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Steve Mak
Steve Mak

Posted on • Edited on

Learning Notes of ASP.NET MVC

#learning #aspdotnet #mvc #netcore

(Original reference: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET_MVC_Framework)

  • Initial release on 17 March 2009.
  • Latest release (ASP.NET MVC 5.2) on 24 December 2014.
  • ASP.NET MVC Framework includes in the package of System.Web.Mvc.
  • Core namespaces of ASP.NET
    • System.Web.Mvc
    • HtmlHelper
    • System.Web.Mvc.Html
  • ASP.NET MVC support below view of type
    • Normal view (.aspx, supported by ViewPage)
    • Partial view (.ascx, supported by ViewUserControl)
    • Layout view (.master, suppoted by ViewMasterPage)
  • Type of View Engine
    • Web Form
    • Razor View
  • Support HTTP methods
    • HttpVerbs.Get
    • HttpVerbs.Post
    • HttpVerbs.Delete
    • HttpVerbs.Put
    • HttpVerbs.Head

(GitHub: https://github.com/aspnet/AspNetWebStack)

Controller

Support on method decorator

  • HttpVerbs.Get
  • HttpVerbs.Post
  • HttpVerbs.Delete
  • HttpVerbs.Put
  • HttpVerbs.Head

Type of ActionResult

  • ViewResult物件，這個物件內裝載了IView介面的資訊，以及IViewEngine的資訊，實際產生輸出資料的會是 IViewEngine，以及其指示的 View 物件。
  • PartialViewResult物件，與ViewResult相似，但它回傳的是"部份展示"，即使用者控制項的View。
  • ContentResult物件，裝載由使用者自訂的 Content-Type 以及資料。
  • EmptyResult物件，表示不回傳任何東西。
  • HttpUnauthorizedReuslt物件，表示動作沒有被授權（即 HTTP 401）的錯誤訊息。
  • JavaScriptResult物件，表示回傳的是JavaScript指令碼。
  • JsonResult物件，表示回傳的是JSON資料。
  • FileResult物件，表示回傳的是一個檔案資料。
  • RedirectResult物件，表示回傳的是一個重導向 (HTTP Redirect) 指令。
  • RedirectToRouteResult物件，與 RedirectResult 類似，但是它是重導向給一個 Route 的路徑。 
using System.Linq; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web; using System; // GET: /Person/ public ActionResult Index() { return View(people); } // GET: /Person/Details/5 public ActionResult Details(Person person) { return View(person); } // GET: /Person/Create public ActionResult Create() { return View(); } // POST: /Person/Create [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Create(Person person) { if (!ModelState.IsValid) { return View("Create", person); } people.Add(person); return RedirectToAction("Index"); }
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View

ASP.NET supports three types of view

  • .aspx網頁，由 ViewPage 來支援。
  • .ascx使用者控制項，由 ViewUserControl 來支援。
  • .master主版頁面，由 ViewMasterPage 來支援。 
<%@ Master Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewMasterPage" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html> <head runat="server"> <title><asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="TitleContent" runat="server" /></title> <link href="../../Content/Site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div class="page"> <div id="header"> <div id="title"> <h1>My MVC Application</h1> </div> <div id="logindisplay"> <% Html.RenderPartial("LogOnUserControl"); %> </div> <div id="menucontainer"> <ul id="menu"> <li><%= Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")%></li> <li><%= Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")%></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="main"> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="MainContent" runat="server" /> <div id="footer"> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
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Model Validation 

/* * Manually Validation */ [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Create(Person person) { if (person.Name.Trim().Length == 0) { ModelState.AddModelError("Name", "Name is required."); } if (person.Age < 1 || person.Age > 200) { ModelState.AddModelError("Age", "Age must be within range 1 to 200."); } if ((person.Zipcode.Trim().Length > 0) && (!Regex.IsMatch(person.Zipcode, @"^\d{5}$|^\d{5}-\d{4}$"))) { ModelState.AddModelError("Zipcode", "Zipcode is invalid."); } if (!Regex.IsMatch(person.Phone, @"((\(\d{3}\) ?)|(\d{3}-))?\d{3}-\d{4}")) { ModelState.AddModelError("Phone", "Phone number is invalid."); } if (!Regex.IsMatch(person.Email, @"^[\w-\.]+@([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]{2,4}$")) { ModelState.AddModelError("Email", "Email format is invalid."); } if (!ModelState.IsValid) { return View("Create", person); } people.Add(person); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } /* * Use Data Annotation */ using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; namespace MvcDA { [MetadataType(typeof(ProductMD))] public partial class Product { public class ProductMD { [StringLength(50),Required] public object Name { get; set; } [StringLength(15)] public object Color { get; set; } [Range(0, 9999)] public object Weight { get; set; } // public object NoSuchProperty { get; set; } } } }
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<h2>Create</h2> <%= Html.ValidationSummary("Create was unsuccessful. Please correct the errors and try again.") %> <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%> <fieldset> <legend>Fields</legend> <p> <label for="Name">Name:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("Name") %> Required <%= Html.ValidationMessage("Name", "*") %> </p> <p> <label for="Age">Age:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("Age") %> Required <%= Html.ValidationMessage("Age", "*") %> </p> <p> <label for="Street">Street:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("Street") %> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("Street", "*") %> </p> <p> <label for="City">City:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("City") %> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("City", "*") %> </p> <p> <label for="State">State:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("State") %> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("State", "*") %> </p> <p> <label for="Zipcode">Zipcode:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("Zipcode") %> <%= Html.ValidationMessage("Zipcode", "*") %> </p> <p> <label for="Phone">Phone:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("Phone") %> Required <%= Html.ValidationMessage("Phone", "*") %> </p> <p> <label for="Email">Email:</label> <%= Html.TextBox("Email") %> Required <%= Html.ValidationMessage("Email", "*") %> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="Create" /> </p> </fieldset> <% } %> <div> <%=Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %> </div>
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Html Helper 

// Render Html.Encode | Html.AttributeEncode Html.ActionLink | Html.RouteLink Html.Partial | Html.RenderPartial Html.DisplayFor | Html.DisplayTextFor | Html.DisplayNameFor Html.FormatValue | Html.Raw // Verification Html.EnableClientValidation | Html.EnableUnobtrusiveJavaScript // Form related Html.BeginForm | Html.EndForm Html.AntiForgeryToken Html.EditorFor | Html.LabelFor | Html.Hidden Html.Password | Html.RadioButton | Html.CheckBox Html.TextBox | Html.TextArea | Html.DropDownList Html.ListBox Html.ValidationMessageFor | Html.ValidationSummary
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