构建虚拟Web主机实例

构建虚拟Web主机实例

虚拟web主机的定义：

●在同一台服务器中运行多个Web站点,其中每一个站点并不独立占用一台真正的计算机

虚拟主机的优势：

​ 虚拟Web主机指的是在同一台服务器中运行多个Web站点，其中的每一个站点实际上并不独自占用整个服务器，因此

被称为“虚拟Web主机”。 通过虚拟Web主机服务可以充分利用服务器的硬件资源，从而大大降低网站构建及运行成本。

httpd支持的虚拟主机类型：

●基于域名的虚拟主机 （应用最为广泛）
●基于IP地址的虚拟主机
●基于端口的虚拟主机

特征关系对应分别如下

• ip相同、端口相同，域名不同；

• ip不同，端口不同；

• ip相同，端口不同。

1）基于域名构建示例

构建两个虚拟web站点

1.www.jj.com

2.www.kk.com

实际流程如下：

使用一台httpd服务器搭建，ip地址为192.168.68.145.具体构建过程如下：

1.为虚拟主机提供域名解析

安装bind和httpd服务：yum install -y bind httpd

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf [root@localhost ~]# head -21 /etc/named.conf |tail options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing"; secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots"; allow-query { any; }; [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones [root@localhost ~]# head -34 /etc/named.rfc1912.zones | tail zone "ll.com" IN { type master; file "ll.com.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "cc.com" IN { type master; file "cc.com.zone"; allow-update { none; }; [root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/ [root@localhost named]# ls data dynamic named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves [root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost ll.com.zone [root@localhost named]# vim ll.com.zone [root@localhost named]# cp -p ll.com.zone cc.com.zone [root@localhost named]# cat ll.com.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS @ A 127.0.0.1 www IN A 192.168.68.145 [root@localhost named]# cat cc.com.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. ( 0 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum NS @ A 127.0.0.1 www IN A 192.168.68.145 [root@localhost named]# systemctl start named [root@localhost named]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost named]# setenforce usage: setenforce [ Enforcing | Permissive | 1 | 0 ] [root@localhost named]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost named]# systemctl start httpd 

测试是否成功

[root@localhost named]# cd /etc/httpd/ [root@localhost httpd]# cd conf [root@localhost conf]# ls httpd.conf magic [root@localhost conf]# mkdir extra [root@localhost conf]# ls extra httpd.conf magic [root@localhost conf]# cd extra/ [root@localhost extra]# vim vhost.conf [root@localhost extra]# cat vhost.conf <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/ll/" ServerName www.ll.com ErrorLog "logs/www.ll.com.error_log" CustomLog "logs/www.ll.com.access_log" common <Directory "/var/www/html/"> Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/cc/" ServerName www.cc.com ErrorLog "logs/www.cc.com.error_log" CustomLog "logs/www.cc.com.access_log" common <Directory "/var/www/html/"> Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> [root@localhost extra]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost extra]# tail -2 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf Include conf/extra/vhost.conf [root@localhost extra]# systemctl restart httpd 

2）基于端口构建示例

根据以上过程可以继续配置来完成基于端口的构建：

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf [root@localhost ~]# tail /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf <VirtualHost *:8080> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/cc02/" ServerName www.cc.com ErrorLog "logs/www.cc02.com.error_log" CustomLog "logs/www.cc02.com.access_log" common <Directory "/var/www/html/"> Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> [root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/ [root@localhost html]# mkdir cc02 [root@localhost html]# ls cc cc02 ll [root@localhost html]# cd cc02/ [root@localhost cc02]# vim index.html [root@localhost cc02]# cat index.html <h2>this is cc02 web</h2> [root@localhost cc02]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost cc02]# head -43 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | tail -3 Listen 192.168.68.145:80 Listen 192.168.68.145:8080 #Listen 80 [root@localhost cc02]# systemctl restart httpd 

测试验证：输入http://www.cc02.com:8080/即可

3）基于IP地址构建示例

[root@localhost cc02]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf [root@localhost cc02]# cat /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf <VirtualHost 192.168.68.145:80> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/ll/" #ServerName www.ll.com ErrorLog "logs/www.ll.com.error_log" CustomLog "logs/www.ll.com.access_log" common <Directory "/var/www/html/"> Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 192.168.68.146:80> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/ll02/" #ServerName www.ll.com ErrorLog "logs/www.ll02.com.error_log" CustomLog "logs/www.ll02.com.access_log" common <Directory "/var/www/html/"> Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> #<VirtualHost *:80> # DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/cc/" # ServerName www.cc.com # ErrorLog "logs/www.cc.com.error_log" # CustomLog "logs/www.cc.com.access_log" common # <Directory "/var/www/html/"> # Require all granted # </Directory> #</VirtualHost> # #<VirtualHost *:8080> # DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/cc02/" # ServerName www.cc.com # ErrorLog "logs/www.cc02.com.error_log" # CustomLog "logs/www.cc02.com.access_log" common # <Directory "/var/www/html/"> # Require all granted # </Directory> #</VirtualHost> [root@localhost cc02]# mkdir ll02 [root@localhost cc02]# cd ll02 [root@localhost ll02]# vim index.html [root@localhost ll02]# cat index.html <h2>this is ll02 146</h2> [root@localhost ll02]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost ll02]# head -43 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | tail -5 # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # Listen 192.168.68.145:80 Listen 192.168.68.146:80 #Listen 192.168.68.145:8080 

测试验证：输入192.168.68.146