Array,MULTI ARRAY, IN C

C L A S S R O L L : 1 7 B S C S 7 6 U N I V E R S I T Y : Q A I D - E - A W A M E N G I N E E R I N G U N I V E R S I T Y , N A W A B S H A H , S I N D H , P A K I S T A N D A T E : 2 4 / 8 / 2 0 1 7 NAVEED JAMALI

INTRODUCTION ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAY Array

Introduction  An array is a sequence of homogenous elements  It holds multiple values of same type.  Each block of array is stored consecutively in memory. SYNTAX: data-type name[size]; Example: int a[6]; Arrays always start with 0 and end with [size-1]

One dimensional Array An array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by at least one array index SYNTAX: data-type name[index]; EXAMPLE: int num[10];

Initialization  int num[6]={2,4,6,7,8,12};  Individual elements can also be initialize as:  num[0]=2;  num[1]=4;  num[2]=6;  num[3]=7;  num[4]=8;  num[5]=12; A specific element in an array is accessed by an index.

Arrays: Example #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int age[3]; age[0] = 25; age[1] = 30; age[2] = 35; for (int j=0; j<3; j++) printf("%dn",age[j]); getch(); } 25 30 35 age[1] age[0] age[2]

Reading Data from User  for loop is used to read data from the user.

Arrays: Example #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int age[3]; age[0] = 25; age[1] = 30; age[2] = 35; printf("Ages are "); for (int j=0; j<3; j++) printf("%dn",age[j]); getch(); } #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int age[3]; for (int i = 0; i<3; i++) { printf("Enter ages n"); scanf("%d",&age[i]);} printf("Ages are "); for (int j=0; j<3; j++) printf("%d n",age[j]); getch(); }

Initializing Arrays in Declarations • Possible to declare the size & initialize • Possible to omit size at declaration – Compiler figures out size of array int results [5] = {14, 6, 23, 8, 12 } float prices [ ] = { 2.41, 85.06, 19.95, 3.91 }

Arrays Initialization: Example #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int age[3] = {25, 30, 35}; for (int j=0; j<3; j++) printf("%dn",age[j]); getch(); } #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int age[ ] = {25, 30, 35}; for (int j=0; j<3; j++) printf("%dn",age[j]); getch(); } Empty brackets can take any size

Arrays: Class Exercise Write a C program using arrays that accepts five (05) integers and then prints them in reverse order. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int order[5]; printf("Enter numbers n"); for(int i=0; i<=4; i++) scanf("%d ", &order[i]); for (int j=4; j>=0; j--) printf("%dn", order[j]); getch(); }

Class work  WAP to read 10 numbers from the user and display them.  WAP to read 20 numbers from the user and find out the highest number.

WAP to read 10 numbers from the user and display them.  #include<stdio.h>  #include<conio.h>  int main ()  {  int a[10];  int i;  printf("please enter ten numbersn");  for(i=0;i<10;i++)  {  scanf("%d",&a[i]);  }  for(i=0;i<10;i++)  {  printf("%dt",a[i]);  }  getch();  }

WAP to read 20 numbers from the user and find out the highest number.  #include <stdio.h>  int main()  {  int array[20], size, i, largest;  printf("n Enter the size of the array: ");  scanf("%d", &size);  printf("n Enter %d elements of the array: ", size);  for (i = 0; i < size; i++)  scanf("%d", &array[i]);  largest = array[0];  for (i = 1; i < size; i++)  {  if (largest < array[i])  largest = array[i];  }  printf("n Highest element present in the given array is : %d",largest);  getch();  }

Advantage of Array  Huge amount of data can be stored under single variable name.  Searching of data item is faster.  2 dimension arrays are used to represent the matrices.  It is helpful in implementing other data structure like linked list, queue,stack.

2-Dimensional Arrays • A collection of a fixed number of components arranged in two dimensions – All components are of the same type • The syntax for declaring a two-dimensional array is: dataType arrayName[intexp1][intexp2]; where intexp1 and intexp2 are expressions yielding positive integer values; e.g., double sales[10][5]

2-Dimensional Arrays • The two expressions intexp1 and intexp2 specify the number of rows and the number of columns, respectively, in the array • Two-dimensional arrays are sometimes called matrices or tables

2-Dimensional Arrays double sales[10][5];

2-Dimensional Arrays  The syntax to access a component of a two- dimensional array is: arrayName[indexexp1][indexexp2] where indexexp1 and indexexp2 are expressions yielding nonnegative integer values  indexexp1 specifies the row position and indexexp2 specifies the column position

2-Dimensional Arrays sales[2][3] = 35.60; 35.60

2-Dimensional Arrays Accessing  Accessing all of the elements of a two-dimensional array requires two loops: one for the row, and one for the column.  Since two-dimensional arrays are typically accessed row by row, generally the row index is used as the outer loop. for (int nRow = 0; nRow < nNumRows; nRow++) for (int nCol = 0; nCol < nNumCols; nCol++) printf(“%d”,anArray[nRow][nCol]);

2 DIM. Arrays: Example #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { double sales[2][3]; sales[0][0] = 2.3; sales[0][1] = 3.5; sales[0][2] = 4.2; sales[1][0] = 5.6; sales[1][1] = 6.7; sales[1][2] = 7.8; //complete program by //printing the values which look like this:

2-Dimensional Arrays Initialization  Like one-dimensional arrays  Two-dimensional arrays can be initialized when they are declared  To initialize a two-dimensional array when it is declared 1) Elements of each row are enclosed within braces and separated by commas 2) All rows are enclosed within braces 3) For number arrays, if all components of a row are not specified, the unspecified components are initialized to zero

2-Dimensional Arrays Initialization  Example: int anArray[3][5] = { { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, }, // row 0 { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, }, // row 1 { 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 } // row 2 };

2 DIM. Arrays: Example #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int matrix[2][2] = { {2,3,}, //row0 {5,7} //row1 }; printf("n Resultant n"); for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < 2; j++) { printf(" %d", matrix[i][j]); } printf("n"); } getch(); }

2 DIM. Arrays: Class Exercise Write a C program using 2 DIM. arrays that gets 2x2 matrix input from the user and then prints the resultant matrix. The output should look like this:

2 DIM. Arrays: Exercise Solution #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int matrix[2][2]; for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < 2; j++) { printf("Enter values for [%d %d] ",i,j); printf("n"); for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < 2; j++) { printf(" %d",matrix[i][j]); } printf("n"); } getch();

2 DIM. Arrays: Class Exercise Write a C program using 2 DIM. arrays that gets two 2x2 matrices as an input from the user and then prints the sum of entered matrices. The output should look like this:

Ex.1 #include <stdio.h>  int main()  {  int a[2][2], b[2][2],c[2][2];  int i, j;  printf("Enter elements of 1st matrixn");  for(i=0; i<2; ++i)  for(j=0; j<2; ++j)  {  scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);  }  printf("Enter elements of 2nd matrixn");  for(i=0; i<2; ++i)  for(j=0; j<2; ++j)  {  scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);  } for(i=0; i<2; ++i) for(j=0; j<2; ++j) { c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j]; } printf("nSum Of Matrix:n"); for(i=0; i<2; ++i) { for(j=0; j<2; ++j) { printf("%dt", c[i][j]); if(j==1) ; } printf("n"); } return 0; }

2 D. Arrays: Write a C program using arrays that produces the multiplication of two matrices.#include <stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int a[2][2], b[2][2],c[2][2]; int i, j; printf("Enter elements of 1st matrixn"); for(i=0; i<2; ++i) for(j=0; j<2; ++j) { scanf("%d", &a[i][j]); } printf("Enter elements of 2nd matrixn"); for(i=0; i<2; ++i) for(j=0; j<2; ++j) { scanf("%d", &b[i][j]); } for(i=0; i<2; ++i) for(j=0; j<2; ++j) { c[i][j] = a[i][j] * b[i][j]; } printf("n Multiplication Of Matrix:n"); for(i=0; i<2; ++i) { for(j=0; j<2; ++j) { printf("%dt", c[i][j]); if(j==1) ; } printf("n"); } return 0; }

Array,MULTI ARRAY, IN C

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Array,MULTI ARRAY, IN C

Recently uploaded

Array,MULTI ARRAY, IN C