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OSGi, Scripting and REST, Building Webapps With Apache Sling
- 1. Carsten Ziegeler |Day Management AG OSGi, Scripting, REST Webapps with Apache Sling cziegeler@apache.org
- 2. About • Member ofthe ASF – Sling, Felix, Cocoon, Portals, Sanselan, Excalibur, Incubator – PMC: Felix, Portals, Sling, Incubator, Excalibur (Chair) • RnD Team at Day Software • Article/Book Author, Technical Reviewer • JSR 286 Spec Group (Portlet API 2.0) 2
- 3. Agenda – ApacheSling 1 Motivation 2 Content and JCR 3 Web and REST 4 Scripting 5 OSGi 6 Outlook 3
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- 5. Web Challenges • Publishhuge amount of information – Different types – Highly dynamic – Different output formats • Web 2.0 ready – Collaboration and integration • Fast changing requirements – Rapid prototyping and development – Dynamic, extensible but maintainable 5
- 6. Web Challenges • Publishhuge amount of information – Different types JCR – Highly dynamic – Different output formats REST ROA • Web 2.0 ready – Collaboration and integration • Fast changing requirements Scripting – Rapid prototyping and development – Dynamic, extensible but maintainable OSGi 6
- 7. Apache Sling –The Fun Is Back • Web framework th 5 Winner JAX Innovation Award 2008 • Java content repository (JCR) • ROA / REST • Scripting inside • OSGi • Apache Open Source top level project – http://sling.apache.org • Driving force behind several OSGi related projects at Apache 7
- 8. Apache Sling PoweredSite 8
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- 10. Content Is Important •Apache Sling makes handling content easy • Java content repository (JCR) – Several different sources possible • Direct mapping: URL -> content – Configurable – http://myserver.domain/products/sling .html • Flexible rendering 10
- 11. Content Repository I •Features of an RDBMS – Structure, integrity – Query, transactions • Features of a filesystem – Hierarchy, binaries – Locking, access control • All the other good stuff – Observation, versioning – Unstructured – Multi values, sort order, full text • Single repository for all content! 11
- 12. JCR – JSR170, JSR 283 • Content Repository for Java technology API • (Java) Standard – Supported by many vendors – Used by many products and projects – Several open source solutions • How do you connect to a CR? • How do you interact with a CR? JSR 283 – Version 2.0 – Final since September 09 12
- 13. Sample Application: Slingshot •Digital Asset Management – Hierarchical storage of pictures – Upload – Tagging Poor man's flickr... – Searching – Automatic thumbnail generation 13 13
- 14. Slingshot Content Structure Travel Family Europe Weddings Amsterdam Basel 2008 2007 City Photo Photo Photo Photo 14
- 15. Content Repository II •Hierarchical content – Nodes and properties • Structured – Nodetypes and typed properties • And/or unstructured • Fine and coarse-grained • Single repository for all content! 15
- 16. The Repository Model • Repository: one (or more) workspaces • Workspace contains a tree of items • Item: Node or property • Nodes provide the content structure – May have children • Actual data is stored as values of properties • Types and namespaces! 16
- 17. Nodes and Properties Root Travel Family Europe “Images from Europe“ Weddings Amsterdam Basel 2008 2007 City Photo Photo Photo Photo „Once upon a time..“ Properties Implementation of JCR 17
- 18. Apache Jackrabbit • JSR170, JSR 283 reference implementation • Apache TLP since 2006 • Several releases • JCR 2.0 implementation end of 2009 • Additional components 18
- 19. Leverage the standardnode types • Type hierarchy • Content hierarchy nt:hierarchyNode nt:folder nt:file nt:linkedFile nt:unstructured 19
- 20. Bottom-up modeling: Nodetypes slingshot:album > nt:folder slingshot:tag - slingshot:description (string) - slingshot:description (string) - slingshot:date (date) slingshot:photo > nt:file - slingshot:description (string) - slingshot:location (string) - slingshot:tags (string[]) 20
- 21. Top-down modeling: Hierarchy Travel Family Europe Weddings Amsterdam Basel 2008 2007 City Photo Photo Photo Photo 21
- 22. Apache Sling 3 ROAand REST 22
- 23. Resource Oriented Architecutre •Piece of information is a resource – News entry, product, photo... – (Descriptive) URI • Stateless – Request contains all relevant information • Use HTTP – Methods (GET, POST) for operations 23
- 24. REST with ApacheSling • Default behaviour for GET • Creating/Updating content through POST – Default behaviour • Additional operations/method • Resource-first request processing! 24
- 25. Resource • Sling's abstractionof the thing addressed by the request URI – Usually mapped to a JCR node – File system, database... • Properties of resources – Path, e.g. JCR Item path – Type, e.g. JCR node type – Metadata, e.g. last modification date 25
- 26. Resource-first Request Processing •URI Decomposition – Resource and representation • /slingshout/albums/travel.print.a4.html Resource Path Selectors Extension • Content retrieved from repository • Rendering based on content type 26
- 27. Basic Request ProcessingSteps • URI decomposition • Resolve the resource (using URI) • Resolve rendering script – Source: resource type – Scripts wrapped by generic servlet • Create rendering chain – Configurable (servlet) filters – Rendering servlet • Invoke rendering chain 27
- 28. Resource Resolver I •Tasks: – Finding Resources – Getting Resources – Simplification of Query Execution 28
- 29. Resource Resolver II •Gateway for resources • Abstracts the path resolution • Abstracts access to the persistence layer(s) • Configurable – Mappings (Multi-site mgmt, beautify paths) 29
- 30. Resource-First Request Processing request Resource Resolver Resource (resource type) Script Resolver Script response 30
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- 32. Scripting Inside • It'syour choice – JSP, servlet, ESP, Scala – javax.script (Apache BSF) – own script handlers • Scripts stored in OSGi bundles or repository • Scripts are searched at configurable locatiosn • Default servlets (or scripts) – JSON, XML – Registerable – Fallback / Last Ressort 32
- 33. Script Resolving I •Path to script is built from ... – Configured search paths ( /apps, /libs ) – Resource type converted to path ( slingshot/Album ) – Selector string ( print/a4) – Request method & extension • GET --> Request URL Extension ( html ) • else --> Method Name ( POST, PUT, ... ) 33
- 34. Script Resolving Example •URI: /slingshot/albums/travel.print.a4.html • Resource: /slingshot/albums/travel • Resource Type: slingshot:Album • Script for GET: – /apps/slingshot/Album/print/a4/html.* • Script for POST: – /libs/slingshot/Album/print/a4/POST.* 34
- 35. Script Resolving II •Scripts are searched by best matching – /apps/slingshot/Album/print/a4/html.* – /libs/slingshot/Album/print/a4/html.* – /apps/slingshot/Album/html.* – /libs/slingshot/Album/html.* • Resource has a type and a super type – Script inheritance – Default script (JSON...) 35
- 36. Powerful Scripting withIncludes I Request: /slingshot/albums/travel.html Resource Resolver Resource, resource type: slingshot:Album Script Resolver Script: /libs/slingshot/Album/html.jsp Script Generates main html sling:include with selectors response 36
- 37. Powerful Scripting withIncludes II Request: /slingshot/albums/travel.html Script (/libs/slingshot/Album/html.jsp) for(current : ChildResources) <sling:include resource="<%= current %>" addSelectors="main"/> … Script Resolver Script: /libs/slingshot/Photo/tree.html.jsp Script response 37
- 38. Resource-first Request Processing • ROA • URI decomposition • Resource resolving • Script resolving – Recursion • Flexible script search algorithm 38
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- 40. Runtime Framework: Requirements •Modularization – Modularity is key – Manage growing complexity – Support (dynamic) extensibility • Lifecycle management • Configuration management • Dependency management – Modules, services – Different distributions • Dynamic System Changes 40
- 41. OSGi in 5..ehm..1Minute • Specification of a framework • Module concept (bundles) with lifecycle • Simple but powerful component model – Lifecycle management – Publish/Find/Bind service registration • Dynamic! • Uses the concept of bundles 41
- 42. An OSGi Bundle •Leverages the Java packaging mechanism: JAR files • Contains Java classes and resources • Additional meta-data – Implicit dependencies to other bundles – Package imports/exports 42
- 43. Services • OSGi offersan API to register services – Service is registered by its interface name(s) – Implementation is bundle private – Several components for same service possible (from different bundles) • Bundles can query services – By interface names – With additional filters 43
- 44. The OSGi Core •Minimal but sufficient API for services – Minimal overhead: Good for simple bundles – No support for component management – No support for configuration management – Requires sometimes a lot of Java coding • Additional (optional) OSGi extensions – Declarative Service Specification – Configuration Admin Service Specification 44
- 45. Dynamic Services • OSGiDeclarative Services Spec – XML Configuration (in a bundle) – Publishing services – Consuming services • Policy (static,dynamic), cardinality (0..1, 1..1, 0..n) – Default configuration – Service Lifecycle management • Various Implementations – Apache Felix SCR
- 46. Config Admin andMetatype • OSGi Config Admin – Configuration Manager – Persistence storage – API to retrieve/update/remove configs – Works with Declarative Services • OSGi Metatype Service – Description of bundle metadata – Description of service configurations • Various Implementations – Apache Felix (Reference Implementation)
- 47. Apache Felix • Top-levelproject (March 2007) • Healthy and diverse community • OSGi R4 (R4.2) implementation – Framework (frequent releases) – Services (continued development) • Tools – Maven Plugins, Web Console, iPojo • New sub project – Karaf : Runtime Environment (OSGi Kernel) – Sigil: OSGi tooling
- 48. Contributions to ApacheFelix • Declarative service • Config admin • Metatype service • Preferences service • Web console (!) • Maven SCR Plugin (!)
- 49. Apache Sling Runtime •Uses Apache Felix • Runtime: Apache Sling Launchpad – Might be merged with Felix Karaf • Two flavours – Standalone Java Application – Web application • But Sling can be deployed in any OSGi framework!
- 50. Standalone Java Application •One single executable JAR file • Small Launcher • Starts OSGi Framework (Apache Felix) • Uses Jetty in an OSGi Bundle 50
- 51. Web Application • ExtendsStandalone Application – Replaces Main with a Servlet • Uses a bridge to connect Sling to the Servlet Container 51
- 52. Facts about Sling •Sling API – No reference to JCR API – Uses resource abstraction • 36 maintained bundles (many optional) – Over 25 additional bundles • Highly modular and runtime configurable – OSGi framework – Everything is a OSGi bundle • ConfigAdmin, Declarative Services, Metatype • Felix Web Console 52
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- 54. Current State • ApacheSling is a top level project • New convenience Release – Frequent releases of various bundles • Demo Applications • Increasing interest -> Increasing community 54
- 55. Development • Easy toget started – Add content, add script, add more content • Very flexible and dynamic • Tooling – Maven Plugins – Apache Felix SCR Plugin – Additional Sling Plugins – But not tied to Maven of course :) 55
- 56. And remember... • (Nearly)Everything is content – Application content – HTML pages, CSS and JavaScript files, static images – Documentation, resource bundles, etc. – With versioning, export/import, full text search, etc. 56
- 57. Manage the WebChallenges... • Publish huge amount of information – Different types – Highly dynamic – Different output formats • Web 2.0 ready – Collaboration and integration • Fast changing requirements – Rapid prototyping and development – Dynamic, extensible but maintainable 57
- 58. with Apache Sling:State of the Art • Modularity and dynamics (OSGi) • Content Management (JCR) • Resource oriented architecture (REST) • Scripting inside 58
- 59. Apache Sling –The Fun is Back! • Web Framework • Java Content Repository • REST • Scripting inside • OSGi • Apache Open Source project • Check it out today! 59
- 60. Apache Sling Thanks for your attention! Q&A 60