grid-template

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since October 2017.

grid-template，CSS 属性简写，用以定义网格中行、列与分区。

尝试一下

grid-template: "a a a" 40px "b c c" 40px "b c c" 40px / 1fr 1fr 1fr; 
grid-template: "b b a" auto "b b c" 2ch "b b c" 1em / 20% 20px 1fr; 
grid-template: "a a ." minmax(50px, auto) "a a ." 80px "b b c" auto / 2em 3em auto; 
<section class="default-example" id="default-example"> <div class="example-container"> <div class="transition-all" id="example-element"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> </div> </div> </section> 
#example-element { border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; display: grid; grid-gap: 10px; width: 200px; } #example-element :nth-child(1) { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.2); border: 3px solid blue; grid-area: a; } #example-element :nth-child(2) { background-color: rgba(255, 0, 200, 0.2); border: 3px solid rebeccapurple; grid-area: b; } #example-element :nth-child(3) { background-color: rgba(94, 255, 0, 0.2); border: 3px solid green; grid-area: c; }

所简写属性：grid-template-rows、grid-template-columns与grid-template-areas。

语法

css
/* 值为关键词 */ grid-template: none; /* 为 grid-template-rows / grid-template-columns */ grid-template: 100px 1fr / 50px 1fr; grid-template: auto 1fr / auto 1fr auto; grid-template: [linename] 100px / [columnname1] 30% [columnname2] 70%; grid-template: fit-content(100px) / fit-content(40%); /* 为 grid-template-areas grid-template-rows / grid-template-column */ grid-template: "a a a" "b b b"; grid-template: "a a a" 20% "b b b" auto; grid-template: [header-top] "a a a" [header-bottom] [main-top] "b b b" 1fr [main-bottom] / auto 1fr auto; /* 为全局值 */ grid-template: inherit; grid-template: initial; grid-template: unset;

可设值

none

关键词，设上文“所简写属性”为none，即恢复默认设置。行列隐式生成，grid-auto-rows与grid-auto-columns定其尺寸。

<'grid-template-rows'> / <'grid-template-columns'>

指定grid-template-rows与grid-template-columns之值，并设grid-template-areas为none。

[ <line-names>? <string> <track-size>? <line-names>? ]+ [ / <explicit-track-list> ]?

设grid-template-areas为列得<string>、grid-template-columns为<explicit-track-list>（默认为none）、grid-template-rows为<track-size>（默认为auto）并拼接尺寸前后所定义之行。

注：轨道被用以与“ASCII art”（即字符画，此处指<string>）中行列逐一视觉对齐，故<explicit-track-list>中不允许repeat()。

注：grid可如此用，但将重置隐式网格属性。Use grid (as opposed to grid-template) to prevent these values from cascading in seperately.

形式语法

grid-template = 
 none |
 [ <'grid-template-rows'> / <'grid-template-columns'> ] |
 [ <line-names>? <string> <track-size>? <line-names>? ]+ [ / <explicit-track-list> ]? 

<grid-template-rows> = 
 none |
 <track-list> |
 <auto-track-list> |
 subgrid <line-name-list>? 

<grid-template-columns> = 
 none |
 <track-list> |
 <auto-track-list> |
 subgrid <line-name-list>? 

<line-names> = 
 '[' <custom-ident>* ']' 

<track-size> = 
 <track-breadth> |
 minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) |
 fit-content( <length-percentage [0,∞]> ) 

<explicit-track-list> = 
 [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>? 

<track-list> = 
 [ <line-names>? [ <track-size> | <track-repeat> ] ]+ <line-names>? 

<auto-track-list> = 
 [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>? <auto-repeat> [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>? 

<line-name-list> = 
 [ <line-names> | <name-repeat> ]+ 

<track-breadth> = 
 <length-percentage [0,∞]> |
 <flex [0,∞]> |
 min-content |
 max-content |
 auto 

<inflexible-breadth> = 
 <length-percentage [0,∞]> |
 min-content |
 max-content |
 auto 

<length-percentage> = 
 <length> |
 <percentage> 

<track-repeat> = 
 repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> ] , [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>? ) 

<fixed-size> = 
 <fixed-breadth> |
 minmax( <fixed-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) |
 minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <fixed-breadth> ) 

<fixed-repeat> = 
 repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? ) 

<auto-repeat> = 
 repeat( [ auto-fill | auto-fit ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? ) 

<name-repeat> = 
 repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> | auto-fill ] , <line-names>+ ) 

<fixed-breadth> = 
 <length-percentage [0,∞]>

示例

CSS

css
#page { display: grid; width: 100%; height: 200px; grid-template: [header-left] "head head" 30px [header-right] [main-left] "nav main" 1fr [main-right] [footer-left] "nav foot" 30px [footer-right] / 120px 1fr; } header { background-color: lime; grid-area: head; } nav { background-color: lightblue; grid-area: nav; } main { background-color: yellow; grid-area: main; } footer { background-color: red; grid-column: foot; }

HTML

html
<section id="page"> <header>Header</header> <nav>Navigation</nav> <main>Main area</main> <footer>Footer</footer> </section>

结果

规范

Specification
CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2
# explicit-grid-shorthand
初始值该简写所对应的每个属性：
适用元素网格容器
是否是继承属性否
Percentages该简写所对应的每个属性：
计算值该简写所对应的每个属性：
动画类型该简写所对应的每个属性：
  • grid-template-columns: simple list of length, percentage, or calc, provided the only differences are in the values of the length, percentage, or calc components in the list
  • grid-template-rows: simple list of length, percentage, or calc, provided the only differences are in the values of the length, percentage, or calc components in the list
  • grid-template-areas: 离散值

浏览器兼容性

参见