IoT Networking Part 2

1 Introduction: IoT Networking - Part 2 Dr. Sudip Misra Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Email: smisra@sit.iitkgp.ernet.in Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/ Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/ Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

Requirements of IoT Network  Coverage  High throughput  Low latency  Ultra reliability  High power efficiency 2Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

3Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things MQTT

MQTT  Message Queue Telemetry Transport  Introduced by IBM and standardized by Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) in 2013  Works on Publish/Subscribe framework on top of TCP/IP architecture  Advantages  Reliable, Lightweight, and cost-effective protocol 4Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

MQTT Publish/Subscribe Framework 5Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.

MQTT QoS  QoS of MQTT protocol is maintained for two transactions  First transaction: Publishing client  MQTT Server  Second transaction: MQTT Server  Subscribing Client  Client on each transaction sets the QoS level  For the first transaction, publishing client sets the QoS level  For second transaction, client subscriber sets the QoS level 6Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.

MQTT QoS Levels  Supports 3-level of QoS  QoS 0:  Also known as “at most once” delivery  Best effort and unacknowledged data service  Publisher transmits the message one time to server and server transmits it once to subscriber  No retry is performed 7Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.

MQTT QoS Levels  QoS 1:  Also known as “at least once” delivery  Message delivery between the publisher, server and then between server and subscribers occurs at least once.  Retry is performed until acknowledgement of message is recieved  QoS 2:  Also known as “exactly once” delivery  This QoS level is used when neither packet loss or duplication of message is allowed  Retry is performed until the message is delivered exactly once 8Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

9Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things CoAP

CoAP  Constrained Application Protocol  CoAP was designed by IETF Constrained RESTful Environment (CoRE) working group to enable application with lightweight RESTful (HTTP) interface  Works on Request/Response framework based on the UDP architecture, including Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) secure transport protocol 10Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.

CoAP  CoAP defines four types of messages  CON: Conformable  NON: Non-conformable  RST: Reset  ACK: Acknowledgement  For conformable type message, the recipient must explicitly either acknowledge or reject the message.  In case of non-conformable type message, the recipient sends reset message if it can’t process the message. 11Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.

CoAP  Utilizes GET, PUT, OBSERVE, PUSH, and DELETE messages requests to retrieve, create, initiate, update, and delete subscription respectively.  Supports caching capabilities to improve the response time and reduce bandwidth consumption.  Uses IP multicast to support data requests sent to a group of devices.  Specialized for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. 12Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.

13Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things XMPP

XMPP  Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol  Supports Publish/Subscribe messaging framework on top of TCP protocol  The communication protocol is based on Extensive Markup Language (XML).  Uses Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) secure transport protocol 14Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.

XMPP  XMPP model is decentralized, no central server is required.  Advantages of XMPP  Interoperability: Supports interoperability between heterogeneous networks  Extensibility: Supports privacy lists, multi-user chat, and publish/subscribe chat status notifications  Flexibility: Supports customized markup language defined by different organizations according to their needs 15Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: H. Wang et. al., "A Lightweight XMPP Publish/Subscribe Scheme for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices," IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 16393-16405, 2017.

16Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things AMQP

AMQP  Advance Message Queuing Protocol  Optimized for financial applications  Binary message-oriented protocol on top of TCP  Supports Publish/Subscribe framework for both  Point-to-point (P2P)  Multipoint communication 17Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.

AMQP  Uses token-based mechanism for flow control  Ensures no buffer overflow at the receiving end  Message delivery guarantee services:  At least once: Guarantees message delivery but may do so multiple times  At most once: Each message is delivered once or never  Exactly once: No message drop and delivered once one 18Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.

19Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things IEEE 1888

IEEE 1888  Energy-efficient network control protocol  Defines a generalized data exchange protocol between network components over the IPv4/v6-based network.  Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) based data identification  Applications: Environmental monitoring, energy saving, and central management systems. 20Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.

21Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things DDS RTPS

DDS RTPS  Distributed Data Service Real Time Publish and Subscribe  Supports Publish/Subscribe framework and on top of UDP transport layer protocol.  Data-centric and binary protocol  Data is termed as “topics”.  The users/listeners may subscribe to their particular topic of interest 22Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.

DDS RTPS  A single topic may have multiple speakers of different priorities  Supports enlisted QoS for data distribution  Data persistence  Delivery deadline  Reliability  Data freshness  Applications: Military, Industrial, and healthcare monitoring 23Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.

24Introduction to Internet of Things

IoT Networking Part 2

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IoT Networking Part 2