L- 14. 0 Algorithm_Flowchart_Example.pdf

L- 14. 0 Algorithm_Flowchart_Example.pdf

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  Professor Dr. M.Ismail Jabiullah Professor Department of CSE Daffodil International University Bangladesh Computer Fundamentals Examples of Algorithm, Pseudo code and Flowchart
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  Example of Algorithm,Pseudo Code and Flowchart Topics ▪ Problem Analysis ▪ Algorithm ▪ Pseudo code ▪ Examples ▪ Flowcharts ▪ Examples of Flowcharts
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  Algorithm and PseudoCode Example - 1 Problem 1: Given a list of positive numbers, return the largest number on the list. Inputs: A list L of positive numbers. This list must contain at least one number. (Asking for the largest number in a list of no numbers is not a meaningful question.) Outputs: A number n, which will be the largest number of the list. Algorithm: 1. Set max to 0. 2. For each number x in the list L, compare it to max. 3. If x is larger, set max to x. 4. max is now set to the largest number in the list. Program Segment def find_max (L): max = 0 for x in L: if x > max: max = x return max
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  Algorithm and PseudoCode Example - 2 Problem 2: A Recursive Version of find_max() Inputs: A list L of positive numbers. This list must contain at least one number. (Asking for the largest number in a list of no numbers is not a meaningful question.) Outputs: A number n, which will be the largest number of the list. There can be many different algorithms for solving the same problem. Here’s an alternative algorithm for find_max(): 1. If L is of length 1, return the first item of L. 2. Set v1 to the first item of L. 3. Set v2 to the output of performing find_max() on the rest of L. 4. If v1 is larger than v2, return v1. Otherwise, return v2. Program Segment def find_max (L): if len(L) == 1: return L[0] v1 = L[0] v2 = find_max(L[1:]) if v1 > v2: return v1 else: return v2
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  Algorithm and PseudoCode Example - 3 Problem 2: Find the sum two numbers N and M. The procedure is: 1. Enter the two numbers in the variables N and M. 2. Sum them and save the result in the variable sum. 3. Output the result Program Segment def find_max (L): if len(L) == 1: return L[0] v1 = L[0] v2 = find_max(L[1:]) if v1 > v2: return v1 else: return v2
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  Algorithm Algorithm 1: Addtwo numbers entered by the user Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare variables num1, num2 and sum. Step 3: Read values num1 and num2. Step 4: Add num1 and num2 and assign the result to sum. sum←num1+num2 Step 5: Display sum Step 6: Stop
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  Algorithm Algorithm 2: Findthe largest number among three numbers Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare variables a, b and c. Step 3: Read variables a, b and c. Step 4: If a > b If a > c Display a is the largest number. Else Display c is the largest number. Else If b > c Display b is the largest number. Else Display c is the greatest number. Step 5: Stop
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  Algorithm Algorithm 3: FindRoot of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare variables a, b, c, D, x1, x2, rp and ip; Step 3: Calculate discriminant D ← b2-4ac Step 4: If D ≥ 0 r1 ← (-b+√D)/2a r2 ← (-b-√D)/2a Display r1 and r2 as roots. Else Calculate real part and imaginary part rp ← -b/2a ip ← √(-D)/2a Display rp+j(ip) and rp-j(ip) as roots Step 5: Stop
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  Algorithm Algorithm 4: Findthe factorial of a number Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare variables n, factorial and i. Step 3: Initialize variables factorial ← 1 i ← 1 Step 4: Read value of n Step 5: Repeat the steps until i = n 5.1: factorial ← factorial*i 5.2: i ← i+1 Step 6: Display factorial Step 7: Stop
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  Algorithm Algorithm 5: Checkwhether a number is prime or not Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare variables n, i, flag. Step 3: Initialize variables flag ← 1 i ← 2 Step 4: Read n from the user. Step 5: Repeat the steps until i=(n/2) 5.1 If remainder of n÷i equals 0 flag ← 0 Go to step 6 5.2 i ← i+1 Step 6: If flag = 0 Display n is not prime else Display n is prime Step 7: Stop
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  Algorithm Algorithm 6: Findthe Fibonacci series till the term less than 1000 Step 1: Start Step 2: Declare variables first_term,second_term and temp. Step 3: Initialize variables first_term ← 0 second_term ← 1 Step 4: Display first_term and second_term Step 5: Repeat the steps until second_term ≤ 1000 5.1: temp ← second_term 5.2: second_term ← second_term + first_term 5.3: first_term ← temp 5.4: Display second_term Step 6: Stop
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  Algorithm Algorithm 5: createan algorithm to check whether a number is positive or negative. Step 1: Start Step 2: Print “Give any number”. Step 3: Read num Step 4: If (num==0) Print “You Entered 0” Step 5: If (num>0) Print “You Entered a positive number” Step 6: If (num<0) Print “You Entered a Negative number” Step 7: Stop
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  Pseudo code Pseudo code1: create an algorithm to check whether a number is positive or negative. 1. If student's grade is greater than or equal to 60 2. Print "passed" 3. else 4. Print "failed"
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  Pseudo code Pseudo code2: create an algorithm to check whether a number is positive or negative. 1. Set total to zero 2. Set grade counter to one 3. While grade counter is less than or equal to ten 4. Input the next grade 5. Add the grade into the total 6. Set the class average to the total divided by ten 7. Print the class average.
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  Pseudo code Pseudo code3: create an algorithm to check whether a number is positive or negative. 1. Initialize total to zero 2. Initialize counter to zero 3. Input the first grade 4. while the user has not as yet entered the sentinel 5. add this grade into the running total 6. add one to the grade counter 7. input the next grade (possibly the sentinel) 8. if the counter is not equal to zero 9. set the average to the total divided by the counter 10.print the average 11.else 12.print 'no grades were entered'
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  Pseudo code Pseudo code4: create an algorithm to check whether a number is positive or negative. 1. initialize passes to zero 2. initialize failures to zero 3. initialize student to one 4. while student counter is less than or equal to ten 5. input the next exam result 6. if the student passed add one to passes else add one to failures add one to student counter 7. print the number of passes 8. print the number of failures 9. if eight or more students passed print "raise tuition"
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  Flowcharts Medical Service This isa hospital flowchart example that shows how clinical cases shall be processed. This flowchart uses decision shapes intensively in representing alternative flows.
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  Flowcharts Sum of TwoNumbers Read two numbers 529 and 256 from the keyboard and find and display the sum of the two numbers.
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  Flowcharts Profit and Loss Calculations ReadIncome and Cost, and Calculate the Profit and Loss. Finally Show them.
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  Thanks