Arrays and Microarrays Anintroduction to arrays and microarrays, high-throughput technologies used to analyze biological molecules. by Priyanshu Mittal
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History and Development 1 1990s FirstDNA microarray by Patrick Brown and David Botstein. 2 Early 2000s Introduction of protein microarrays for protein interaction studies. 3 Current Trends AI-powered bioinformatics enhances data interpretation.
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DNA Microarray: Definition 1Definition Analyzes the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. 2 Principle Based on nucleic acid hybridization. 3 Detection Detected through fluorescent labeling.
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DNA Microarray Procedure SamplePrep Extract mRNA or DNA from cells. Labeling Convert mRNA to cDNA and label. Hybridization Incubate labeled cDNA on the chip. Scanning Detect fluorescence with a laser scanner.
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DNA Microarray Applications GeneExpression Detects differentially expressed genes. Mutation Analysis Identifies SNPs and mutations. Pharmacogenom ics Studies genetic influences on drug responses.
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DNA Microarray Limitations LimitedProtein Info Cannot measure protein expression. False Results Hybridization errors can lead to inaccuracies. Low Sensitivity Limited detection of low-abundance genes.
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Why Protein Microarrays? DNAArray Limitations Do not reflect protein expression. Cannot detect PTMs. Protein Array Advantages Direct measurement of protein function. Identify disease-specific biomarkers.
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Protein Microarray: Definition 1Definition Analyzes protein interactions, activity, and expression. 2 Principle Based on specific molecular binding. 3 Types Analytical, Functional, Reverse-phase.
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Protein Microarray Procedure ChipFabrication Immobilize proteins on the chip. Sample Application Incubate sample with the chip. Incubation Allow binding reactions. Detection Visualize protein interactions.
