Web Server-Side Programming Techniques

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Web programming Generalintroduction to the topic

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Protocols

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Servers

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Programming techniques

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Client-side techniques

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Standardization

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Protocols The webtechniques is based on TCP/IP protocols

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Mostly used protocolsare HTTP and HTTPS IP: Internet Protocol

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TCP: Transmission ControlProtocol

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UPD: User DatagramProtocol

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TCP/IP based applicationlayer's protocols DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

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DNS: Domain NameService

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FTP: File TransferProtocol

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HTTP: Hypertext TransferProtocol

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IMAP: Internet MessageAccess Protocol

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IRC: Internet RelayChat Protocol

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POP3: Post OfficeProtocol version 3

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SMTP: Simple MailTransfer Protocol

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SSL/TLS: Secure SocketsLayer

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SSH: Secure Shell

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TELNET: Terminal EmulationProtocol

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HTTP To retrieverlinked resources (hypertext docs)

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Developed 1990 byTim Berners-Lee two major versions: HTTP/1.0 that uses a separate connection for every document

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HTTP/1.1 thatcan reuse the same

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connection to downloadThe client is an application (web browser, spider) on the computer

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the server is an application running on the server computer hosting the web site

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HTTP standars coordinatedby The World Wide Web Consortium (w3.org)

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the Internet EngineeringTask Force (IETF) RFC 2616: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616

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Resources accessed byURI (more specially URL locator)

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HTTP connection Clientestablished TCP connection to TCP port (80)

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Server responses using

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Request method (8methods to identified resource) HEAD, GET, POST PUT, OPTIONS, DELETE, TRACE HTTP request: GET /public/index.html HTTP/1.1

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Web Servers Mostused Web Servers at January 2010 are: Apache 111,307,941 53.84 %

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Microsoft 49,792,844 24.08 %

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Google 14,550,011 7.04 %

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Nginx 15,568,224 7.53% http://nginx.org/ Source: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2010/01/07/january_2010_web_server_survey.html

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Apache HTTP serverhttp://httpd.apache.org/

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Project of ApacheFoundation Also many other Open Source projects are lisenced different way: http://www.apache.org/licenses/ Newest Apache HTTP 2.2 Upcoming version 2.4 SSL and TLS support with mod_ssl module Many features implemented as compiled modules for extending core server

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Programming Apache TheMost popular programming languages used with Apache server are: PHP (the Most popular)

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Python

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Perl Mostly server-sideprogramming language support is implemented as compiled modules which extend the core functionality

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PHP Originally developedby Rasmus Lerdorf PHP = Personal Home Page PHP 3 was rewrited Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski rewrote the parser that formed PHP 3

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New name: PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor PHP 4 powered by Zend Engine

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PHP 5 poweredby Zend Engine 2 Zend Engine is was written by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski

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LAMP LAMP =Linux, Apache, Mysql, PHP or Python or Perl

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Open Source basedsoftware suite to create general purpose web server apps Popular combination of independent OS projects (term used generally to refer these techniques) Same software suite to run on other OS: Windows (WAMP), Mac (MAMP)

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Python Python isa popular OO scripting language mod_python is an Apache HTTP Server to integrate the Python with Apache Python supports many paradigms like functional or aspect-oriented programming Has fully dynamic type system, automatic memory management with garbage collection and late binding

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Language has simpleand intuative syntax

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Microsoft IIS ServerMicrosoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

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The main competitorfor Apache

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IIS7 workson Windows Server 2008

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http://www.iis.net/

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IIS 7.0 wastotally rewritten version of IIS 6.0 Programming techniques supported remains still the same

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Unlike previous versionsof IIS, the modular design of IIS 7.0 allows to implement custom modules

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IIS7 Server CommonHTTP features like Static Content, HTTP errors/redection, HTTP logging etc.

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Supports Optionally custommodules to : CGI – Common Gateway Interface

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ASP.NET

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ASP (classic version)

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.NET extensibility

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ISAPI and ISAPextensions

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Server Side IncludesIt's also possible to plug into IIS some additional module from Microsoft/3 th- party source

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IIS7 development Languagesupport: ASP.NET (C#, VB, J#) and

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Pure PHP Supportusing 3th party's FastCGI module The components of the Microsoft Web Platform: Internet Information Services (IIS), SQL Server (Express), .NET Framework and Visual Web Developer

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Java EE The newest is Java EE 6 http://java.sun.com/javaee/ APIs/Frameworks supported are: Java Servlet

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JavaServer pages (JSP)+ JSTL

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JavaServer Faces

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Java Persistence

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Java Api forWeb Services (JAX- WS, JAX-RS)

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Enterprise JavaBeans

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Related Java SEspecs: JAXP, JDBC, stAX

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Java EE appservers Java EE 5/6 Servers: GlassFish v3

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Sun GlassFish EnterpriseServer v3 former Sun Java System Application Server JEUS 7 (TmaxSoft)

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JBoss Application Serverv5 (RedHat)

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Apache Geronimo 2.0

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IBM WebSphere AppServerV7/Community Ed. 2

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Oracle Containers forJava EE 11

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SAP NetWeaver

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Lightweight: Apache Tomcat,Jetty

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Client-side web programmingTwo independent parts Client-side Markup languages HTML, XHTML, XML, XML based languages etc. Client-side programming JavaScript, VBScript etc.

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Markup languages HTML(3.2, 4.0, upcoming HTML 5.0)

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CSS 1, 2and CSS 2.1

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XML DTD

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XSLT

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Schema

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MathML Validation tools(online, offline, integrated)

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Client-side programming Client-sidescripting is the web application that is executed on the client-side normally using the web browser

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Dynamic HTML ( DHTML ) for scripted web pages Written by client-side scripting languages like JavaScript and VBScript. XML Programming tools like XSLT, Xpath, DOM, E4X etc.

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Web standars TheWorld Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

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http://www.w3.org/

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main international standardizationorganization for the World Wide Web (WWW or W3).

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W3C process WorkingDraft (WD)

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Last Call WorkingDraft

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Candidate Recommendation (CR)

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Proposed Recommendation (PR)

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W3C Recommendation (REC)Note! W3C leaves it up to manufacturers to follow the Recommendations

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Defines levels ofconformance if software is W3C-compliant

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The Most Importantstandards from W3C http://www.w3.org/standards/

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HTML (including XHTML1.0/1.0), CSS

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XML XML, XQuery,XML Schema, XSLT, EXI

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http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/xml Services, ArchitechtureHTTP, XML, SOAP, WSDL, SPARQL

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Standards continues SemanticWeb " Web of Linked Data "

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RDF, SPARQL, OWLWeb of Devices: Multimodal access, mobile Web and Voice Browsing One Web Vision

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Techs: CSS Mobile,XHTML for mobile, EMMA, InkML, VoiceXML, PLS, Speech Interface Framework

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Web Services Webservices for other applications SOAP – RPC, remote Procedure Call interface

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WSDL – descriptionof the service

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UDDI - Generalservice register Web Services Amazon Web Services

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Google Web Services

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Using standardized XMLtechniques/protocols

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REST as aweb service Web Services API

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Supports XML dataand HTTP protocol

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A RESTful webservice (also called a RESTful web API) is a simple web service implemented using HTTP and the principles of REST

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Simpler to implementthan SOAP/WSDL Facebook has REST API

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RESTful web ServiceRESTful web service: The base URI for the web service

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The MIME typeof the data supported by the web service (JSON, XML, YAML etc.)

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The set ofoperations supported by the web service using HTTP methods (e.g., POST, GET, PUT or DELETE).

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Future of theWeb? "One Web Vision"?

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Watch the talkfrom Kevin Kelly on the next 5,000 days of the web http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_kelly_on_the_next_5_000_days_of_the_web.html

Web Server-Side Programming Techniques

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