feat(common): add component input binding support for NgComponentOutlet

[HyperLife1119]

This commit add component input binding support for NgComponentOutlet.

PR Checklist

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• The commit message follows our guidelines: https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#commit
• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)

PR Type

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update (formatting, local variables)
• Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
• Build related changes
• CI related changes
• Documentation content changes
• angular.io application / infrastructure changes
• Other... Please describe:

What is the current behavior?

Issue Number: N/A

What is the new behavior?

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Other information

[ankitkaushik24]

Can we please merge this crucial feature @alxhub

[pkozlowski-opensource]

@HyperLife1119 sorry it took us a bit of time to take care of this PR - some of the internal Google tests were failing and we had to investigate. I do have a changed version (see a fixup commit) in #51148.

I'm going to close this PR and work towards landing #51148 instead (the commit will be attributed to you as an author).

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