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Project Setup
Create a Project Directory: Name it weather-app. This will organize your project files.
File Structure:
- index.html: Contains the markup for the application.
- style.css: Styles the application.
- script.js: Contains the logic to fetch and display weather data.
Development Steps
1. HTML Markup (index.html)
- Start with a basic HTML structure. Link your CSS and JavaScript files.
- Create a form with an input field for the user to search by location (e.g., city name).
- Include a main element (<main>) where the weather data will be displayed.
Let's open the index.html file and add the following code to it:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>Weather App</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" /> <script src="script.js" defer></script> </head> <body> <form id="form"> <input type="text" id="search" placeholder="Search by location" autocomplete="off" /> </form> <main id="main"></main> </body> </html> 2. Styling (style.css)
- Apply global styles and import a font from Google Fonts for a clean look.
- Style the input field with rounded corners and a box shadow for depth.
- Design the weather display section to center content and enhance the visibility of weather information.
Let's open the style.css file and add the following CSS code to it:
@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@200;400;600&display=swap"); * { box-sizing: border-box; } body { background: linear-gradient(300deg, #ced1d6, #bfc0c0); font-family: "Poppins", sans-serif; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin: 0; min-height: 100vh; } input { background-color: #fff; border: none; border-radius: 25px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; padding: 1rem; min-width: 300px; } input:focus { outline: none; } .weather { font-size: 2rem; text-align: center; } .weather h2 { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 0; } 3. JavaScript Logic (script.js)
Initialization:
- Define your API key from OpenWeatherMap.
- You’ll need to sign up for a free API key at OpenWeatherMap to use their service.
- Select the DOM elements you will interact with: the form, search input, and main content area.
Fetching Weather Data:
- Construct the API URL to fetch weather data for the user-specified location.
- Create an asynchronous function to fetch weather data using the Fetch API, then parse the response as JSON.
- Handle errors gracefully to alert the user if the data cannot be retrieved.
Displaying Weather Data:
- Convert the temperature from Kelvin to Celsius for readability.
- Create a function to update the DOM with the weather data, including the temperature, weather conditions, and an icon representing the weather.
- Clear the previous search results each time new data is fetched.
Event Handlers:
- Add an event listener to the form to prevent the default submit action and call the function to fetch and display weather data when a user searches for a location.
Let's open the script.js file and add the following JavaScript code to it:
const apikey = "3265874a2c77ae4a04bb96236a642d2f"; const main = document.getElementById("main"); const form = document.getElementById("form"); const search = document.getElementById("search"); const url = (city) => `https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=${city}&appid=${apikey}`; async function getWeatherByLocation(city) { const resp = await fetch(url(city), { origin: "cors" }); const respData = await resp.json(); console.log(respData); addWeatherToPage(respData); } function addWeatherToPage(data) { const temp = KtoC(data.main.temp); const weather = document.createElement("div"); weather.classList.add("weather"); weather.innerHTML = ` <h2><img src="https://openweathermap.org/img/wn/${data.weather[0].icon}@2x.png" /> ${temp}°C <img src="https://openweathermap.org/img/wn/${data.weather[0].icon}@2x.png" /></h2> <small>${data.weather[0].main}</small> `; // cleanup main.innerHTML = ""; main.appendChild(weather); } function KtoC(K) { return Math.floor(K - 273.15); } form.addEventListener("submit", (e) => { e.preventDefault(); const city = search.value; if (city) { getWeatherByLocation(city); } });Open index.html in Browser
Let's open the index.html file in the browser, and you will be able to see the following screen:
Conclusion
Following these steps, you've created a functional Weather App that can provide real-time weather updates for different locations. This project introduces you to working with APIs, asynchronous JavaScript, and dynamically updating the HTML with JavaScript.
Feel encouraged to expand on this project:
- Implement error handling for invalid location searches.
- Add more weather details like wind speed, humidity, and pressure.
- Explore adding a feature to switch between Celsius and Fahrenheit.
- Consider implementing a feature that uses the user's current location to fetch weather data automatically.
This Weather App project serves as a practical introduction to creating web applications with JavaScript. It showcases the power of APIs in integrating dynamic data into projects.
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