Introduction to Programming with Java 3rd Edition John Dean

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Introduction to Programming with Java 3rd Edition John Dean Digital Instant Download Author(s): John Dean, Ray Dean ISBN(s): 9781259875762, 1259875768 Edition: 3 File Details: PDF, 92.85 MB Year: 2020 Language: english

Page i John Dean Park University Raymond Dean University of Kansas

Page ii INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10121. Copyright ©2021 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LCR 24 23 22 21 20 ISBN 978-1-26057524-8 MHID 1-260-57524-1 Cover Image: ©Shutterstock/Brian Lasenby All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. mheducation.com/highered

Page iii edication —To Stan and Kate

Page iv About the Authors John Dean is an Associate Professor in the Computer Science and Information Systems Department at Park University. He earned a Ph.D. degree in computer science from Nova Southeastern University and an M.S. degree in computer science from the University of Kansas. He is Java certified and has worked in industry as a software engineer and project manager, specializing in Java and various web technologies—JavaScript, JavaServer Pages, and servlets. He has taught a full range of computer science courses, including Java programming and Java-based web programming. He has authored a web programming textbook with a focus on client-side technologies HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript. Raymond Dean is a Professor Emeritus, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas. He earned an M.S. degree from MIT and a Ph.D. degree from Princeton University. As a professional engineer in the HVAC industry, he wrote computer programs that design air distribution systems and analyze energy consumption and sound propagation in buildings. At the University of Kansas, he taught microprocessor programming, data structures, and other courses in electrical engineering and computer science.

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Page v Contents Preface x Project Summary xxiv CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Terminology 2 Program Development 10 Source Code 12 Compiling Source Code into Object Code 13 Portability 14 Emergence of Java 15 Computer Ethics 18 First Program—Hello World 19 GUI Track: Hello World (Optional) 24 CHAPTER 2 Algorithms and Design 32 Introduction 32 Output 33 Variables 34 Operators and Assignment Statements 35 Input 36 Flow of Control and Flowcharts 37 if Statements 38 Loops 43

2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 Loop Termination Techniques 45 Nested Looping 48 Tracing 51 Problem Solving: Other Pseudocode Formats and an Asset Management Example 55 CHAPTER 3 Java Basics 65 Introduction 66 “I Have a Dream” Program 66 Comments and Readability 67 The Class Heading 69 The main Method’s Heading 69 Braces 70 System.out.println 71 Compilation and Execution 73 Identifiers 73 Variables 74 Assignment Statements 75 Initialization Statements 77 Numeric Data Types—int, long, float, double 78 Constants 80 Arithmetic Operators 83 Expression Evaluation and Operator Precedence 86 More Operators: Increment, Decrement, and Compound Assignment 88 Tracing 90 Type Casting 90 char Type and Escape Sequences 93 Primitive Variables Versus Reference Variables 95 Strings 96 Input—the Scanner Class 100 Simple File Input for Repetitive Testing During Program Development 105 GUI Track: Input and Output with Dialog Boxes (Optional) 107

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Page vi CHAPTER 4 Control Statements 119 Introduction 120 Conditions and Boolean Values 120 if Statements 121 && Logical Operator 124 | | Logical Operator 129 ! Logical Operator 131 Switching Constructs 132 while Loop 138 do Loop 142 for Loop 144 Solving the Problem of Which Loop to Use 149 Nested Loops 150 boolean Variables 152 Input Validation 156 Problem Solving with Boolean Logic (Optional) 157 CHAPTER 5 Using Prebuilt Methods 170 Introduction 170 The API Library 171 Math Class 177 Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types 182 Character Class 186 String Methods 188 Formatted Output with the printf> Method 194 Problem Solving with Random Numbers (Optional) 199 GUI Track: Covering an Image with a Tinted Pane (Optional) 203 Interlude 213 Multiple-Method Programs in a Non-Object-Oriented Environment 213

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 GUI Track: Multiple-Method Program That Uses StackPane and Group to Display Images, Rectangles, Lines, an Oval, and Text (Optional) 216 CHAPTER 6 Object-Oriented Programming 222 Introduction 223 Object-Oriented Programming Overview 223 First OOP Class 227 Driver Class 230 Calling Object, this Reference 234 Instance Variables 236 Tracing an OOP Program 237 UML Class Diagrams 242 Local Variables 244 The return Statement 247 Argument Passing 249 Specialized Methods—Accessors, Mutators, and Boolean Methods 252 Problem Solving with Simulation (Optional) 255 CHAPTER 7 Object-Oriented Programming— Additional Details 272 Introduction 273 Object Creation—A Detailed Analysis 273 Assigning a Reference 275 Testing Objects for Equality 279 Passing References as Arguments 284 Method-Call Chaining 286 Overloaded Methods 289 Constructors 293 Overloaded Constructors 299 Static Variables 303 Static Methods 306 Named Constants 312

7.13 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 Page vii Problem Solving with Multiple Driven Classes 314 CHAPTER 8 Software Engineering 324 Introduction 325 Coding-Style Conventions 325 Documentation for Outsiders 334 Helper Methods 338 Encapsulation (with Instance Variables and Local Variables) 342 Recognizing the User’s Point of View 344 Design Philosophy 345 Top-Down Design 350 Bottom-Up Design 359 Case-Based Design 361 Iterative Enhancement 361 Merging the Driver Method into the Driven Class 363 Accessing Instance Variables Without Using this 365 Writing Your Own Utility Class 366 Problem Solving with the API Calendar Class (Optional) 368 GUI Track: Problem Solving with CRC Cards (Optional) 370 CHAPTER 9 Arrays 384 Introduction 385 Array Basics 385 Array Declaration and Creation 387 Array length Property and Partially Filled Arrays 391 Copying an Array 393 Problem Solving with Array Case Studies 397 Searching an Array 403 Sorting an Array 408 Two-Dimensional Arrays 412 Arrays of Objects 418

9.11 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 For-Each Loops 425 CHAPTER 10 ArrayLists and an Introduction to the Java Collections Framework 435 Introduction 436 The ArrayList Class 437 Storing Primitives in an ArrayList 443 ArrayList Example Using Anonymous Objects and the For-Each Loop 446 ArrayLists Versus Standard Arrays 450 The LinkedList Class 451 The List Interface 452 Problem Solving: How to Compare Method Execution Times 453 Queues, Stacks, and the ArrayDeque Class 457 Overview of the Java Collections Framework 464 Collections Example—Information Flow in a Network of Friends 468 GUI Track: Second Iteration of Problem Solving with CRC Cards (Optional) 476 CHAPTER 11 Recursion 489 Introduction 490 Guidelines for Writing a Recursive Method 491 A Recursive Factorial Method 492 Comparison of Recursive and Iterative Solutions 496 Recursive Method Evaluation Practice 500 Binary Search 503 Merge Sort 506 Towers of Hanoi 510 Problem Solving with Performance Analysis 514 GUI Track: Drawing Trees with a Fractal Algorithm (Optional) 517 CHAPTER 12

12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 13.11 13.12 Page viii Type Details and Alternative Coding Mechanisms 530 Introduction 531 Integer Types and Floating-Point Types 532 char Type and the ASCII Character Set 536 Type Conversions 538 Prefix/Postfix Modes for Increment/ Decrement Operators 541 Embedded Assignments 544 Conditional Operator Expressions 546 Expression Evaluation Review 547 Short-Circuit Evaluation 551 Empty Statement 552 Using break to Exit from a Loop 554 for Loop Header Details 555 Enumerated Types 557 forEach Method, Lambda Expressions, Method References, and Streams 564 Hexadecimal, Octal, and Binary Numbers 573 GUI Track: Unicode (Optional) 574 Introduction to GridWorld Case Study (Optional) 579 CHAPTER 13 Aggregation, Composition, and Inheritance 591 Introduction 592 Composition and Aggregation 592 Inheritance Overview 599 Implementation of a Person/Employee/FullTime Hierarchy 603 Constructors in a Subclass 605 Method Overriding 606 Using the Person/Employee/FullTime Hierarchy 609 The final Access Modifier 610 Using Inheritance with Aggregation and Composition 610 Design Practice with Card Game Example 613 GridWorld Case Study Extensions (Optional) 619 Problem Solving with Association Classes (Optional) 626

14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 CHAPTER 14 Inheritance and Polymorphism 637 Introduction 638 The Object Class and Automatic Type Promotion 638 The equals Method 639 The toString Method 643 Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding 648 Assignments When the Two Sides’ Classes Are Different 653 Polymorphism with Arrays 654 abstract Methods and Classes 660 Interfaces 663 The protected Access Modifier 673 GUI Track: Three-Dimensional Graphics (Optional) 677 CHAPTER 15 Exception Handling 691 Introduction 692 Overview of Exceptions and Exception Messages 692 Using try and catch Blocks to Handle “Dangerous” Method Calls 693 Line Plot Example 695 try Block Details 699 Two Categories of Exceptions—Checked and Unchecked 700 Unchecked Exceptions 702 Checked Exceptions 705 Generic catch Block with Exception Class 708 Multiple catch Blocks and Multiple Exceptions per Block 712 Understanding Exception Messages 714 Using a throws Clause to Postpone the catch 718 Automatic Cleanup Using Try-With-Resources 720 GUI Track: Line Plot Example Revisited (Optional) 722 CHAPTER 16

16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 16.11 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 Page ix Files, Buffers, Channels, and Paths 735 Introduction 736 Simple Text-File Example: HTML File Generator 737 A Website Reader 741 Object File I/O 743 Character Sets and File-Access Options 748 Buffered Text File I/O 749 Primitive Buffers with Random Access 752 Channel I/O and Memory-Mapped Files 760 Path, Whole-File, and Directory Operations 767 Walking a Directory Tree 769 GUI Track: Final Iteration of Problem Solving with CRC Cards (Optional) 775 CHAPTER 17 GUI Programming Basics 787 Introduction 788 SimpleWindow Program 791 Stage and Scene 794 JavaFX Components 796 Label Control 797 TextField Control 799 Greeting Program 801 Event Handling 805 Property Binding 809 JavaFX CSS 812 Scene Graph Inheritance 818 Style Sheets and Cascading 821 Button Control and FactorialButton Program 826 Distinguishing Between Multiple Events 832 Colors 834 ColorChooser Program 838 CHAPTER 18

18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 19.10 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 GUI Programming—Layout Panes 849 Introduction 849 Layout Panes 851 FlowPane and GridPane—Competing Layout Philosophies 853 VBox Program with Two Stages and an Image File 858 BorderPane 867 TilePane and TextFlow Containers 872 TicTacToe Program 878 Embedded Panes, HBox, and MathCalculator Program 882 Plain Pane Container and Component Positioning 889 CHAPTER 19 GUI Programming—Additional GUI Components, Additional Event Handlers, Animation 896 Introduction 897 User Interface Design 897 TextArea Control 898 CheckBox and RadioButton Controls 903 ComboBox Control 909 Job Application Program 913 ScrollPane and Menu Classes 918 Images and Mouse Events 922 Lunar Eclipse Program with Circle, RadialGradient, and Slider 928 Animation 933 Appendices ASCII Character Set 943 Operator Precedence 945 Java Keywords and Other Reserved Words 947 Packages and Modules 951 Java Coding-Style Conventions 963 Javadoc with Tags 975 UML Diagrams 980 Number Systems and Conversions Between Them 986

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we can get of them. We simply know that the admiral declined all such proffers. From Amsterdam he wrote, under date of December, 1789, to his firm friend President Washington. In that letter he writes: “Count Segur and myself have frequently conversed on subjects that regard America. And the most pleasing reflection of all has been the happy establishment of the new constitution, and that you are so deservedly placed at the head of the government, by the unanimous voice of America. Your name alone, sir, has established in Europe a confidence that was for some time before entirely wanting in American concerns; and I am assured that the happy efforts of your administration are still more sensibly felt throughout the United States. This is more glorious for you than all the laurels that your sword so nobly won in support of the rights of human nature. In war your fame is immortal, as the hero of liberty. In peace you are her patron, and the firmest supporter of her rights. Your greatest admirers and even your best friends have now but one wish left them—that you may long enjoy health and your present happiness.” From Amsterdam he went to Hamburg by way of Copenhagen. Toward the close of April, 1790, he crossed the channel to London. “Upon landing,” he writes, “I escaped being murdered.” After a short visit there he went to Paris. His health was feeble. Still he kept up an active correspondence with his numerous distinguished friends all over the continent. His mode of expressing himself, as the reader will have perceived, was peculiar. He was a man of singular frankness and transparency of character. He gave free utterance to his thoughts as they arose. In Paris he again enjoyed the friendship of Lafayette. Nothing special occurred during his residence in Paris. Early in June, his health began more rapidly to fail. He lost his appetite, and a dropsical affection swelled his legs and expanded his chest. His physician at length warned him that his symptoms were alarming, and advised him to settle his worldly affairs. He sat in his chair as he dictated to the notary his will. After his friends had retired he rose from his chair, went into his bedroom, and probably feeling a little faint threw himself with his face upon his bed, and his feet resting upon the floor. Soon after, the queen’s physician arrived

to visit the illustrious patient. He was conducted into the bedroom, where the admiral was found dead. His disorder had terminated in dropsy of the breast. It was the evening of the 20th of July, 1789. The admiral had reached the age of but forty-five years. His funeral attracted a large concourse of the most distinguished of the residents in Paris. The National Assembly, then in session, passed the following resolve: “The National Assembly, desirous of honoring the memory of Paul Jones, Admiral of the United States of America, and to preserve by a memorable example, the equality of religious rights, decrees that twelve of its members shall assist at the funeral solemnities of a man who has so well served the cause of liberty.” A funeral sermon was preached by M. Marson, a French Protestant clergyman. In this oration he said: “We have just returned to the earth the remains of an illustrious stranger; one of the first champions of the liberty of America, of that liberty which so gloriously ushered in our own. And what more flattering homage can we offer the memory of Paul Jones than to swear on his tomb to live or to die free. Let neither tyrants nor their satellites ever pollute this sacred earth. May the ashes of the great man, too soon lost to humanity, enjoy here an undisturbed repose. May his example teach posterity the efforts which noble souls are capable of making when stimulated by hatred to oppression. Identify yourself with the glory of Paul Jones, in imitating his contempt of danger, his devotion to his country, and the noble heroism which, after having astonished the present age, will continue to call forth the veneration of ages yet to come.” Such was the career of this remarkable man. Such is a faithful record of what he said and wrote and did. And this record surely exhibits the character of a worthy and a noble man. He rose to distinction by his own energies. His achievements gave him world- wide renown. His character secured for him not only a cordial welcome in the palaces of kings and in the castles of nobles, but, that which is far higher praise, won for him the esteem and affection of Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, Morris, Lafayette, Count Segur,

Count d’Estaing, and a host of others of the worthiest spirits in America and France. The following is a brief recapitulation of the services which, during his short life, he rendered his country. During the Revolution he fought twenty-three battles at sea, and was never vanquished. He made seven victorious descents upon Great Britain and her colonies. He captured two ships of equal size with his own, and two of far superior force; besides taking many store-ships and other smaller craft. He spread alarm throughout the whole island of Great Britain, compelling the government to fortify all her ports. He also forced the British to desist from their atrocious system of pillaging and burning in America, and to exchange, as prisoners of war, the Americans whom they had captured and plunged into prison dungeons as “traitors, pirates, and felons.” The distinguished Matthew Carey of Philadelphia, after examining the voluminous correspondence of Paul Jones, contained in the valuable biography compiled by Colonel John Henry Sherburne, wrote to the author: “I have read, with intense interest, your Life of John Paul Jones. And it must be regarded as a valuable national object, placing, as it does, in strong relief, the shining qualities of this hero, not only as a naval commander but as a profound politician. The latter quality appears clearly and distinctly in various parts of the correspondence, wherein are developed views of the proper policy of this country which are worthy of the first statesmen that sat in the Congress of 1774 and 1775—men never exceeded in the annals of the world for sagacity, patriotism, and public spirit. “No man has been the subject of more gross and shocking abuse, and none of those who have distinguished themselves in the Revolution were so little known as he has been to the nation to whose service he devoted all the energies of his magnanimous soul. I confess that for one I always regarded Paul Jones as very few degrees above a freebooter who, in the prospect of plunder was reckless of his life. I am now thoroughly undeceived, and consider him as deserving a conspicuous rank among the most illustrious of those heroes and statesmen who not only formed a wreath around

the brow of this country, but secured her a prouder destiny than ever fell to the lot of any other portion of mankind.” THE END. PRINTED BY LANGE, LITTLE & CO., NEW YORK.

Footnotes A. Congress appropriated two-thirds of all prizes to the Government, leaving but one-third to be divided among the captors. B. Sir Joseph Yorke was the British ambassador at the Hague. He insisted that the Dutch Government should take from Captain Jones, the Serapis and the Countess of Scarborough. He said that as England had not recognized the United States, the captures were illegal, as a commission had not been granted to Captain Jones by a sovereign power. C. He doubtless refers to Commissioner Lee. D. Life of Paul Jones, by Alexander Slidell Mackenzie, Vol. i, p. 195. E. Subsequently Charles X. F. Russian Minister for the Home Department. G. Upon the reception of the Order of St. Anne by the empress, Count Segur wrote from St. Petersburg a very complimentary letter to the admiral, under date of the 14th of July, 1788. In this letter he says: “The empress being absent I forwarded a copy of the greatest part of your letter to General Mouronoff, who had it read to that princess. She is highly satisfied with it, and in two lines from her hand, has been pleased to charge me with assurances to you, of the great respect in which she holds your services. General Mouronoff

begs me to say that he will endeavor to merit the obliging things you say of him.” H. Mr. William Taylor, merchant, of New York, son of the admiral’s eldest sister, Mrs. Taylor of Dumfries, Scotland. I. Monsieur Crimpin was the advocate whom he had first engaged. J. He refers to the gold medal ordered to be struck by Congress. K. It was near the mouth of the river Liman that all these naval battles were fought.

Transcriber’s Note The name of a Greek officer, Alexiano, is misspelled in both the table of content’s description of Chapter XIV, and the summary at the head of the chapter itself. Both were corrected. Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. Except in the most obvious cases, spelling in quoted text is not corrected, but is noted. The references are to the page and line in the original. xi.1 A Greek Officer Alexian[a/o] Replaced. 25.20 The Alfred mounted 30 guns, the Columbus 28 28[.] Added. 45.26 he carried toplights until the morning[.] Added. 52.17 An immense amou[n]t of shipping Inserted. 53.27 extract from his first despatch from Nantes[:] Added. 54.22 On the 10th of Feb[ur/ru]ary, 1778, Transposed. 60.11 in salute of our national banner, gun for gun[,/.] Replaced. 75.21 demonstration of the uncertain[i]ty of human prospects Removed. 93.1 desired to as[s]ist him Inserted. 110.25 Scarc[e]ly a breath of wind Inserted.

125.10 the following extraordinary prayer[.] Added. 143.12 after repeating my words t[w]o or three times Inserted. 144.18 Just before ten o[’]clock Inserted. 151.12 declared that Land[ia/ai]s said to Transposed. 158.6 and swarthy complexion. [”] Added. 185.21 excite their indignation and deris[i]on. Inserted. 185.24 thirty-six years [a/o]f age Replaced. 190.2 the laws and [sovereignity] of the United States sic 209.26 the virtuous Senate of America [h/b]e misled Replaced. 210.27 Almost in[n]umerable obstacles arose Inserted. 213.24 and rights of human nature.[’/”] Replaced. 214.12 Such a quan[t]ity of powder Inserted. 233.21 “Robert Morris[”] Added. 249.1 an extensive tract of excell[a/e]nt land Replaced. 253.3 to the beautiful little Morav[ai/ia]n village Transposed. 256.17 which regulate the intercourse of gentlem[a/e]n Replaced. 258.16 which regulate the intercourse of his Added.

mission[.] 258.22 th[r]ough> the labors of two years Inserted. 270.2 render him more extensively useful.[”] Removed. 274.6 lessen the profits of any [simular] undertaking sic 288.14 to sup with his majesty and the royal family[,/,] Replaced. 288.17 was very brilliant.[”] Added. 291.7 co[u/n]strain> me to make this demand Inverted. 295.12 in any measure or capacity.[”] Added. 298.5 A Greek Officer Alexian[a/o] Replaced. 312.25 This concil[i]atory speech Inserted. 314.23 I showed the Prince of Nass[ua/au] that letter Transposed. 328.9 in a spirit of concil[i]ation Inserted. 328.16 the Prince of Na[u/s]sau Replaced. 334.11 Prince of Nass[ua/au] Transposed. 337.11 his flag-ship, the Wolo[d]imir Inserted. 340.9 would still fu[r]ther irritate Inserted. 350.11 I know to[o] well Added. 359.4 among the most illustr[i]ous of those heroes Inserted.

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