The Not Java That's Not Scala

The Not Java That's Not Scala: Alternatives for EE Development Justin Lee, Oracle | Copyright © 2011, Oracle and/or it’s affiliates. All rights Insert Information Protection Policy Classification from Slide 8 reserved. | Wednesday, October 5, 11

Introduction  Who am I?  Using Java since 1996  GlassFish and Grizzly team member  websockets  Basement Coder  Used various languages over the years  python, c, c++, scala, ... Wednesday, October 5, 11

Introduction  Who am I not?  A Scala hater  A language geek  Compiler jockey Wednesday, October 5, 11

Why Not Java?  Java is 15+ years old now  Long time since the last release  Pace of change is geological  Verbosity  The shine has worn off  It's not cool!  It's “enterprisey”  it doesn't have my favorite feature! Wednesday, October 5, 11

Why Not Scala?  Lots of advanced features that are not readily accessible to “Average Joes”  “Academics are driving the bus” - James Gosling  Complexity - real and perceived  new fangled features  esoteric features  rampant feature abuse: trait **->**->** {implicit def **->**- >**[A, F[_, _], B](a: F[A, B]): *->*->*[A, F, B] = new *->*- >*[A, F, B] {val value = a}} Wednesday, October 5, 11

So What's Missing?  Closures  Syntax Cleanups  Succinctness  Typing/Inference  Generics  Concurrency Wednesday, October 5, 11

So What's Missing?  Functional programming  Mutability  Null Handling  Extendability  Extension methods  Mixins  Modularity Wednesday, October 5, 11

So … what would you suggest?  Suggest is a strong word but...  Fantom  Gosu  New to me, too, to one degree or another Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom (Formerly known as Fan)  http://fantom.org  Familiar Syntax  Functional  Static and Dynamic Typing  “Modern” concurrency facilities  Portable  compile to JavaScript and SWT both Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom - Portability  Fcode  JVM (of course)  .Net (partial)  JavaScript Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom  Literals  maps: [1:"one", 2:"two"] , empty [:]  lists: [0, 1, 2], empty [,]  URIs: `/dir/file.txt`  Types: Int#  Slots: Int#plus Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom public class Person { private String name; private int age; public Person(String s, int x) { name = s; age = x; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String x) { name = x; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int x) { checkAge(age); age = x; } int yearsToRetirement(int retire) { return (retire == -1 ? 65 : retire) - age } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom class Person { Str name new make(String s, Int x) { name = s; age = x; } Int age { set { checkAge(it); &age = it } Int yearsToRetirement(Int retire := 65) { return retire - age } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom Inheritance and Mixins: class Foo { class Bob : Foo, Bar { virtual Void bar() { echo("foo") } override baz := 10 } override Void bar() { echo("bob") } mixin Bar { } abstract Int baz Void yep(Int x) { baz = x } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom Closures ["red", "yellow", "orange"].each |Str color| { echo(color) } 10.times |Int i| { echo(i) } 10.times |i| { echo(i) } 10.times { echo(it) } files = files.sort |a, b| { a.modified <=> b.modified } Functions add := |Int a, Int b->Int| { return a + b } nine := add(4, 5) Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom Dynamic typing obj->foo // obj.trap("foo", [,]) Nullable Types Str // never stores null Str? // might store null Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom Immutability const class Point{ new make(Int x, Int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y } const Int x const Int y } const static Point origin := Point(0, 0) stooges := [“Moe”,”Larry”,”Curly”].toImmutable Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom Concurrency // spawn actor which aynchronously increments an Int msg actor := Actor(group) |Int msg->Int| { msg + 1 } // send some messages to the actor and block for result 5.times echo(actor.send(it).get) Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom Standard Libraries // get file over HTTP WebClient(`http://fantom.org`).getStr // get tomorrow's date Date.today + 1day // date literals // compute HTTP Basic auth string res.headers["Authorization"] = "Basic " + "$user:$pass".toBuf.toBase64 Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom Modularity and Meta-Programming // find pods available for installation in project "Cool Proj" repo := Repo.makeForUri(`http://my-fantom-repo/`) pods := repo.query(Str<|"* proj.name=="Cool Proj"|>) pods.each |p| { echo("$p.name $p.version $p.depends") } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom Modularity and Meta-Programming // find all types installed in system which subclass Widget Pod.list.each |pod| { pod.types.each |type| { if (type.fits(Widget#)) echo(type.qname) } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom DSLs  embed other languages in your fantom code  similar to CDATA sections in XML  AnchorType <|...|>  echo(Str <|now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.|>)  Regex <|^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}$|> Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom class RegexDslPlugin : DslPlugin { new make(Compiler c) : super(c) {} override Expr compile(DslExpr dsl) { regexType := ns.resolveType("sys::Regex") fromStr := regexType.method("fromStr") args := [Expr.makeForLiteral(dsl.loc, ns, dsl.src)] return CallExpr.makeWithMethod(dsl.loc, null, fromStr, args) } } // register in indexed props in build script index = ["compiler.dsl.sys::Regex": "compiler::RegexDslPlugin"] Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom - Portability @Js class Demo { Void main() { // dumps to your browser's JS console 10.times |x| { echo("x: $x") } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom - Tales @Js class ClickClickJs { class Routes{ Void main() { Route[] routes := Route[ Route{map="/clickclick"; Jq.ready { to="ClickClick";} Jq("#click").click|cur, event| { ] Win.cur.alert("Click Click") } event.preventDefault } } } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom - Draft const class MyMod : DraftMod { new make() { pubDir = `...`.toFile router = Router { routes = [ Route("/", "GET", #index), Route("/echo/{name}/{age}", "GET", #echo) ] } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom - Draft Void index() { res.headers["Content-Type"] = "text/plain" res.out.printLine("Hi there!") } Void echo(Str:Str args) { name := args["name"] age := args["age"].toInt res.headers["Content-Type"] = "text/plain" res.out.printLine("Hi $name, you are $age years old!") } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Fantom - Resources  http://fantom.org #fantom on irc.freenode.net  http://www.talesframework.org/  Draft Mini Web Framework https://bitbucket.org/ afrankvt/draft/wiki/Home  http://spectreframework.org/  Twitter  @afrankvt  @briansfrank Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu  http://gosu-lang.org  Again, familiar syntax  Statically typed  Enhancements  Closures  Simplified generics  Open Type System Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu  == Object equality  === Instance equality  >, <, etc. works with java.lang.Comparable  Standard logical operators  Null Safety print( x?.length ) // prints "null"  var zeroToTenInclusive = 0..10 Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu - Properties! public class MyJavaPersonClass { String _name; var p = new MyJavaPersonClass() public String getName() { p.Name = "Joe" return _name; print( "The name of this person is ${p.Name}") } public void setName(String s) { _name = s; } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu uses java.util.List class SampleClass { var _names : List<String> // a private class variable, which is a list of Strings construct( names : List<String> ) { _names = names } function printNames( prefix : String ) { for( n in _names ) { print( prefix + n ) } } property get Names() : List<String> { return _names } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu var c = new SampleClass({"joe", "john", "jack"}) c.printNames("* ") * joe * john * jack print( c.Names ) [joe, john, jack] Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu uses java.util.List class SampleClass { var _names : List<String> construct( names : List<String> ) { _names = names } function printNames( prefix : String ) { for( n in _names ) { print( prefix + n ) } } property get Names() : List<String> { return _names } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu uses java.util.List class SampleClass { var _names : List<String> as Names construct( names : List<String> ) { _names = names } function printNames( prefix : String ) { for( n in _names ) { print( prefix + n ) } } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu uses java.util.List class SampleClass { var _names : List<String> as readonly Names construct( names : List<String> ) { _names = names } function printNames( prefix : String) { for( n in _names ) { print( prefix + n ) } } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu uses java.util.List class SampleClass { var _names : List<String> as readonly Names construct( names : List<String> ) { _names = names } function printNames( prefix : String = "> ") { for( n in _names ) { print( prefix + n ) } } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu class MyRunnable implements Runnable { delegate _runnable represents Runnable construct() { _runnable = new Runnable() { override function run() { print("Hello, Delegation") } } } property get Impl() : Runnable { return _runnable } property set Impl( r : Runnable ) { _runnable = r } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu class MyRunnable implements Runnable { delegate _runnable represents Runnable construct() { _runnable = new Runnable() { override function run() { print("Hello, Delegation") } } } property get Impl() : Runnable { return _runnable } property set Impl( r : Runnable ) { _runnable = r } } var x = new MyRunnable() x.Impl = new Runnable() { override function run() { print("Hello, Delegation 2") } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu - Donkey Patching Extensions enhancement MyStringEnhancement : String { function printMe() { print( this ) } } "Hello Enhancements".printMe() Enhancements are statically dispatched which means they cannot be used to implement interfaces or to achieve polymorphism Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Enhancements  String: rightPad(), leftPad(), center(), toDate(), toBoolean()  File: read(), write(), eachLine() Closures (Blocks) var listOfStrings = {"This", "is", "a", "list"} var longStrings = listOfStrings.where( s -> s.length>2) print( longStrings.join(", ") ) var r : Runnable r = -> print("This block was converted to a Runnable") Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Now for the fun part. Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Now for the fun part. XML marshalling! Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Now for the fun part. XML marshalling! JAXB is “great” and all but it can be … painful. Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Now for the fun part. XML marshalling! JAXB is “great” and all but it can be … painful. Gosu has great alternative. Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Now for the fun part. XML marshalling! JAXB is “great” and all but it can be … painful. Gosu has great alternative. But first <shudder/> an XSD... Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu <?xml version="1.0"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <xs:element name="Person"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="age" type="xs:int"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema> Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu var bob = new myapp.example.Person() bob.Age = 32 bob.Firstname = "Bob" bob.Lastname = "Loblaw" bob.print() Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu var bob = new myapp.example.Person() bob.Age = 32 bob.Firstname = "Bob" bob.Lastname = "Loblaw" bob.print() What about WSDL? Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu var bob = new myapp.example.Person() bob.Age = 32 bob.Firstname = "Bob" bob.Lastname = "Loblaw" bob.print() // weather.wsdl var x = new myapp.weather() var forecast = x.GetCityForecastByZIP("95816") print( forecast.ForecastResult.Forecast.map( f -> f.Description ).join("n") ) Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Feature Literals var sub = String#substring(int) // class reference print( sub.invoke( "Now is the time for all good men", 2 ) ) // instance reference var sub = "Now is the time for all good men"#substring(int) print( sub.invoke( 2 ) ) Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Feature Literals var sub = String#substring(int) // class reference print( sub.invoke( "Now is the time for all good men", 2 ) ) // instance reference var sub = "Now is the time for all good men"#substring(2) print( sub.invoke() ) Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu Feature Literals var sub = String#substring(int) // class reference print( sub.invoke( "Now is the time for all good men", 2 ) ) // instance reference var sub = "Now is the time for all good men"#substring(2) print( sub.invoke() ) var component = new Component(foo#Bar#Bob) Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu - Ronin <%@ extends ronin.RoninTemplate %> <%@ params(name : String) %> <html> <body> Hello ${name}! </body> </html> Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu - Ronin package controller uses ronin.* class Main extends RoninController { function hello(name : String) { view.Hello.render(writer, name) } } Wednesday, October 5, 11

Gosu  http://www.gosu-lang.org  Web framework http://ronin-web.org/  ORM: http://ronin-web.org/Tosa.html  Build tool: Aardvark http://vark.github.com/  JVM Language Summit: http://medianetwork.oracle.com/ media/show/17005  Twitter: @carson_gross  IRC: #gosulang @ irc.freenode.net Wednesday, October 5, 11

Justin Lee, Oracle http://antwerkz.com @evanchooly http://github.com/evanchooly http://www.basementcoders.com | Copyright © 2011, Oracle and/or it’s affiliates. All rights Insert Information Protection Policy Classification from Slide 8 reserved. | Wednesday, October 5, 11

The Not Java That's Not Scala

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