote users or sites

Web Hosting VS Cloud computing • Web Hosting gives you a fixed server or a portion of a single server, where cloud computing gives you the benefit of many servers all working together as one. • Where Cloud Computing really offers benefits is when a Website or application gets hit with a lot of traffic in a very short amount of time. • This is also known as “Slash-Dotted" or “T he Digg Effect”.

Three reasons on why Cloud • Scalability • Cost • Instant

TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud Computing is typically classified in two ways: • Location of the cloud computing • Type of services offered

BASED ON LOCATION • Public Cloud: In Public cloud the computing infrastructure is hosted by the cloud vendor at the vendors premises. The customer has no visibility and control over where the computing infrastructure is hosted. The computing infrastructure is shared between any organizations.

• Private cloud : The computing infrastructure is dedicated to a particular organization and not shared with other organizations. Some experts consider that private clouds are not real examples of cloud computing. Private clouds are more expensive and more secure when compared to public clouds.

TYPES OF PRIVATE CLOUD • On premise • Externally hosted by a third party specialised in cloud infrastructure

• Hybrid cloud : Organizations may host critical applications on private clouds and applications with relatively less security concerns on the public cloud. The usage of both private and public clouds together is called hybrid cloud

• Community Cloud :Sharing of computing infrastructure in between organizations of the same community. For example:- all Government organizations within the state of California may share computing infrastructure on the cloud to manage data related to citizens residing in California.

INFRASTRUTURE AS A SERVICE(IAAS) It involves offering hardware related services using the principles of cloud computing. These could include some kind of storage services (database or disk storage) or virtual servers

SOFTWARE AS SERVICE(SAAS) • Includes a complete software offering on the cloud. • Users can access a software application hosted by the cloud vendor on pay-per- use basis

PLATFORM AS A SERVICE(PAAS) • Platform as a Service (PAAS) is a way to rent hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. • The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones.

When it comes to the Operating System (OS), it is often arguable whether it’s managed by the provider or customer. Using AWS as an example, AMI (Amazon Machine Image) offers customers several types of Operating Systems such as Windows Server, Linux SUSE, andLinux Red Hat. Although the OS is preloaded, AWS will not maintain or update it.

Considering a common scenario when you have finished developing a multi- tier application, you as the developer will need to deploy it to the cloud. The application will need to be hosted on a Web Server and an RDBMS database

• Preparing Database Servers : Select the VM Images from the VM Images library. The VM Image will then get provisioned and launched. If DBMS software is not provided, you will need to install DBMS on your own. • Preparing Web / Application Servers : Select VM Images from the library to get provisioned and launched. If the web/app server/runtime aren’t installed, you’ll need to install them by yourself. • Provisioning a Database and Its Objects : The next step is about provisioning the database, including configuring the data files, log files, security, etc. Then you create the tables and add data to it. • Deploying Your Application : Next you take the application that you’ve developed and deploy it to the Web Server. • Configuring load-balancer : When you need to host your application on multiple instances, you may also need to configure things such as the IP Address for each instance and load balancer. • Managing Your VMs and DMBS : The final step is about managing the VMs. For example, when there’s an update or service pack on the OS, the IAAS provider will not automatically do it for you. Instead, you may need to do it by yourself.

DATABASE PROVISIONING You might need to indicate where (which region) your virtual DB Server is provisioned, but you don’t have to install a bunch of DBMS software on your own. You will need to provision the database, create tables, and add data.

• If the VM where your application is hosted has any hardware issues, the provider should be able to detect the failure and rectify it immediately to make sure that your application will stay up and running. In Windows Azure, Fabric Controller will be the component handling these kinds of issues. • If there are new updates or patches on the Operating System, the provider will make sure that the VM your application sits on is always updated. For example: Windows Azure uses “Guest OS Version” to differentiate service updates. Of course you can also choose to stick to one version or auto-update.

• PAAS providers indeed take on much more responsibility for your solution than an IAAS provider would.

BASIC REQUIREMENT OF A CLOUD • Scalability involves the ability to grow large while functionality remains undiminished. • Resilience is the ability to keep going when infrastructure elements fail. • A cloud must support Security requirements for applications

SCALABILITY • Scalability is the ability of a system, network, or process, to handle a growing amount of work in a capable manner or its ability to be enlarged to accommodate that growth • The ability for a Distributed System to easily expand and contract its resource pool to accommodate heavier or lighter loads or number of inputs

CLOUD COMPUTING BENEFITS • Redundant data storage - Even if one hard disk fails your data is safe and will continue to be available automatically on another one; • Dedicated resources - The latest cloud computing technology ensures that your resources are dedicated to you and not shared to others. This includes RAM and CPU according to the plan you choose. • No single point of failure - Each part of the service is ensured to be redundant and distributed. This means that there are no hardware problems, nor software problems from the underlying technology. • Resource usage efficiency - Best options to scale to your usage and naturally pay only what you use. • Security - Each cloud user can be reliably isolated in his / her own environment. This ensures that security problems will be also isolated in the otherwise shared environment.

VIRTUALIZATION • Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as an Operating System, a server, a storage device or network resources. • You probably know a little about virtualization if you have ever divided your Hard Drive into different partitions. A Partition is the logical division of a hard disk drive to create, in effect, two separate hard drives.

REASONS FOR VIRTUALISATION • n the case of server consolidation, many small physical servers are replaced by one larger physical server to increase the utilization of costly hardware resources such as CPU. Although hardware is consolidated, typically OSes are not. Instead, each OS running on a physical server becomes converted to a distinct OS running inside a virtual machine. The large server can "host" many such "guest" virtual machines. This is known as Physical-to- Virtual (P2V) transformation. • Consolidating servers can also have the added benefit of reducing energy consumption. A typical server runs at 425W[3] and VMware estimates an average server consolidation ratio of 10:1. [4] • A virtual machine can be more easily controlled and inspected from outside than a physical one, and its configuration is more flexible. This is very useful in kernel development and for teaching operating system courses. [5] • A new virtual machine can be provisioned as needed without the need for an up-front hardware purchase. • A virtual machine can easily be relocated from one physical machine to another as needed. For example, a salesperson going to a customer can copy a virtual machine with the demonstration software to his laptop, without the need to transport the physical computer. Likewise, an error inside a virtual machine does not harm the host system, so there is no risk of breaking down the OS on the laptop.

FEAR OF CLOUD Data security: Sensitive data processed outside the enterprise involves a greater level of risk because outsourced services bypass the “physical, logical and personnel controls” when compared with the control measures imposed on the in-house programs. Customers are responsible ultimately to the security of the data even though the data are held by the cloud service provide

RELIABILITY AND VIABLITY • Reliability is the level of accuracy an application provides for its intended services, usually dictated by user documentation or application specifications. • Reliability is about providing correct results and handling error detection and recovery in order to avoid failures.More formally,the mean time between failures (MTBF),that is, the average length of time the application runs until a failure occurs,defines reliability.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES • The Cloud data that are secured in one country are not secured in another country and the user is not sure about where his data are and most of the times it is not disclosed to the user. • So the user has to enquire the provider as to the details of data protection laws in the relevant jurisdictions.

PHISHING ISSUES • Phishing is other major issue the cloud service provider faces. • In November 2007, a successful phishing attack compromised contact information on a number of salesforce.com customers, which was then used to send highly targeted phishing emails to salesforce.com users. • The phishing breach was cited as an example of why the CRM industry needs greater security for users against such threats as spam.

TRANSPARENCY • One of the problems regarding the data when they are with a cloud service provider is transparency, and this is not only with Cloud Computing but anything. It should not be enough for service providers to merely claim that their services are private and secure

CRITICISM • Cloud Computing was simply a trap aimed at forcing more people to buy into locked, proprietary systems that would cost them more and more over time. • Transmission of sensitive data

CLOUD BENEFITS FOR BUSINESS • Firms are still looking for the right balance between reducing the IT budget and maintaining robust and efficient systems to support performance needs. • Most beneficial for start ups

COST AND SAVINGS • Here is no question that migrating to a Cloud-Computing model can render significant cost savings for an investment firm. • Rather than purchasing costly infrastructure and building out their own communications room, firms can outsource that infrastructure to a third- party and manage all of their data and applications from a simple Web address on the Internet

GREEN BENEFITS • Using the Internet as a gateway to technology –has a significant environmental benefit. • The resources needed to maintain and manage a traditional communications room are considerable. • Power, cooling and basic energy supply equipment must be at peak performance at all times in order to facilitate maximum uptime for hedge funds and investment firms.With cloud computing, firms don’t need to host internal equipment,thereby saving on energy costs

SAYING “YES” TO CLOUD COMPUTING • Each firm must rely on its own needs and resources in order to determine whether cloud computing is a good fit. • Firms should assess their individual needs and determine the best strategy based on their current requirements.

cloud computing-Introduction

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