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CockroachDB supports the following SQL statements. Click a statement for more details.
Data Manipulation Statements
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
CREATE TABLE AS | Create a new table in a database using the results from a selection query. |
DELETE | Delete specific rows from a table. |
EXPLAIN | View debugging and analysis details for a statement that operates over tabular data. |
IMPORT | Import an entire table's data via CSV files. |
INSERT | Insert rows into a table. |
SELECT | Select specific rows and columns from a table and optionally compute derived values. |
SHOW TRACE | Execute a statement and then return a trace of its actions through all of CockroachDB's software layers. |
TABLE | Select all rows and columns from a table. |
TRUNCATE | Delete all rows from specified tables. |
UPDATE | Update rows in a table. |
UPSERT | Insert rows that do not violate uniqueness constraints; update rows that do. |
VALUES | Return rows containing specific values. |
Data Definition Statements
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
ADD COLUMN | Add columns to a table. |
ADD CONSTRAINT | Add a constraint to a column. |
ALTER COLUMN | Change a column's Default constraint or drop the Not Null constraint. |
ALTER DATABASE | Apply a schema change to a database. |
ALTER INDEX | Apply a schema change to an index. |
ALTER SEQUENCE | New in v2.0: Apply a schema change to a sequence. |
ALTER TABLE | Apply a schema change to a table. |
ALTER USER | New in v2.0: Add or change a user's password. |
ALTER VIEW | Rename a view. |
CREATE DATABASE | Create a new database. |
CREATE INDEX | Create an index for a table. |
CREATE SEQUENCE | New in v2.0: Create a new sequence. |
CREATE TABLE | Create a new table in a database. |
CREATE TABLE AS | Create a new table in a database using the results from a selection query. |
CREATE VIEW | Create a new view in a database. |
DROP COLUMN | Remove columns from a table. |
DROP CONSTRAINT | Remove constraints from a column. |
DROP DATABASE | Remove a database and all its objects. |
DROP INDEX | Remove an index for a table. |
DROP SEQUENCE | New in v2.0: Remove a sequence. |
DROP TABLE | Remove a table. |
DROP VIEW | Remove a view. |
EXPERIMENTAL_AUDIT | Turn SQL audit logging on or off for a table. |
RENAME COLUMN | Rename a column in a table. |
RENAME DATABASE | Rename a database. |
RENAME INDEX | Rename an index for a table. |
RENAME SEQUENCE | Rename a sequence. |
RENAME TABLE | Rename a table or move a table between databases. |
SHOW COLUMNS | View details about columns in a table. |
SHOW CONSTRAINTS | List constraints on a table. |
SHOW CREATE SEQUENCE | New in v2.0: View the CREATE SEQUENCE statement that would create a copy of the specified sequence. |
SHOW CREATE TABLE | View the CREATE TABLE statement that would create a copy of the specified table. |
SHOW CREATE VIEW | View the CREATE VIEW statement that would create a copy of the specified view. |
SHOW DATABASES | List databases in the cluster. |
SHOW INDEX | View index information for a table. |
SHOW SCHEMAS | New in v2.0: List the schemas in a database. |
SHOW TABLES | List tables or views in a database or virtual schema. |
SHOW EXPERIMENTAL_RANGES | Show range information about a specific table or index. |
SPLIT AT | Force a key-value layer range split at the specified row in the table or index. |
VALIDATE CONSTRAINT | Check whether values in a column match a constraint on the column. |
Transaction Management Statements
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
BEGIN | Initiate a transaction. |
COMMIT | Commit the current transaction. |
RELEASE SAVEPOINT | When using the CockroachDB-provided function for client-side transaction retries, commit the transaction's changes once there are no retryable errors. |
ROLLBACK | Discard all updates made by the current transaction or, when using the CockroachDB-provided function for client-side transaction retries, rollback to the cockroach_restart savepoint and retry the transaction. |
SAVEPOINT | When using the CockroachDB-provided function for client-side transaction retries, start a retryable transaction. |
SET TRANSACTION | Set the isolation level or priority for the session or for an individual transaction. |
SHOW | View the current transaction settings. |
Access Management Statements
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
CREATE ROLE | New in v2.0: Create SQL roles, which are groups containing any number of roles and users as members. |
CREATE USER | Create SQL users, which lets you control privileges on your databases and tables. |
DROP ROLE | New in v2.0: Remove one or more SQL roles. |
DROP USER | Remove one or more SQL users. |
GRANT <privileges> | Grant privileges to users or roles. |
GRANT <roles> | New in v2.0: Add a role or user as a member to a role. |
REVOKE <privileges> | Revoke privileges from users or roles. |
REVOKE <roles> | New in v2.0: Revoke a role or user's membership to a role. |
SHOW GRANTS | View privileges granted to users. |
SHOW ROLES | Lists the roles for all databases. |
SHOW USERS | Lists the users for all databases. |
Session Management Statements
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
RESET | Reset a session variable to its default value. |
SET | Set a current session variable. |
SET TRANSACTION | Set the isolation level or priority for an individual transaction. |
SHOW | List the current session or transaction settings. |
Cluster Management Statements
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
RESET CLUSTER SETTING | Reset a cluster setting to its default value. |
SET CLUSTER SETTING | Set a cluster-wide setting. |
SHOW ALL CLUSTER SETTINGS | List the current cluster-wide settings. |
SHOW SESSIONS | List details about currently active sessions. |
Query Management Statements
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
CANCEL QUERY | Cancel a running SQL query. |
SHOW QUERIES | List details about current active SQL queries. |
Job Management Statements
Jobs in CockroachDB represent tasks that might not complete immediately, such as schema changes or enterprise backups or restores.
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
CANCEL JOB | Cancel a BACKUP, RESTORE, or IMPORT job. |
PAUSE JOB | Pause a BACKUP, RESTORE, or IMPORT job. |
RESUME JOB | Resume paused BACKUP, RESTORE, or IMPORT jobs. |
SHOW JOBS | View information on jobs. |
Backup & Restore Statements (Enterprise)
The following statements are available only to enterprise users.
| Statement | Usage |
|---|---|
BACKUP | Create disaster recovery backups of databases and tables. |
RESTORE | Restore databases and tables using your backups. |
SHOW BACKUP | List the contents of a backup. |