Scala is a programming language that runs on the JVM and fuses functional and object-oriented paradigms. It aims to provide functional programming for programmers with an imperative mindset. Key features include functions as first-class values, pattern matching, traits for composition, and seamless interoperability with Java. While some features appear to be language features, many are actually implemented via libraries. The Scala community is growing with adoption by companies and increasing support in tools and publications.