Brainsense -Introduction to brain computer interface

Introduction to Brain Computer Interface M.K.Jeevarajan www.pantechsolutions.net/brainsense

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Brain Computer Interface • Communication using Thoughts of Brain (EEG) without using any Muscle control, Especially for Severely Paralyzed people

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt What is Biosignal? • A bio signal is any signal in human beings that can be continually measured and monitored. – ECG(Electrocardiogram) – EEG(Electroencephalogram) – EMG(Electromyogram) – EOG(Electrooculogram) – Galvanic skin response – MEG(Magneto encephalography)

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Introduction to EEG • Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain • German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger (1873–1941) recorded the first human EEG in 1924

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt What is Neurofeedback? • Neurofeedback is direct training of brain function, by which the brain learns to function more efficiently . • Neurofeedback is used to teach children with ADHD how to calm and concentrate.

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt BCI defined • A BCI generally consists of three main components: 1. A Signal-acquisition module (Electrode,Filtering and Amplifier) 2. A Signal-processing module(ASIC ,DSP) 3. A Control module ( Microcontroller &Driver)

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt BCI Types-Electrodes BCI Types: – Invasive – Involves attaching electrodes directly to the brain tissue – The patient’s brain gradually adapts its signals to be sent through the electrodes – Non-invasive Involves putting electrodes on the scalp of the patient, and taking readings

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Three BCI Subtypes • Active BCI: “An active BCI is a BCI which derives its outputs from brain activity which is directly consciously controlled by the user, independently from external events, for controlling an application.” • Reactive BCI: “A reactive BCI is a BCI which derives its outputs from brain activity arising in reaction to external stimulation, which is indirectly modulated by the user for controlling an application.” • Passive BCI: “A passive BCI is a BCI which derives its outputs from arbitrary brain activity without the purpose of voluntary control, for enriching a human-computer interaction with implicit information.”

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Why is BCI Hard? • Processing depends on unknown parameters, most of the dynamics are still uncovered. • Signal-to-noise ratio is very challenging, so sensitive measures are hard to obtain • Relevant brain activity is small compared to interfering artifacts and compared to brain background activity • Specific measures are even harder to obtain (with coarse-grained sensing) • Large collections of neurons are involved in many different activities, not just one • Underlying phenomena are also highly diverse and rich and derived measures are still poorly understood – not always clear what to look for

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Consequences • Sophisticated signal processing is required • BCI systems must be calibrated before they can be used • Calibration should entail as much information as available, e.g., example data, prior knowledge, large databases

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Underlying Neural Process • Largest contributors to the EEG are the pyramidal cells Radially oriented in the cortex (orthogonal to the surface) • Electromagnetic fields of co-aligned and co-activated neurons add up • EEG, MEG and ECoG can only detect large-scale neural dynamics , For example, 50.000 neurons firing in near- synchrony

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt When would 50,000 neurons fire near-synchronously? • –An external event triggers a cascade of related neural processes (e.g., in perception) • –An internal event triggers a cascade of related neural processes (e.g., sudden “aha!”) • –Neural populations enter a synchronized steady- state firing pattern (e.g., idle oscillations) • Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and Oscillatory Processes are the two major BCI-detectable EEG

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Signal Detect ability • Root cause might not be directly observable (e.g., dopaminergic system, deep brain structures, few neurons) • Electromagnetic fields can cancel each other out

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt EMOTIV EPOC 14 EEG channels + 2 references 1channel locations: AF3, F7, F3, FC5, T7, P7, O1, O2, P8, T8, FC6, F4, F8, AF4. Insight 5 EEG channels + 2 references Signals 5 channels: AF3, AF4, T7, T8, Pz

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Melon • Melon measures this global electrical activity by placing three electrodes on the forehead region, with the primary electrode on FP1.

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt What is Brainsense ? • Brainsense- Brain computer interface device for Student, Researchers and Wellness Community. • A, single-channel, wireless headset that monitors your brain activity and translates EEG into meaningful data you can understand

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt What you can do with Brainsense • Cognitive games – Brain fitness, Game with a benefit • Measure your Meditation Level daily and provide reports to analyze . • You can measure your Focus, real time brain monitoring and visual feedback • To research on EEG signals for Brain Computer Interface • Read RAW Brain waves for Developer community

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt FEATURES • Single Sensor on FP1 • Can detect multiple mental states simultaneously • Reference electrode on Ear clip to remove ambient noises • IP involves noise cancellation and signal amplification • Provides EMG feature for Eye Blink detection

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt SPECIFICATIONS • Bluetooth ™ Wireless communication • Passive Dry Sensor EEG • Triple AAA battery • 7 Hours Run Time eSense Brainwave Patterns: • Attention • Meditation • Eye Blink • Frequency Bands: 0.5 to 50Hz

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt THINKGEAR •TGAM MODULE offers e-Sense technology •Outputs Attention, Meditation and Physical eye blinks from raw EEG data •2.79cm x 1.52cm x 0.25cm, weighs 130mg •Communicates through UART interface at baudrate 1200, 9600 or 57600

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt eSense • Attention –(0-100) • Meditatation-(0-100) • Eyeblink Strength(0-255) • PoorQuality-200 • Only when NoiseQuality-0 Algorithm Starts

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt For more details – www.pantechsolutions.net – http://www.slideshare.net/pantechsolutions – http://www.scribd.com/pantechsolutions – http://www.youtube.com/pantechsolutions

Brainsense -Introduction to brain computer interface

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