SQL Statements

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CockroachDB supports the following SQL statements. Click a statement for more details.

Data Manipulation Statements

Statement	Usage
`CREATE TABLE AS`	Create a new table in a database using the results from a `SELECT` statement.
`DELETE`	Delete specific rows from a table.
`EXPLAIN`	View debugging and analysis details for a `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, or `DELETE` statement.
`INSERT`	Insert rows into a table.
`SELECT`	Select rows from a table.
`TRUNCATE`	Deletes all rows from specified tables.
`UPDATE`	Update rows in a table.
`UPSERT`	Insert rows that do not violate uniqueness constraints; update rows that do.

Statement	Usage
`ADD COLUMN`	Add columns to a table.
`ADD CONSTRAINT`	Add a constraint to a column.
`ALTER COLUMN`	Change a column's Default constraint or drop the Not Null constraint.
`ALTER TABLE`	Apply a schema change to a table.
`ALTER VIEW`	Rename a view.
`CREATE DATABASE`	Create a new database.
`CREATE INDEX`	Create an index for a table.
`CREATE TABLE`	Create a new table in a database.
`CREATE TABLE AS`	Create a new table in a database using the results from a `SELECT` statement.
`CREATE VIEW`	Create a new view in a database.
`DROP COLUMN`	Remove columns from a table.
`DROP CONSTRAINT`	Remove constraints from a column.
`DROP DATABASE`	Remove a database and all its objects.
`DROP INDEX`	Remove an index for a table.
`DROP TABLE`	Remove a table.
`DROP VIEW`	Remove a view.
`RENAME COLUMN`	Rename a column in a table.
`RENAME DATABASE`	Rename a database.
`RENAME INDEX`	Rename an index for a table.
`RENAME TABLE`	Rename a table or move a table between databases.
`SHOW COLUMNS`	View details about columns in a table.
`SHOW CONSTRAINTS`	List constraints on a table.
`SHOW CREATE TABLE`	View the `CREATE TABLE` statement that would create a carbon copy of the specified table.
`SHOW CREATE VIEW`	View the `CREATE VIEW` statement that would create a carbon copy of the specified view.
`SHOW DATABASES`	List databases in the cluster.
`SHOW INDEX`	View index information for a table.
`SHOW TABLES`	List tables in a database.

Statement	Usage
`BEGIN`	Initiate a transaction.
`COMMIT`	Commit the current transaction.
`RELEASE SAVEPOINT`	When using the CockroachDB-provided function for client-side transaction retries, commit the transaction's changes once there are no retryable errors.
`ROLLBACK`	Discard all updates made by the current transaction or, when using the CockroachDB-provided function for client-side transaction retries, rollback to the `cockroach_restart` savepoint and retry the transaction.
`SAVEPOINT`	When using the CockroachDB-provided function for client-side transaction retries, start a retryable transaction.
`SET TRANSACTION`	Set the isolation level or priority for the session or for an individual transaction.
`SHOW`	View the current transaction settings.

Statement	Usage
`CREATE USER`	Creates a SQL user, which lets you control privileges on your databases and tables.
`GRANT`	Grant privileges to users.
`REVOKE`	Revoke privileges from users.
`SHOW GRANTS`	View privileges granted to users.
`SHOW USERS`	Lists the users for all databases.

Statement	Usage
`SET`	Set the current session parameters.
`SET TRANSACTION`	Set the isolation level or priority for an individual transaction.
`SHOW`	List the current session or transaction settings.

Statement	Usage
`SHOW ALL CLUSTER SETTINGS`	List the current cluster-wide settings.
`SET CLUSTER SETTING`	Set a cluster-wide setting.

The following statements are available only to enterprise license users.

Note:

For non-enterprise users, see Back up Data and Restore Data.

Statement	Usage
`BACKUP`	Create disaster recovery backups of databases and tables.
`RESTORE`	Restore databases and tables using your backups.