Spring MVC framework

Mohit Gupta Spring MVC Framework

1. Framework 2. OOPS Concepts 3. Spring 4. JSP & Servlets 5. Loggers 6. ANT Tool 7. Web Services Agenda 2 August 1, 2016

It is an essential supporting structure of a building, vehicle, enterprise a or object. In software, framework is used to construct applications which basically are integrated With each other What is a Framework ? A software framework is a re-usable design for a software system.

Need of framework Hotel Guest Hotel Owner Hotel Without Framework With Framework Hotel Owner

August 1, 2016 5 OOP Concepts since JAVA is a OOP Language

August 1, 2016 7 Platform Independence

• The Spring Framework is an open source application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform. • The framework's core features can be used by any Java application • Philosophy: “Lightweight Container” concept Spring Overview

• Lightweight Frameworks simplify application development • By removing re-occurring pattern code • Productivity friendly • Unit test friendly • Very pluggable • Usually open source • Examples: • Spring, Pico • Hibernate, IBatis What are Lightweight Frameworks?

Spring 3.0 MVC- Basic Architecture Dispacth erServlet (Front controller) HandlerMapping (Map of URL and controllers) Controller (Responsibl e to handle request) View (JSP, XML, Velocity) Model (POJO Beans) Request 1 5 4 3 2

August 1, 2016 12 Flow diagram Spring framework

This framework has very loosely coupled components which are widely reusable and are packaged separately. Overview of the Spring Framework

The Spring Framework can be considered as a collection of frameworks- in-the-framework: 1. Core - Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection 2. AOP - Aspect-oriented programming 3. DAO - Data Access Object support, transaction management, JDBC- abstraction 4. ORM - Object Relational Mapping technique for converting data b/w incompatible type system in OOP language. 5. MVC - Model-View-Controller implementation for web-applications 6. Remote Access, Authentication and Authorization, Remote Management, Messaging Framework, Web Services, Email, Testing, … Modules of the Spring Framework

• Basic JavaBean pattern: • include a “getter” and “setter” method for each field: • Rather than locating needed resources, application components provide getter & setter methods through which resources are passed in during initialization • In Spring Framework, this pattern is used extensively, and initialization is usually done through configuration file(web.xml) rather than application code Bean class MyBean { private int counter; public int getCounter() { return counter; } public void setCounter(int counter) { this.counter = counter; } }

• package player; public class PersonBean implements java.io.Serializable { private String name = null; private boolean deceased = false; public PersonBean() { } /* Getter for property */ public String getName() { return name; } /** * Setter for property */ public void setName(final String value) { name = value; } / * Getter for property "deceased"*/ public boolean isDeceased() { return deceased; } / * Setter for property */ public void setDeceased(final boolean value) { deceased = value; } } Example of BEAN Class

August 1, 2016 17 Bean Autowiring feature of spring framework enables you to inject the object dependency implicitly. It internally uses setter or constructor injection. @Bean @Bean is a method-level annotation and a direct analog of the XML <bean/> element. The annotation supports most of the attributes offered by <bean/> such as init- method, destroy-method, autowiring. @Configuration public class AppConfig { @Bean publicTransferService transferService() { return new TransferServiceImpl(); } } The above is exactly equivalent to thefollowing appConfig.xml: <beans><bean name="transferService" class="com.acme.TransferServiceImpl"/> </beans>

• Based on “Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern” Spring Provides centralized, automated configuration, managing and wiring of application Java objects. • Container responsibilities: 1. creating objects, 2. configuring objects, 3. calling initialization methods 4. passing objects to registered callback objects 5. etc • All together form the object lifecycle which is one of the most important features Dependency Injection -Inversion of Control (IoC)

Dependency Injection-Container resolves (injects) dependencies of components by setting implementation object during runtime Draw() Triangle During Implementation Circle

• Beans define their dependencies through constructor arguments or properties • Container resolves (injects) dependencies of components by setting implementation object during the runtime • BeanFactory interface – It is the core that loads bean definitions and manages beans • Most commonly used implementation is the XmlBeanFactory class • It allows you to express the objects that compose application, and the interdependencies between such objects, in terms of XML • The XmlBeanFactory takes this XML configuration metadata and uses it to create a fully configured system Dependency Injection - IoC

• Spring address solutions to major J2EE problem areas: • Web application development (MVC) • Enterprise Java Beans (EJB, JNDI)  Annotations+ POJO • Database access (JDBC,ORM) • Transaction management ( Hibernate, JDBC) • Remote access (Web Services, RMI) Spring Solutions

Creating Spring MVC Application

Servlet Contai ner August 1, 2016 24

• log4j is a reliable, fast and flexible logging framework (APIs) written in Java, which is distributed under the Apache Software License. • log4j has three main components: 1. loggers: Responsible for capturing logging information. 2. appenders: Responsible for publishing logging information to various preferred destinations. 3. layouts: Responsible for formatting logging information in different styles. August 1, 2016 27 Logging in Java

August 1, 2016 28 Logging Levels Level Description ALL All levels including custom levels. DEBUG Designates fine-grained informational events that are most useful to debug an application. ERROR Designates error events that might still allow the application to continue running. FATAL Designates very severe error events that will presumably lead the application to abort. INFO Designates informational messages that highlight the progress of the application at coarse-grained level. OFF The highest possible rank and is intended to turn off logging. TRACE Designates finer-grained informational events than the DEBUG. WARN Designates potentially harmful situations.

• All the possible options are: 1. DateLayout 2. HTMLLayout 3. PatternLayout 4. SimpleLayout 5. XMLLayout • Using HTMLLayout and XMLLayout, you can generate log in HTML and in XML format as well. August 1, 2016 30 Types of Layouts

• ANT stands for Another Neat Tool. It is a Java-based build tool from Apache. • Need for a Build Tool (DEV OPS) • On an average, a developer spends a substantial amount of time doing mundane tasks like build and deployment that include: • Compiling the code • Packaging the binaries • Deploying the binaries to the test server Testing the changes • Copying the code from one location to another • To automate and simplify the above tasks, Apache Ant is useful. It is an Operating System build and deployment tool that can be executed from the command line. August 1, 2016 31 ANT-Build Tool

August 1, 2016 32 What is the use of the build.xml file? The build.xml file is an Ant script that is created by the Plug-in Development Environment (PDE) to take your plug-in components and combine them into a deployable format. This file compiles and archives your plug-in source code into a single JAR file. The build.properties file controls what goes into your plug-in distribution. The build.xml file can be created by using the context menu on plugin.xml and selecting PDE Tools > Create Ant Build File. Ant build files are low-level mechanisms to package up plug-ins. A much easier way to share and deploy plug-ins is to create a feature for your plug-in and then an update site.

• The build path is used for building your application. It contains all of your source files and all Java libraries that are required to compile the application. • The classpath is used for executing the application. This includes all java classes and libraries that are needed to run the java application. A Classpath is mandatory, the default path is . which is used if the java virtual machine can't find a user defined path. August 1, 2016 33 Build path vs Class Path

 JAR EJB modules which contains enterprise java beans class files and EJB deployment descriptor are packed as JAR files with .jar extenstion  WAR Web modules which contains Servlet class files,JSP FIles,supporting files, GIF and HTML files are packaged as JAR file with .war( web achive) extension  EAR All above files(.jar and .war) are packaged as JAR file with .ear ( enterprise archive) extension and deployed into Application Server. August 1, 2016 34 What is the difference between EAR, JAR and WAR file

August 1, 2016 36 Web service is a technology to communicate one programming language with another. For example, java programming language can interact with PHP and .Net by using web services. In other words, web service provides a way to achieve interoperability. SOAP & REST Webservices WEB SERVICES

• Controller is separated from Model • View is separated from Model (View can be seen on any type of UI-Mobile ,desktop etc) • View is separated from Controller • There are different types of MVC Frameworks • Each is used as per unique requirement • Popular:-Spring,Struts,Hibernate,JSF August 1, 2016 37 Advantages Of MVC Framework

• Enable you to write powerful, scalable applications using POJOs • Lifecycle – responsible for managing all your application components, particularly those in the middle tier container sees components through well-defined lifecycle: init(), destroy() • Dependencies - Spring handles injecting dependent components without a component knowing where they came from (IoC) • Configuration information - Spring provides one consistent way of configuring everything, separate configuration from application logic, varying configuration • In J2EE (e.g. EJB) it is easy to become dependent on container and deployment environment; Spring eliminates them • Portable (can use server-side in web/ejb app, client-side in swing app, business logic is completely portable) Advantages of Spring Architecture

Spring MVC framework

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