Getting started with Laravel requires PHP version 5.4 or greater, the PHP-MCrypt extension, and mod_rewrite. Composer is used to install Laravel and manage dependencies. Laravel follows the MVC pattern with models handling business logic and database interactions, views handling templates, and controllers connecting models and views based on URLs. RESTful URLs point to resources and return data. Routes map URLs to controllers and resources. The artisan CLI tool generates code and manages tasks like routes and migrations. Important Laravel files include routes, configuration, and the public index file. Features include the Blade templating engine and Eloquent ORM.