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Java REST API Framework Comparison - UberConf 2021
The document outlines a comparison of Java frameworks for building REST and GraphQL APIs, focusing on Micronaut, Quarkus, and Spring Boot. It includes setup instructions, security integration with OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect, Docker usage, and performance metrics. Additionally, it provides resources and community support links for developers of these frameworks.
Java REST API Framework Comparison - UberConf 2021
- 1. Matt Raible |@mraible October 8, 2021 Java REST API Comparison Micronaut, Quarkus, and Spring Boot
- 2. @mraible Who is MattRaible? Father, Husband, Skier, Mountain Biker, Whitewater Rafter Bus Lover Web Developer and Java Champion Okta Developer Advocate Blogger on raibledesigns.com and developer.okta.com/blog @mraible
- 6. @mraible Today’s Agenda Why Java? Build{ REST, GraphQL } APIs with Java Secure your APIs with OAuth 2.1 Build with Docker Go Native with GraalVM https://unsplash.com/photos/JsTmUnHdVYQ
- 7. @mraible Why Java? 25+ Years ofuse, abuse, and improvements Open Source code is available; many popular open source frameworks and tools Hugely Popular and widely used by many enterprises and web-scale companies
- 8. @mraible Download the JDKfrom OpenJDK https://jdk.java.net/17 Or from Adoptium https://adoptium.net Get Started with Java 17
- 9. @mraible Get Started withJava 17 Better yet, use SDKMAN! curl -s https://get.sdkman.io | bash sdk install java 17-open
- 10. Java Releases andFeatures
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- 13. @mraible sdk install micronaut mncreate-app com.okta.rest.app -b maven -f security-jwt Get Started with Micronaut
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- 15. package com.okta.rest.controller; import io.micronaut.http.MediaType; importio.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller; import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get; import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Produces; import io.micronaut.security.annotation.Secured; import io.micronaut.security.rules.SecurityRule; import java.security.Principal; @Controller("/hello") public class HelloController { @Get @Secured(SecurityRule.IS_AUTHENTICATED) @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) public String hello(Principal principal) { return "Hello, " + principal.getName() + "!"; } }
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- 18. Install HTTPie (abetter cURL) $ <tool> install httpie https://httpie.org
- 19. Test Micronaut withHTTPie https://httpie.org mvn mn:run http :8080/hello TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN... http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"
- 20. Verify Micronaut APIwith HTTPie
- 21. @mraible Get Started withQuarkus mvn io.quarkus:quarkus-maven-plugin:2.3.0.Final:create -DprojectGroupId=com.okta.rest -DprojectArtifactId=quarkus -DclassName="com.okta.rest.quarkus.HelloResource" -Dpath="/hello" -Dextensions="smallrye-jwt,resteasy-reactive"
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- 23. package com.okta.rest.quarkus; import io.quarkus.security.Authenticated; importjavax.ws.rs.GET; import javax.ws.rs.Path; import javax.ws.rs.Produces; import javax.ws.rs.core.Context; import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import javax.ws.rs.core.SecurityContext; import java.security.Principal; @Path("/hello") public class HelloResource { @GET @Path("/") @Authenticated @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) public String hello(@Context SecurityContext context) { Principal userPrincipal = context.getUserPrincipal(); return "Hello, " + userPrincipal.getName() + "!"; } }
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- 27. Test Quarkus withHTTPie https://httpie.org mvn quarkus:dev http :8080/hello TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN... http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"
- 28. Verify Quarkus APIwith HTTPie
- 29. @mraible Get Started withSpring Boot http https://start.spring.io/starter.zip dependencies==web,oauth2-resource-server,native packageName==com.okta.rest name==spring-boot type==maven-project baseDir==spring-boot | tar -xzvf -
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- 31. package com.okta.rest.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.security.Principal; @RestController public class HelloController { @GetMapping("/hello") public String hello(Principal principal) { return "Hello, " + principal.getName() + "!"; } }
- 32. Spring Security OAuth2.0 Resource Server https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/current/reference/html5/#oauth2resourceserver okta.oauth2.issuer=https://dev-133337.okta.com/ oauth2/default
- 33. Test Spring Bootwith HTTPie https://httpie.org mvn spring-boot:run http :8080/hello TOKEN=eyJraWQiOiJxOE1QMjFNNHZCVmxOSkxGbFFWNlN... http :8080/hello Authorization:"Bearer $TOKEN"
- 34. Verify Spring BootAPI with HTTPie
- 35. @mraible Startup Performance Milliseconds 0 750 1500 2250 3000 Micronaut QuarkusSpring Boot 2,262 632 599 1,297 1,582 479 Dev Startup (mvn) Packaged Startup (java -jar) https://developer.okta.com/blog/2020/01/09/java-rest-api-showdown
- 36. @mraible Build GraphQL APIswith Java Why GraphQL? Does your favorite framework support GraphQL? Micronaut https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-graphql/latest/guide Quarkus https://quarkus.io/guides/smallrye-graphql Spring Boot https://spring.io/projects/spring-graphql
- 37. @mraible Secure your APIwith OAuth 2.0 https://aaronparecki.com/2019/12/12/21/its-time-for-oauth-2-dot-1
- 38. @mraible Secure your APIwith OAuth 2.1 https://oauth.net/2.1 PKCE is required for all clients using the authorization code flow Redirect URIs must be compared using exact string matching The Implicit grant is omitted from this specification The Resource Owner Password Credentials grant is omitted from this specification Bearer token usage omits the use of bearer tokens in the query string of URIs Refresh tokens for public clients must either be sender-constrained or one-time use
- 39. @mraible Authenticate with OpenIDConnect (OIDC) What is OpenID Connect? Does your favorite framework support OIDC authentication? Micronaut https://guides.micronaut.io/latest/micronaut-oauth2-okta.html Quarkus https://quarkus.io/guides/security-openid-connect-web-authentication Spring Boot https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/current/reference/html5/#oauth2login
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- 41. @mraible Build with Docker Createa Dockerfile FROM openjdk:17-alpine ARG JAR_FILE=target/*.jar COPY ${JAR_FILE} app.jar EXPOSE 8080 ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]
- 42. @mraible Build with Docker Buildyour image docker build -t <tag-name> . Run your image docker run -it -p8080:8080 <tag-name>
- 43. @mraible Build with Docker:Jib Get Jibby with it! mvn verify jib:build Or build directly to your Docker daemon mvn verify jib:dockerBuild https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/jib
- 44. @mraible Build with Docker Micronautuses Jib, but you must configure plugins Quarkus generates three Docker-related files Dockerfile.jvm Dockerfile.legacy-jar Dockerfile.native Dockerfile.native-distroless Quarkus + Jib mvn quarkus:add-extension -Dextensions="container-image-jib"
- 45. @mraible Build with Docker SpringBoot 2.3+ has built-in support mvn spring-boot:build-image Uses layered JARs for for faster builds dependencies snapshot-dependencies resources application https://spring.io/blog/2020/01/27/creating-docker-images-with-spring-boot-2-3-0-m1
- 46. @mraible Use Micronaut CLI mncreate-app ... mvn package -Dpackaging=native-image gradle nativeImage gradle dockerBuildNative Go Native with GraalVM and Micronaut https://docs.micronaut.io/latest/guide/#graal
- 47. @mraible Go Native withGraalVM and Quarkus Create an executable without GraalVM installed mvn package -Pnative -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true Then, build the image docker build -f src/main/docker/Dockerfile.native -t <tag-name> . And run it docker run -it -p8080:8080 <tag-name> https://quarkus.io/guides/building-native-image
- 48. @mraible Use start.spring.io toget plugins and profiles <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <classifier>${repackage.classifier}</classifier> <image> <builder>paketobuildpacks/builder:tiny</builder> <env> <BP_NATIVE_IMAGE>true</BP_NATIVE_IMAGE> </env> </image> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${spring-native.version}</version> <executions> Go Native with GraalVM and Spring Boot
- 49. @mraible Go Native withGraalVM and Spring Boot Add milestone repositories to your pom.xml <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories>
- 50. @mraible Go Native withGraalVM and Spring Boot Add Spring Native dependency <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-native</artifactId> <version>0.10.4</version> </dependency> Build the native application mvn spring-boot:build-image
- 51. @mraible How we fixedthe Okta Spring Boot Starter https://youtu.be/8vY-9tXlCW4
- 52. @mraible Native Startup Performance Milliseconds 0 15 30 45 60 October7, 2021 46.8 19 24 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
- 53. @mraible Native Memory Used(MB) Milliseconds 0 25 50 75 100 October 7, 2021 82 34 62 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
- 54. @mraible Tests Run ona 2019 MacBook Pro
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- 57. @mraible Stack Overflow Tags 0 32500 65000 97500 130000 October7, 2021 111,521 2,011 1,205 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
- 58. @mraible GitHub Stars 0 18750 37500 56250 75000 October 7,2021 57,600 8,600 5,100 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
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- 60. @mraible Jobs on Indeed(US) 0 3250 6500 9750 13000 October 7, 2021 10,532 178 136 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
- 61. @mraible Twitter Followers 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 October 7,2021 78,500 12,600 10,600 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot
- 62. Hot Web Frameworkshttps://hotframeworks.com
- 63. @mraible JHipster Support 🤓 MicronautBlueprint - github.com/jhipster/generator-jhipster-micronaut - v1.0.2, 18 releases, 16 contributors, 382 commits // TODO: Micronaut 3, Reactive, Microservices, GraalVM native images Quarkus Blueprint - github.com/jhipster/generator-jhipster-quarkus - v2.0.0-beta.1, 6 releases, 16 contributors, 550 commits // TODO: Quarkus 2.3, Dev Services, Reactive, Microservices
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