外贸报关全流程指南：从出口申报到货物放行
报关是国际贸易中至关重要的环节，涉及进出境运输工具、物品和货物三大类。本文将详细介绍进出口报关全流程，帮助外贸从业者掌握关键操作要点。
Customs declaration is a crucial part of international trade, involving three main categories: inbound/outbound transportation vehicles, articles and goods. This article provides a detailed guide to import/export customs procedures.
1. 出口货物报关流程 | Export Goods Declaration Process
订舱：向船公司订舱
Booking: Reserve space with shipping company
准备文件：货物到达海关监管区后，装货前24小时准备申报文件
Document preparation: Prepare declaration documents 24 hours before loading when goods arrive at customs supervision area
必备文件：清单、发票、合同、核销单、报关委托书等
Essential documents: Packing list, invoice, contract, verification form, customs declaration authorization
出口检验：报关前三天向检验检疫局申报
Export inspection: Declare to inspection and quarantine bureau 3 days before customs declaration
2. 随附单据 | Supporting Documents
需提交货运和商业单据，包括：
Shipping and commercial documents required include:
- 海运提单 | Ocean bill of lading
- 货物发票 | Commercial invoice
- 装箱单 | Packing list
- 特殊单据 | Special certificates
3. 进出口许可证 | Import/Export License
进出口许可证是国家管理货物进出的法律凭证，需随时关注政策调整。
Import/export licenses are legal certificates for goods control, requiring constant policy monitoring.
4. 检验检疫制度 | Inspection and Quarantine System
实行"先查验后报关"模式，启用新版通关单和检验检疫证书。
Implement "inspection before declaration" model with new clearance forms and certificates.
5. 货物查验 | Cargo Inspection
海关查验包括彻底检查、抽查和外观检查三种方式，查验时间不超过48小时。
Customs inspections include thorough check, sampling and appearance inspection, completed within 48 hours.
6. 货物放行 | Cargo Release
海关在审核单证、查验货物并收税后予以放行，未经放行不得提货。
Customs releases goods after document review, inspection and tax payment, no collection allowed before release.
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