What I learnt
- Exceptions & Common Exceptions
- Raising Exceptions
- Handling Exceptions
- Error Handling in functions
Exceptions
Exceptions in Python are errors that occur during the execution of a program. They are used to indicate that something has gone wrong and can be handled by the program to prevent it from crashing.
An exception is a description of what went wrong and a traceback to where it happened.
Common Exceptions:
Some of the most common exceptions are:
- 1. ZeroDivisionError
- 2. NameError
- 3. TypeError
- 4. IndexError
- 5. KeyError
- 6. AttributeError
- 7. ValueError
- 8. SyntaxError
- 9. IndentationError
- 10. ModuleNotFoundError
Examples of common exceptions
# 1. ZeroDivisionError print(1/0) # 2. NameError print(age) # 3. TypeError print('1' + 1) # 4. IndexError fruits = ['Apple', 'Orange'] print(fruits[2]) # 5. KeyError fruits = {'Apple': 1, 'Orange': 2} print(fruits['Banana']) # 6. AttributeError fruits = ['Apple', 'Orange'] fruits.append(1) print(fruits) # 7. ValueError int('a') # 8. SyntaxError print('Hello) # 9. IndentationError def greet(): print('Hello') greet() # 10. ModuleNotFoundError import module Raising Exceptions
You can raise exceptions by using the raise keyword. You can also raise exceptions with a custom error message.
raise Exception('This is an error message') Handling Exceptions
Handling exceptions is a way to prevent your program from crashing when an exception occurs. You can handle exceptions by using the try and except keywords. The try block lets you test a block of code for errors. The except block lets you handle the error. The finally block lets you execute code, regardless of the result of the try- and except blocks.
try: # code that might throw an exception except: # code that runs if an exception is thrown else: # code that runs if no exception is thrown finally: # code that runs no matter what Examples on Handling Exceptions
while True: try: age = int(input('Input your age: ')) print(10/age) except ValueError: print('Please enter a valid number') except ZeroDivisionError: print('Please enter an age higher than 0') else: break Error Handling in functions
def divide(dividend, divisor): '''Divides two numbers and returns the result.''' try: print(type(dividend), type(divisor)) except ZeroDivisionError as error: return error except TypeError as error: return error else: return dividend/divisor finally: return 'This is the finally block' print(divide(101, 10)) print(divide(1, 'a')) Exercise
# 1. Write a function that reads the content of a file and measures the time it takes to read the file. import logging import time def read_file(path): '''Reads the content of a file and measure the time it takes to read the file.''' logging.basicConfig(filename='exceptions.log', level=logging.DEBUG) logger = logging.getLogger() start = time.time() try: time.sleep(2) file = open(path) data = file.read() return data except FileNotFoundError as error: logger.error(error) else: file.close() finally: end = time.time() time_difference = end - start logger.info((f'Time taken to read file: {time_difference}s')) data = read_file('sample.txt') print(data) Conclusion
Now, we know how to handle exceptions in Python. We also learnt how to raise exceptions and handle them. We also learnt how to handle errors in functions. We also learnt how to log errors in a file. It is important to handle exceptions in your code to prevent your program from crashing.
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