Oracle 19c initialization parameters

Oracle 19c initializationparameters NAME DEFAULT VALUE DESCRIPTION DBFIPS_14 0 FALSE EnablesTransparentDataEncryption(TDE) and DBMS_CRYPTO PL/SQLpackage program unitstorun in a mode complianttothe Federal InformationProcessing Standard("FIPS");thismeansthat onlyFIPS-compliantalgorithmsmaybe used. active_inst ance_coun t Onlyfor2-node RAC,designatesone instance asthe Primaryandthe otheras Standby. adg_accou nt_info_tr acking LOCAL Whensetto GLOBAL, preventsloginattacksacrossall nodesina RAC by maintainingaglobal countof failedloginattempts. adg_redire ct_dml FALSE DML (insert/update/delete) operationsperformedonStandbyDatabase are redirectedtoexecute on PrimaryDatabase. allow_glob al_dblinks FALSE Allow LDAPlookupforDBLINKS. allow_gro up_access _to_sga FALSE Notrecommendedtochange,onlyforLinux,allowsmembersof OSDBA group withreadaccess to SGA. allow_rowi d_column _type FALSE OnlyforOracle AutonomousDatabase inExadatainfrastructure,allowscolumn creationof rowid data type.Itis allowedinall otherOracle database types. approx_for _aggregati on FALSE Onlywhere atolerable amountof errorisacceptable,notforreal-time ormission- critical systems.Replacesexactaggregationwithapproximateaggregation for betterperformance usinglessmemoryandtime. approx_for _count_dis tinct FALSE Onlywhere atolerable amountof errorisacceptable,notforreal-time ormission- critical systems. Replacesexactcountdistinctwithapproximate countdistinctfor betterperformance usinglessmemoryandtime. approx_for _percentil e NONE Onlywhere atolerable amountof errorisacceptable,notforreal-time ormission- critical systems. Replacesexactpercentile_*withapproximate percentile for betterperformance usinglessmemoryandtime. aq_tm_pr ocesses 1 Do not modify archive_la g_target 0 Maximumnumberof secondsof redosthe data-lossstandbycouldlose.The recommended valueis1800 (30 minutes) soif there are irregularitiesinredo generationspeedatleastthistime range iscovered.Valuessmallerthan900 (15 minutes) affectperformance andmustbe avoided.The defaultvalueof 0 means the archivelogsize determines how oftenthe standbywill be updated(itmust happennomore than 4 timesperhourat peakDML load) andisusedto avoid error messagesindicating“checkpointnotcomplete”,butthere mustbe enough bandwidthtotransferthe size of those archives. asm_diskst ring Operatingsystem location ASMdisk discoverystring. asm_prefe rred_read _failure_gr oups Deprecated,use PREFERRED_READ.ENABLEDdiskgroupattribute. audit_file_ dest %ORACLE_BASE% admin%ORACLE_S ID%adumpPDBG UID Operatingsystemdirectoryinwhichauditingfilesare toreside whenAUDIT_TRAIL isset to: os,xml,xml,extended.Hasnoeffectif UnifiedAuditingisenabled.

%ORACLE_HOME% rdbmsauditPDB GUID audit_sys_ operations TRUE Enable auditingof SQLoperationsfromSYSASM,SYSBACKUP,SYSDBA,SYSDG, SYSKM, SYSOPERor DBMS_SYS_SQL. Has no effectif UnifiedAuditingisenabled. audit_trail none Has no effectif UnifiedAuditingisenabled;none –disabled;os – loggedtoan operatingsystemfileforultra-securedatabases;db – loggedinSYS.AUD$ table for general databasesandmanageability;db,extended –similartodb butincludes additional information;xml –loggedtoan operatingsystemfileinxml format; xml,extended –similartoxml butincludesadditionalinformation. autotask_ max_activ e_pdbs 2 Max numberof PDBs that can schedule automatedmaintenance tasksatthe same time,excludingthe CDB. awr_pdb_ autoflush_ enabled FALSE EnablesAWRsnapshotsindividuallyperPDB. awr_pdb_ max_parall el_slaves 10 Degree of parallelismwhencreatingAWRsnapshotsperPDB,shouldbe close to the numberof PDBs that run theirAWRsnapshotsat the same time. awr_snaps hot_time_ offset Create the AWR snapshotat a differentnumberof secondsinsteadof the topof the hour to avoidconcurrentresource usage.Setitto 1000000 to enable automaticmode inverylarge numberof databases. backgroun d_core_du mp partial Setto “full”to dumpSGA information. backgroun d_dump_d est ?#RDBMSTRACE Deprecated,use DIAGNOSTIC_DEST. backup_ta pe_io_slav es FALSE Enable to performduplexedbackups,copiesandrestorestotape.Mustnot be changedif your tape vendordoesn’tsupportit. bitmap_m erge_area _size 1048576 (1 MB) Maximummemoryallowedforbitmapindex mergefromrange scans,donot change unlessthe sharedserveroptionisenabled,andyouuse extensivelybitmap indexes. blank_trim ming FALSE Trimsblankspacesat the endof a stringwhenthe destinationissmaller. buffer_po ol_keep NONE Deprecated,use DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE. buffer_po ol_recycle NONE Deprecated,use DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE. cdb_cluste r FALSE Enable forCDB clusters,incompatible withCLUSTER_DATABASEparameter(RAC). cdb_cluste r_name NONE CDB clustername. cell_offloa d_compac tion ADAPTIVE Do not change. cell_offloa d_decrypti on TRUE Do not change.

cell_offloa d_paramet ers NONE Do not change. cell_offloa d_plan_dis play AUTO Do not change. cell_offloa d_processi ng TRUE Do not change. cell_offloa dgroup_na me Do not change. circuits 4294967295 Do not change. client_resu lt_cache_l ag 3000 MillisecondswhenOracle Call Interface programsmake anew call to the database to detectchangesforcached queries. client_resu lt_cache_s ize 0 Recommendedtochange the clientOCI_RESULT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE parameter. client_stati stics_level TYPICAL Do not change. clonedb FALSE OnlyforDirect NFSClientcloneddatabasesonNAStouse the database backupas the backingstore for the datafiles. clonedb_di r %ORACLE_HOME% dbs Path where cloneddatabase files shouldbe createdandaccessed. cluster_da tabase FALSE OnlyforRAC. cluster_da tabase_ins tances 0 Deprecated. cluster_int erconnects NONE InterconnectsforRAC performance improve,disablingHA. commit_lo gging IMMEDIATE Change to BATCH whenthere are multipleparallel small transactions,increasing performance since lessredodataislogged. commit_p oint_stren gth 1 Increase thisnumberinthe node youwantto be the commitpointindistributed systems(typicallythe mainframe). commit_w ait WAIT Change to FORCE_WAITto preventsessionandtransactionlevel fromchangingit. Notrecommendedtosetto NOWAIT,butuseful whenthere are multiple parallel small transactions,increasingperformance since commitsdon’twaitforthe log writer(lesscommitwaits) butviolatingDurabilityinACID. commit_w rite Deprecated,use COMMIT_LOGGING andCOMMIT_WAIT. common_ user_prefi x NONE Notrecommendedtobe changed. compatibl e 19.0.0 KeepCOMPATIBLEunchangedafterupgrade until fullytested(disable newer features),thenupdate ittotake advantage of the new featuresandforthe database to write newerdiskformatsandstructures.Itcan neverbe decreasedto a lowerversion,shouldnotbe changedtoa RU or RUR (i.e.19.6.0 shouldnotbe used,use 19.0.0), and mustbe at leastthree decimal numbersseparatedbyadot.

connectio n_brokers ((TYPE=DEDICATED )(BROKERS=1)),((TY PE=EMON)(BROKE RS=1)) Allowsincreasingthe numberof connectionbrokersof eachtype andthe maximumnumberof connectionsperbroker.Canbe changedtoPOOLED to enable DRCPandreduce memoryusage butyouwill nolongerbe able to: shut downdatabase,stopdatabase connectionpool,change passwordof connected users,use shareddatabase linkstoconnectto a DRCP,use ASO (encryption, certificates),anduse migratable sessionsonthe serverside (OCI_MIGRATE, OCIConnetionPool). containers _parallel_ degree 65535 To limitparallelisminaCONTAINERS()clause,minimumvalue is2. control_fil e_record_ keep_time 7 Usedfor RMAN recordsin the control file.Specifiesthe minimumnumberof days to keepa circularreuse record.Must neverbe 0, mustbe greaterthanthe oldest file youmustkeepaccordingtoyour backupschedule,andyoumustmonitorthe alertlogto ensure they’re notbeingoverwrittenearlierthanyourspecification.If storedinthe FRA, use a largerblocksize like 32KB,make the SYSTEMtablespace blocksize equal orlargerto it, andchange DB_BLOCK_SIZE. It isrecommendedto use a recoverycataloginsteadof the control file. control_fil es ?=DATABASECTL 1%ORACLE_SID%.O RA From 1 to 8 control file names, separatedbycommas,soitisstoredin multiple devicesforrecoverability. control_m anagemen t_pack_ac cess DIAGNOSTIC+TUNI NG DIAGNOSTICforAWR, ADDM, etc.TUNING forSQL TuningAdvisor,SQLAccess Advisor,etc.NONEtodisable all.If enabled,requiresalicense andEnterprise Edition. core_dum p_dest ?#RDBMSTRACE Deprecated. cpu_count 0 Maximumnumberof CPU threadsto use for the Optimizer,ParallelQueryand Resource Manager.Leave at 0 forautomaticdetection.The CPU_COUNTis used for calculatinglicense fees.The sumof CPU_COUNTfrom all databasescan be greaterthan the total numberof CPU threadsin the serverallowingidle threadsto be usedby otherdatabases. cpu_min_c ount 0 For Multitenant(PDB),minimumnumberof CPUthreadsto use.Can be specified inmultiplesof 0.05,and thisis the guaranteednumberof CPUthreadsunderhigh load.The sum of CPU_MIN_COUNT from all databasesmustnotbe greaterthan the total numberof CPU threadsinthe server. create_bit map_area _size 8388608 Deprecated. create_sto red_outlin es 0 Deprecated. cursor_bin d_capture _destinati on memory+disk Do not change. cursor_inv alidation IMMEDIATE Can be changedto “DEFERRED” so a DDL doesn’tinvalidatedependentcursors immediately. cursor_sha ring EXACT Do not change. cursor_spa ce_for_tim e FALSE Deprecated.

data_guar d_max_io_ time 240 Data Guard only,numberof seconds before aprocessisconsideredhungfor read/write/statusoperations. data_guar d_max_lon gio_time 240 Data Guard only,numberof secondsbefore aprocessisconsideredhungfor open/close operations. data_guar d_sync_lat ency 0 Data Guard only,numberof secondstowait afterthe firstSYNCACK before disconnectingthe remainingstandbysif noACKisreceivedfromthem. data_trans fer_cache_ size 0 Onlywhen:Data Guard,SGA_TARGET specified,withoutAMM,andfor RMAN RECOVERNONLOGGED BLOCK.Size inbytes of the data transfercache to receive data blocks. db_nk_cac he_size 0 N=2,4,8,16,32. Specifiesbuffercache size forblocksotherthanthe DB_BLOCK_SIZE,must notbe 0 if there are any online tablespaceswithannK blocksize,andmustonlybe set within the OSminand max blocksizes.Mandatory whenplugginginadatabase withdifferentDB_BLOCK_SIZE. db_big_ta ble_cache _percent_t arget 0 For large table scans,percentage of buffercache reservedforbigtables,max 90%, cachedtablesare basedontemperature andobject-basedalgorithms. PARALLEL_DEGREE_POLICY mustbe AUTO or ADAPTIVE.Canbe dynamically changedif the workloadchanges. db_block_ buffers 0 Deprecated,use DB_CACHE_SIZEinstead. db_block_ checking FALSE Checksforcorruption.OFF:no block checkinginusertablespaces;LOW:basic blockheaderchecksafterblockcontentschange inmemory;MEDIUM: full semanticchecksforall objectsexceptindexes;FULL:all objects.Cancause upto 10% overheadinmostapplications,butgreaterinhighinsert/update workloads(6 timesslower). db_block_ checksum TYPICAL Checksforcorruption.OFF:no checksuminusertablespacesandnolog;TYPICAL: calculate checksumandstore inthe cache headeron blockwrites;FULL:verifies checksumbefore achange and recomputesafteritisapplied(in-memory),and giveseverylogblockachecksum.Cancause upto 10% overheadinmost applications,butgreaterinhighinsert/updateworkloads(6timesslower). db_block_ size 8192 Database bytesblocksize,8Kfor OLTP (single recordsretrievedfasterwithless memory,greaterconcurrency,andlesslogfile generationrates),16Ko 32K for OLAPand DSS, butdependingonOSlimitationandknownbugs.Mustbe a multiple of the physical blocksize atthe device level.2K:max 8GB datafiles;4K: max 16GB datafiles;8K:max 32GB datafiles;16K:max 64GB datafiles;32K:max 128GB datafiles. db_cache_ advice OFF Enable to getrecommendationsonpropercache size (databuffercache hitratio), note it allocatesmemorytoprovide the recommendationsandthere isaCPU overhead.There maybe nobenefitinOLAPsystems. db_cache_ size 0 Size of DEFAULT bufferpool forstandardblocksize buffers.Mustbe setto the amountof RAMthat maximizesdatabuffercache hitratio,thus minimizingdisk I/O.Must not be greaterthan thisbecause of the overheaditcauseswith invalidationsandcross-instance calls.Mustnotbe lowerthan48 MB or 4*number of CPUs.In PDBsmust be lowerthan50% of the containerdatabase RAM. db_create _file_dest NONE Defaultdatabase datafiles location. db_create _online_lo g_dest_n NONE N=1,2,3,4,5. Defaultlocationof control file andredologfiles.Upto 5 multiplexed locationsforfaulttolerance. db_domai n Providesadomainfordistributeddatabase systems.

db_file_m ultiblock_r ead_count 0 Max numberof blocksread inone I/Ooperation,dependsonthe max I/Osize that can be efficientlyperformedandisplatformdependent,1MB inmost platforms. Givesa benefitlike havingalarge DB_BLOCK_SIZE.Whenthere isa large number of sessions,decrease thisvalue toavoidthe buffercache gettingfloodedwithtoo manytable scan buffers.Typical valuesforOLTPare between4and16, for OLAP and DSS requiresahighervalue tochoose afull table scanoveran index. db_file_na me_conve rt Usedto convertdatafile namesfromaprimarydatabase to a standby/cloneusing patternand stringpairs. db_files 200 Max numberof alloweddatabase files. db_flash_c ache_file NONE Linux only, flashcache file fordefault blocksize. db_flash_c ache_size 0 Linux only, flashcache size fordb_flash_cache_file. db_flashba ck_retenti on_target 1440 Maximumnumberof minuteslogisretainedfromFRA to FlashbackDatabase. db_index_ compressi on_inherit ance NONE Compression inheritance whennotspecifiedatindex creation,TABLESPACE: tablespace;TABLE:table;ALL:table or tablespace. db_keep_c ache_size 0 Size of KEEP bufferpool for frequentlyaccessedobjectswithatypicalaccess patterns.IdentifiedfromV$BHand V$DB_CACHE_ADVICE. db_lost_w rite_prote ct NONE Enable lostwrite detection fordisksthatissue false“acks”,usedfortemporary diagnosticsandintermittenthardware problems,note thismake the updatesrun far slower. db_name NONE Database name,max 8 chars. db_perfor mance_pr ofile Name of an existingdatabase resource usage plantoapply. db_recove ry_file_des t NONE Defaultlocation forthe FRA database recoveryfiles:control files,onlineredologs, archivedredologs,flashbacklogsandRMAN backups. db_recove ry_file_des t_size 0 Limittotal space to be usedbythe FRA. Mandatorywhenyouset DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST. db_recycle _cache_siz e 0 Size of RECYCLE bufferpool for infrequentlyaccessedobjects. db_secure file PERMITTED SecureFileLOBpermits compression,deduplication,andencryption.NEVER:no optionsandfeatures;PERMITTED: permitted;PREFERRED:all LOBsare createdas SecureFilesunlessspecified;ALWAYS:always;IGNORE:ignored. db_ultra_s afe OFF Setsdefaultsforotherparametersthat control protectionlevels. DATA_ONLY:DB_BLOCK_CHECKING=MEDIUM, DB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECT=TYPICAL, DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM=FULL DATA_AND_INDEX:DB_BLOCK_CHECKING=FULL, DB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECT=TYPICAL, DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM=FULL db_unique _name NONE Globallydatabase uniquename. db_unreco verable_sc n_tracking TRUE Disable toimprove performanceof direct-pathNOLOGGING(unrecoverable) operations(insert/load).

db_writer_ processes 0 Initial numberof backgrounddatabase writerprocesses;increase whendatais modifiedheavily(high“freebufferwaits”and“write completewaits”),max 100. Can be usedevenif DISK_ASYNCH_IOisdisabled. dbwr_io_sl aves 0 Numberof slaveswhenthere isonly1DBWR process.Use on single CPUor when the platformdoesn’tsupportasyncI/O,note thisrequiresextramemory. ddl_lock_ti meout 0 Numberof secondstowaitto acquire a DDL lockbefore returninganerror. default_sh aring metadata For PDBs,NONE:no sharing;METADATA: the CDB holdsthe objectdefinitions; DATA:the CDB holdsthe objectsanddata; EXTENDED DATA:apart from the centralizeddata,eachPDBcan insertitsowndata whichisinvisible tootherPDBs. deferred_s egment_cr eation TRUE No needtochange. dg_broker _config_fil en N=1,2. Defaultpathand file name forthe data guard brokerconfiguration. dg_broker _start FALSE Change to start Data Guard broker(DMON process) automatically. diagnostic _dest ?#/log AutomaticDiagnosticRepository base directory:trace files,alertlogs,core file dumps,andincidentfiles. disable_pd b_feature 0 Disable containerfeatures. disk_async h_io TRUE Disable if the asyncI/Oimplementationisnotstable. dispatcher s For sharedserverarchitecture. (PROTOCOL = protocol)(ADDRESS = address)(DESCRIPTION = description )(DISPATCHERS = integer)(SESSIONS = integer)(CONNECTIONS = integer)(MULTIPLEX = {1 | ON | YES | TRUE | 0 | OFF | NO | FALSE | BOTH | IN | OUT}(LISTENER = tnsname)(SERVICE = service)(INDEX = integer) distributed _lock_time out 60 Seconds towait ina distributedtransaction foralock before returninganerror. dml_locks 4 * TRANSACTIONS Maximumnumberof DML locksintotal forall users,note parallel DML requires evenmore locks.Setto0 to disable enqueuesandincrease performance butyou won’tbe able to: DROPTABLE, CREATE INDEX,LOCK TABLE IN EXCLUSIVEMODE, run Enterprise Manager. dnfs_batc h_size 4096 Change to reduce the max numberof DirectNFS asyncI/O requestsqueuedper session. dst_upgra de_insert_ conv TRUE Do not change. enable_au tomatic_m aintenance _pdb TRUE Change to disable maintenance tasksinPDBs. enable_dd l_logging FALSE Change to enable DDLlogging(truncated),youcanuse DDL triggersto viewthe entire DDL statement. enable_dn fs_dispatc her FALSE Change to spawndispatcherprocessesforthe Direct NFSclient(CPU_COUNT/8).

enable_gol dengate_r eplication FALSE GoldenGate only,change toenable supplemental loggingandservices. enable_im c_with_mi ra FALSE Active Data Guard only,enablesIn-MemoryColumnStore andMulti-Instance RedoApply. enable_pl uggable_d atabase FALSE Change before creatingaCDB. enabled_P DBs_on_st andby * SpecifieswhichPDBstoreplicate ona standbydatabase. encrypt_n ew_tables paces CLOUD_ONLY CLOUD_ONLY: Oracle cloudonly;ALWAYS:always;DDL: as specifiedinthe DDL. event NONE For controllingdebugevents,includingdisablingthem. external_k eystore_cr edential_l ocation NONE TDE only,specifiesthe externalkeystore credentiallocation. fal_client NONE DataGuard only,specifiesthe networkservice name whenconnecting,to Fetch missingArchive Logs. fal_server NONE DataGuard only,specifiesthe networkservice name toconnectto,toFetch missingArchive Logs. fast_start_ io_target 0 Deprecated. fast_start_ mttr_targe t 0 Numberof secondsforMean Time To Recovery(fromasingle instance crash). fast_start_ parallel_ro llback LOW DOP whenrecoveringterminatedtransactions.LOW:2*CPU_COUNT; HIGH: 4*CPU_COUNT. file_mappi ng FALSE Deprecated. fileio_net work_ada pters List of network adapters toaccess diskstorage (file I/O). filesystemi o_options asynch Linux onlytobypassfile systemcache (lessCPU).NONE:disable directI/Oand async I/O;SETALL: enableswhere possible;DIRECTIO:enable directwhere possible;ASYNCH:enable asyncwhere possible. fixed_date NONE Do not change. forward_li stener To forwardrequeststoanotherlistener,i.e.: REMOTE_LISTENER=customer-scan FORWARD_LISTENER=oracle-cloud-scan LOCAL_LISTENER=oracle-none- gcs_server _processes 0 RAC only.Numberof Global Cache Service processes (LMSnand LMnn) forinter- instance traffic(Cache Fusion).Increase incase of “gc currentblock” waitevents. global_na mes FALSE Change to enforce database links tohave same name asremote database. global_txn _processes 1 RAC only,donotchange. hash_area _size 0 Deprecated.

heat_map OFF Enable to track read/write accessinall segmentsandblocksinDML/DDL (InformationLifecycleManagement)toage-outdatalessfrequentlyaccessed, mark as read-only,compressandmove tolower-tiertertiarystorage. hi_shared_ memory_a ddress 0 SGA startingaddress(highorder32-bitson64-bit platforms). hs_autore gister TRUE Do not change. http_proxy Do not change. ifile Use to embed additional configuration file(s),upto3 levelsof nesting. inmemory _adg_enab led TRUE Do not change. inmemory _automati c_level OFF LOW: database evictscoldsegmentsfromthe In-Memorycolumnstore under memorypressure;MEDIUM: ensuresanyhotsegmentnotpopulatedbecause of memorypressure ispopulatedfirst;OFF:whenyoudonotexpecta stable working data set,or you don’thave enoughmemorytokeepitinmemory. inmemory _clause_d efault NONE SetdefaultIn-Memory ColumnStore options fornew tables andMVs,forcing certainoptionsnotexplicitlyspecifiedwhencreatingthe object. inmemory _expressio ns_usage ENABLE DISABLE: noIM expressionspopulatedintothe columnstore,use thisvalue for Oracle Cloud;ENABLE:static and dynamicexpressionspopulatedandavailable to be usedby queries;DINAMIC_ONLY:IMfrequentlyusedexpressionsif usedwith DBMS_INMEMORY.IME_CAPTURE_EXPRESSIONS;STATIC_ONLY:enablesthe IM columnstore to cache binaryJSON columnsmore efficiently. inmemory _force DEFAULT DEFAULT: whenobjectsare specifiedasINMEMORY;OFF: noobjects populatedin memory;BASE_LEVEL:experimentwithoutpurchasingthe optionlimitedto16 GB and QUERY LOW compression;CELLMEMORY_LEVEL: onlyfor on-premiseExadata (requireslicense). inmemory _max_pop ulate_serv ers CPU_COUNT/2 or PGA_AGGREGATE_ TARGET/512M Do not change. inmemory _optimize d_arithme tic DISABLE Enable to encode NUMBER columnsasa fixed-widthnativeintegerscaledbyan exponentforfastcalculationsusingSIMDhardware,witha significant performance gainatthe costof increasedspace overhead.Onlyfortables compressedwithQUERY_LOW. inmemory _prefer_x mem_me mcompres s NONE Prefertostore In-Memorycompressed tablesin ExtendedMemory. inmemory _prefer_x mem_prio rity NONE Prefertostore In-Memoryprioritized tablesin ExtendedMemory. inmemory _query ENABLE Do not change. inmemory _size 0 Size inbytesof in-memoryarea,min100 MB, max is SGA minusotherallocations, isnot managedautomatically.Leave to0whenCELLMEMORY_LEVEL isset, otherwise itchangestoDEFAULT.

inmemory _trickle_re populate_ servers_pe rcent 1 OnlywhenINMEMORY_SIZE isset,increase toupdate more oftentrickle repopulationatthe expense of backgroundCPU. inmemory _virtual_c olumns MANUAL ENABLE: all columnsexceptwhenspecifiedotherwise;MANUAL:nocolumns exceptwhenspecifiedotherwise;DISABLE:nocolumns. inmemory _xmem_si ze 0 Size inbytesof In-Memory ExtendedMemory area. instance_a bort_delay _time 0 For debugginginstance crash,shouldnotbe greaterthan60. instance_g roups Deprecated. instance_ mode read-write READ-WRITE:regular;READ-ONLY:no writes;READ-MOSTLY:few writes. instance_n ame RAC-only,uniquelyidentifiesmultipledatabaseswithacommonservice identifier. instance_n umber 0 RAC only,mapsthe instance toone free listgroupinan ALLOCATE EXTENT statement. instance_t ype RDBMS RDBMS: database;ASM:disk/storage;ASMPROXY:hubnode communicatingwith ASM. instant_re store FALSE Change to notrestore datafilesfromthe FRA butuse themdirectly. java_jit_en abled TRUE Do not change. java_max_ sessionspa ce_size 0 Sharedserveronly,limitsmemoryinbytesforJavaprogramsexecutinginthe server. java_pool_ size 25165824 LimitmemoryinbytesforJava classrepresentations. java_restri ct none To restrictJava VM access to filesandpackagesoutside the database. java_soft_ sessionspa ce_limit 0 Warn whena Java programis consumingtoomuchmemory. job_queue _processes 4000 Max numberof job processes (DBMS_JOB,DBMS_SCHEDULER, materializedviews and AutoTask). large_pool _size 134217728 OnlywhenSGA_TARGET isset,minbytes size of large pool (sharedsystemsfor sessions,parallel executionformessagebuffers,andbackupfordiskI/Obuffers). ldap_direc tory_acces s NONE NONE:no Oracle InternetDirectoryforuser authentication;PASSWORD:use the passwordinthe wallet;SSL:use SSL. ldap_direc tory_sysau th no Change to enable loginasSYSDBA,SYSOPER,SYSBACKUP,SYSDGor SYSKM. license_m ax_session s 0 Deprecated.

license_m ax_users 0 Deprecated. license_se ssions_war ning 0 Deprecated. listener_n etworks One or more setsof local,forwardandremote listenersforcross-registration. LISTENER_NETWORKS= '((NAME=network_name) (LOCAL_LISTENER=["]listener_address[,...]["]) (FORWARD_LISTENER=["]listener_address[,...]["]) [(REMOTE_LISTENER=["]listener_address[,...]["])])' [,...] lob_signat ure_enabl e FALSE Enable to secure LOBspreventingtamperingwithitslocatorandallowencrypting itskeys. local_liste ner (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (HOST=hostname )(PORT=1521)) Networkname forlistenersrunninginthe same instance (TNSNAMES.ORA).Also to forwardrequeststoanotherlistener,i.e.: REMOTE_LISTENER=customer-scan FORWARD_LISTENER=oracle-cloud-scan LOCAL_LISTENER=oracle-none- lock_name _space Deprecated. lock_sga FALSE Change to lockentire SGA in real (physical) memory,recommendedtoenable, ignoredif the systemdoesn’tsupportit. log_archiv e_config ‘SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG’ NOSEND:no send;NORECEIVE:noreceive;DG_CONFIG:listof unique database namesreceivingredologs(upto30). log_archiv e_dest NONE OnlyforStandard Edition,indicatespathordevice name exceptRAWpartitionsto archive redologfiles. log_archiv e_dest_n NONE N=1..10. Must containa LOCATION attribute (atleastone local disk,setto USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST for FRA) or SERVICE attribute (remote database). AFFIRM: acknowledgeafterwritingredodata(defaultwhenSYNCisspecified); ALTERNATE: whenthe original fails(whenpossible trytouse GROUP and PRIORITY);ASYNC:no receive ackbefore commit(default); COMPRESSION:ZLIBor LZO, requiresalicense; DB_UNIQUE_NAME:destination;DELAY:minimum minutestowaitto applydata inthe standby, to protectfromcorruptedor erroneousdata,ignoredinreal-time apply;ENCRYPTION:onlyfora ZeroData Loss RecoveryAppliance,incompatible withCOMPRESSION,LOCATION orSYNC; GROUP:to specifycollectionof logdestinations; MANDATORY:transmissionmust succeedbefore the file canbe reused; MAX_FAILURE:numberof retries, mandatorywhenusingALTERNATE; NET_TIMEOUT: numberof secondsto waitfor ACKbefore terminatingthe connection,default30,prefertouse DATA_GUARD_SYNC_LATENCY; NOREGISTER: not recordthe locationwhennot usingData Guard; PRIORITY: preference foragroup of destinations(loweris better);REOPEN:secondsto retrya faileddestination,default300; SYNC:receive ack before the transactioncancommit; TEMPLATE: overrides LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMATat the destinationtorename files,validonlyforSERVICE (remote) destinations; VALID_FOR:indicateswhenredodatagetswritteninthis destination - bylogtype (ALL_LOGFILES,ONLINE_LOGFILE,STANDBY_LOGFILE) or by database role (ALL_ROLES,PRIMARY_ROLE,STANDBY_ROLE). log_archiv e_dest_n NONE N=11..31. Must containa SERVICE attribute (remote database),doesn’tsupport SYNC,LOCATION,MANDATORYor ALTERNATE,and cannotbe specifiedasthe target of an ALTERNATE.

log_archiv e_dest_sta te_n enable N=1..31. Change todisable destination orsetitas ALTERNATE. log_archiv e_duplex_ dest NONE OnlyforStandard Edition,specifiessecondary archivaldestination location. log_archiv e_format ARC%S_%R.%T Name formatof archive redologfiles. log_archiv e_max_pr ocesses 4 Max numberof archive processes,increase duringbulkloading(heavyarchiving workload) andrecommendedtohave atleastone for eacharchive destination. log_archiv e_min_suc ceed_dest 1 Minimumnumberof archive destinationsthatmustsucceed before online redo logfilescanbe overwritten,unlessanyof the MANDATORYdestinationfails. log_archiv e_start FALSE Change to enable automaticarchivingof redologfiles. log_archiv e_trace 0 0: disabled;1:highlevel;2:Data Guard configuration,commands,tablesand interfaces;4:lockingprimitives,OSinterfaces,taskscheduling,process monitoring,control files;8:database protectionmode;16:diskand networkI/O requests;32: destinations;64:engine;128: fetcharchive log (FAL) engine;256: physical,logical andavailabilitymachineorRFSprocess;512: LGWR, SYNC and ASYNCprocesses;1024: RFS process;2048: redo gap resolution;4096: real-time apply;8192: recoveryprocess;16384: buffermanagement;32768: LogMiner dictionary. log_buffer 2048 to 32768 Memory buffersize forredologfiles,increaseforlarge volumesof INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE or when“logbufferspace”waitevent.Recommended64 MB whenusingflashback,256 MB forData Guard asyncand highredorate. log_check point_inte rval 0 Deprecated,use FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET. log_check point_time out 1800 Deprecated,use FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET. log_check points_to_ alert FALSE Change to write checkpointsinalertlogfilefortroubleshooting. log_file_na me_conve rt To change log file namesinastandby/clone. long_mod ule_action TRUE Deprecated. max_data pump_job s_per_pdb 100 Max numberof concurrentData Pump jobsperPDB. max_data pump_par allel_per_j ob 50 Max numberof parallel processesperDataPump job. max_dispa tchers 0 Deprecated. max_dum p_file_size unlimited Max bytes|blocks size of trace files,exceptalertlog.Note the filewill be splitif largerthan 25 MB and won’tsurpassthistotal size whenset.

max_idle_ blocker_ti me 0 Max minutes time ablockingsession canbe idle beforebeingterminated. max_idle_t ime 0 Max minutestime asession canbe idle before beingterminated. max_iops 0 CDB only,max I/Oper second perPDB, min100. Exemptedare DBWR,control file, passwordfile andothercritical processesI/Os,butare accountedforwhile throttling. max_mbps 0 CDB only,max MB persecond perPDB, min25. Exemptedare DBWR,control file, passwordfile andothercritical processesMBs,butare accountedforwhile throttling. max_pdbs 4098 CDB only,max numberof PDBs allowed.Max value dependsonlicense. max_share d_servers 0 Max numberof simultaneous sharedserverprocesses.Change tofree processes for dedicatedservers.Mustbe betweenSHARED_SERVERSandPROCESSES. max_string _size STANDARD STANDARD:4000 bytesfor(N)VARCHAR2and2000 bytesforRAW; EXTENDED: 32767 bytes.Be careful of max lengthexceededwhenchangingit:virtual columns, functional indexes,viewsandmaterializedviews.Itrequiresrestartingin UPGRADE mode,runningrdbms/admin/utl32k.sqlscriptassysdba,restartingin normal mode and runningrdbms/admin/utlrp.sql torecompile invalidated objects.Canbe done in multiplePDBsatonce usingrdbms/admin/catcon.pl.Must be done inprimary andstandbysimultaneously beforerestartingSQLApply. memoptim ize_pool_s ize 0 Cache blocks|bytesmemorysizefromSGA forIn-Memory buffers (memoptimized rowstore).Note thisisnotcontrolledbyAMM. memory_ max_targe t 0 Max size of memoryto be usedinthe foreseeablefuture. memory_t arget 0 Target size of SGA andPGA memory.Ideal SGA=50% and PGA=25% of the whole memoryinthe server,unlessthere are otherDBssharingthe same server.Setting thisparameterenablesAutomaticMemoryManagement(AMM) soyoumust unsetSGA_TARGET and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET or setthemto the minimum value tobe allocated.Tune usingV$MEMORY_TARGET_ADVICE, V$SGA_TARGET_ADVICEand V$PGA_TARGET_ADVICE. multishard _query_da ta_consist ency strong STRONG: SCN synchronizationperformedacrossshardsforglobal consistentread; SHARD_LOCAL:local consistency(mostcurrentdata); DELAYED_STANDBY_ALLOWED: data fetchedfromstandby’swhenpossible dependingonloadbalancing,andmayreturnstale data. multishard _query_pa rtial_result s not allowed Change to enable partial results frommultiple shards. nls_calend ar NONE For calendardate format.NONE:Gregorian;othervalues:ArabicHijrah,English Hijrah,Japanese Imperial,Persian,ROCOfficial (RepublicOf China),Thai Buddha. nls_comp BINARY For collationcomparisons.LINGUISTIC:asspecifiedinNLS_SORT,requiresa linguisticindex forperformance;ANSI:forcompatibility.Ignoredwhensetbythe client. nls_curren cy NONE For currencysymbol.Ignoredwhensetbythe client. nls_date_f ormat NONE Date formatusedinTO_DATE and TO_CHAR, specifiedasa formatstring.Ignored wensetby the client. nls_date_l anguage NONE Language for spellingdayandmonthnamesand abbreviationsinTO_DATEand TO_CHAR. Ignoredwhensetbythe client.

nls_dual_c urrency NONE Dual currency symbol forthe territory.Ignoredwhensetbythe client. nls_iso_cu rrency NONE International currencysymbolinTO_CHAR.Ignoredwhensetbythe client. nls_langua ge AMERICAN Defaultdatabase language formessages, dayandmonthnames,symbolsforyear and daytime,and defaultsortingmechanism.Ignoredwhensetbythe client. nls_length _semantic s BYTE Do not change. nls_nchar_ conv_excp FALSE Change to raise an exception (insteadof allowingimplicitconversion)whenthere isdata lossduringa charactertype conversionforUnicode. nls_numer ic_charact ers NONE Charactersto use as group and decimal separator. The twocharactersspecified mustbe single-byte andmustbe differentfromeachother. Ignoredwhensetby the client. nls_sort NONE Collatingsequence forcharactervalue comparisons.BINARY:byte-valued(faster); LINGUISTIC:dictionariesanddirectoriesinthe language (requiresindex).Ignored whensetbythe client. nls_territo ry AMERICA Name of territoryto use for dayand weeknumbering,date format,decimal character, groupseparator,ISOand currencysymbols.Ignoredwhensetbythe client. nls_time_f ormat NONE Stringwithtime format. nls_time_t z_format NONE Stringwithtime zone format. nls_timest amp_form at NONE Stringwithtime stampformat. nls_timest amp_tz_fo rmat NONE Stringwithtime zone stampformat. noncdb_co mpatible FALSE Change to enable behaviorsimilartonon-CDBfromwithinPDBs. object_cac he_max_si ze_percen t 10 Percentage of the optimal cache size the memoryblockonthe clientside can grow. object_cac he_optima l_size 10240000 Optimal bytessize of the usersession'sobjectcache. ofs_thread s 4 Linux only. Numberof threads toserve file systemrequests,max 128. olap_page _pool_size 0 Do not change. one_step_ plugin_for _pdb_with _tde FALSE Change to facilitate the importof TDEkeysina single stepPDBmove operation, withoutprovidingapasswordwhenimportingthe keysafterthe PDBhasbeen moved. open_curs ors 50 To limitmax numberof cursors (handle toprivate SQL area) persession,max 65535. open_links 4 To limitmax numberof opendatabase linkspersession indistributed transactions.

open_links _per_insta nce 4 To limitmax numberof openlinksperinstance forglobal transactions. optimizer_ adaptive_ plans TRUE Change to disable:nestedloopjoin/hashjoinselection,startransformation bitmappruning,andadaptive paralleldistributionmethod. optimizer_ adaptive_r eporting_o nly FALSE To gather adaptive optimization informationbutalwaysuse the defaultplan. optimizer_ adaptive_s tatistics FALSE FALSE: 11g functionality,disables:use of SQLplandirectives,statisticsfeedback for joins,andadaptive dynamicsamplingforparallelexecution. optimizer_ capture_s ql_plan_ba selines FALSE Change to capture SQL planbaselinesfor SQLstatementsexecutedmore than once.Use withcautioninextremelybusysystems,whenmultiplefirst-time executedstatements,andwhendefaultplansare notperformingasexpected. optimizer_ dynamic_s ampling 2 0: donot use dynamicstatistics;1: sample size 32 blocks,use dynamicstatistics whenone nonpartitionedtable doesnothave statisticsneitherindexesandmore than 32 blocks;2: sample size 64 blocks,use dynamicstatisticswhenone table has no statistics;3: use dynamicstatisticsif the statementhasone ormore expressionsusedinthe WHEREclause;4: use dynamicstatisticsif the statement usescomplex predicates(AND|ORbetweenmultiplepredicatesonthe same table);5: sample size 128 blocks;6: sample size 256 blocks;7: sample size 512 blocks;8: sample size 1024 blocks;9: sample size 4086 blocks;10: sample size all blocks;11: use adaptive dynamicsamplingautomatically. optimizer_ features_e nable 19.1.0 Enables optimizerfeaturesbasedonOracle release number.Version19cincludes: SQL Quarantine,gatheringanduse of real-timestatistics,anduse of automatic indexes. optimizer_ ignore_hin ts FALSE Change to ignore specifiedhints. optimizer_ ignore_par allel_hints FALSE Change to ignore specifiedparallelhints. optimizer_ index_cac hing 0 Percentage of index cachinginthe buffer.Increasetofavornestedloopjoinsover hash or sort-merge joins. optimizer_ index_cost _adj 100 Percentage forevaluating accesscost:50 makesthe index accesspathlookhalf expensive asnormal.If DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT causesmanyfull table scans,setbetween1and 10 to force index use more frequently. optimizer_ inmemory _aware TRUE Change to disable optimizerin-memorycolumnarawareness. optimizer_ mode all_rows FIRST_ROWS_n:where n=1,10,100 or 1000, usesa cost-basedapproachand optimizesresponse timetoreturnthe firstn rows;FIRST_ROWS:deprecated; ALL_ROWS: cost-basedapproachwithgoal of bestthroughput(minimum resource). optimizer_ secure_vie w_mergin g TRUE Change to improve performancebynotperformingsecuritycheckstoensure view mergingandpredicate move-aroundviolatessecurityintentionsof the view creator.

optimizer_ use_invisib le_indexes FALSE Change to use invisible indexasnormal visibleindexes. optimizer_ use_pendi ng_statisti cs FALSE Change to use unpublishedstatistics(pending),useful forperformancetuning. optimizer_ use_sql_pl an_baselin es TRUE Change to notuse SQL planbaselines forcapturedstatements. os_authen t_prefix OPS$ Prefix toaddfor auto-logonaccounts,canbe set to empty. os_roles FALSE Change to letthe OS manage role grantsfor all database users. outbound_ dblink_pro tocols ALL AllowedoutboundDBLINK protocols:NONE,ALL,TCP,TCPS,IPC. parallel_ad aptive_mu lti_user FALSE Deprecated. parallel_d egree_limi t CPU CPU or AUTO: DOP = PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU* CPU_COUNT * the number of instancesavailable;IO:DOP= total systemthroughput/max IO bandwidthper process,use DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CALIBRATE_IO;integer:asindicated, onlywhenPARALLEL_DEGREE_POLICYis ADAPTIVE,AUTOor LIMITED. parallel_d egree_poli cy MANUAL Ignoredif PARALLELhintis used.MANUAL:disablesautoDOP,statementqueuing and in-memoryparallelexecution;LIMITED:enablesautoDOPonlyfortablesor indexeswithDEFAULTDOPandPARALLEL clause;AUTO: autoDOP, statement queuingandin-memoryparallelexecution;ADAPTIVE:autoDOP,statement queuing,in-memoryparallel executionandperformance feedbackforrepeated SQL statements. parallel_ex ecution_m essage_siz e 16384 Message buffersize forparallel execution (parallel query,PDML,parallel recovery and replication).Min2148, max 65536, largervaluesrequire alargersharedpool and use more memory. parallel_fo rce_local FALSE RAC only, forcessingle instance execution. parallel_in stance_gro up NONE RAC andparallel mode only,restrictsparallel queryoperationstoalimited numberof instances.Canbe any service name orgroupname specifiedinthe INSTANCE_GROUPSparameter(deprecated). parallel_m ax_servers PARALLEL_THREAD S_PER_CPU * CPU_COUNT * concurrent_paralle l_users * 5 Max numberof parallel processes perinstance,max 32767. Settingittoolow preventsqueriesfromhavinga processavailable forparallel execution,settingit too highcan cause memoryshortagesduringpeakperiodsdegrading performance. parallel_m in_degree 1 Min DOP computedby autoDOP. CPU: DOP= CPU_COUNT * PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU. parallel_m in_percent 0 Min percentof threadsrequiredforparallel query when PARALLEL_DEGREE_POLICY isMANUAL or LIMITED. Thisensuresa parallel operationdoesn’tgetexecutedif thereare notenoughresourcesavailable. parallel_m in_servers CPU_COUNT * PARALLEL_THREAD S_PER_CPU * 2 Numberof parallel query processesmaintained perinstance.

parallel_m in_time_th reshold AUTO Seconds above whichaplanis a candidate forparallelization.AUTO:if PARALLEL_DEGREE_POLICY isADAPTIVE,AUTOor LIMITED. For in-memorycolumn store statementsitdefaultsto1. parallel_se rvers_targ et PARALLEL_THREAD S_PER_CPU * CPU_COUNT * concurrent_paralle l_users * 2 Numberof parallel serverprocessesallowedtorunperinstance before queuing parallel requests(PARALLEL_DEGREE_POLICY=ADAPTIVE|AUTO).Canbe overriddenwithPARALLEL_STMT_CRITICALinconsumergroups. parallel_th reads_per _cpu 1 Numberof parallel executionthreads aCPU can handle duringexecution. pdb_file_n ame_conv ert PDB file name convertpatternsandstrings. pdb_lockd own To applya lockdownprofile toaPDB, whichrestrictsoperations,parameters, options,package execution,etc. pdb_os_cr edential Credential touse wheninteractingwiththe OS:external jobswithoutcredential, external table pre-processorsandPL/SQLlibraryexecutions. pdb_templ ate Application template touse inaPDB. permit_92 _wrap_for mat TRUE For compatibilitywith 9.2or olderwrapformat inPL/SQL. pga_aggre gate_limit 0, MEMORY_MAX_TA RGET, PGA_AGGREGATE_ TARGET * 2, (MEMORY – SGA) * 0.9 Limitof aggregate PGA memoryforthe instance or PDB.0 meansunlimited,min2 GB or PROCESSES*3MB. pga_aggre gate_targe t 0, 10 MB, SGA * 0.2 Target size forthe aggregate PGA memory toall serverprocesses inthe instance. Min 10 MB, max 4096 GB – 1. Increase formemory-intensive operations.When setWORKAREA_SIZE_POLICYchangestoAUTO, whensetto 0 WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICYchangestoMANUAL. WhenMEMORY_TARGET isset (AMM),PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET is the minimumvalue forthe PGA. plscope_se ttings IDENTIFIERS:NONE Control the compile time collection,crossreference,andstorage of PL/SQLsource code identifierandSQLstatementdata,youcan specifybothIDENTIFIERSand STATEMENTS. IDENTIFIERS:ALL,IDENTIFIERS:NONE,IDENTIFIERS:PUBLIC, IDENTIFIERS:SQL,IDENTIFIERS:PLSQL,STATEMENTS:ALL,STATEMENTS:NONE. plsql_ccfla gs NONE Control conditional compilationof eachPL/SQLlibraryunitindependentlyfor debuggingortracingcode.Consistsof pairsof identifiersandvalues. plsql_code _type INTERPRETED Compilationmode forPL/SQL.INTERPRETED:bytecode formatexecutedbyan interpreter;NATIVE:machine code withoutinterpreteroverhead(2timesfaster). plsql_debu g FALSE Deprecated. plsql_opti mize_level 2 0: forcompatibility;1:eliminationof unnecessarycomputations andexceptions; 2: optimize source code includingchangingitsoriginal orderandchangingcursor for loopswithbulkcollect;3:additional optimizations(5timesfaster). plsql_v2_c ompatibilit y FALSE Deprecated.

plsql_warn ings NONE PL/SQL compilerwarningssettings,multiple clausescanbe specified,either ENABLE,DISABLE or ERROR (warningsaserrors) with:ALL, SEVERE, INFORMATIONAL,PERFORMANCEorspecificerror/warningnumbers. pre_page_ sga TRUE Pre-pagesSGA soit isimmediatelyavailable tothe instances.Change toreduce startuptime. private_te mp_table_ prefix ORA$PTT_ Prefix touse forprivate temporarytables,mustbeginwithORA$andmustbe unique. processes 0 Max numberof OS userprocesses thatcan connectto Oracle:background,locks, queues,parallel execution,etc.Canbe setto a verylarge value since there isnot much overhead,butmake sure PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT=3MB*PROCESSES (or as appropriate) beforerestartingthe instance(whichis required).Min6,max OS dependent.Apartfromreservingaround500 forOracle (whichdependson installedandusedfeatures),youshouldreserve enoughprocessesforconnecting usersand applications,beloware some ideas: 200 – Oracle E-BusinessSuite dev/test 500 – IBM Rational BuildForge 7.1.3 1000 – Informatica,APEX 1200 – Oracle E-BusinessSuite100 users 1500 – Esuite 1800 – Siebel 2500 – Oracle E-BusinessSuite2000 users processor_ group_na me Linux/Solarisonly,name of the processorgroupthat thisinstance shouldrunin. RecommendedwhenUSE_DEDICATED_BROKER=TRUE. query_rew rite_enabl ed TRUE Change to notrewrite queriesusingmaterializedviews. query_rew rite_integr ity enforced For materializedviewsandNOVALIDATEforeignkeyconstraints. ENFORCED: guaranteesconsistencyandintegrity;TRUSTED:usesdeclaredrelationships; STALE_TOLERATED: for queryingexternal tablesforin-memorycolumnstore where can’tguarantee MVsare consistentwithunderlyingdata. rdbms_ser ver_dn NONE Deprecated,use LDAP_DIRECTORY_ACCESS. read_only _open_del ayed FALSE Change to opendatafilesthe firsttime anattemptismade toreaddata stored withinthem.Useful forverylarge databasesorportionsare storedinslowdevices or hierarchical storage. recovery_ parallelism 0 Numberof serverprocessestouse forparallel instance crash recovery.Can’t exceedPARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS. recyclebin on Change to disable FlashbackDropcapability. redo_trans port_user NONE Data Guard transport userwhenusingpasswordfile,musthave SYSOPERprivilege and the same passwordinbothdatabases.If not specified,SYSisused. remote_de pendencie s_mode timestamp For remote procedure calls.TIMESTAMP:recompile tocompare recordedserver- side procedure withthe local procedure timestamps;SIGNATURE:executeif the signature issafe. remote_lis tener Usedto forwardrequeststoremote listener(s)viathisnetworkname.Toforward requeststoanotherlistener,i.e.: REMOTE_LISTENER=customer-scan FORWARD_LISTENER=oracle-cloud-scan LOCAL_LISTENER=oracle-none- remote_lo gin_passw ordfile exclusive EXCLUSIVE:passwordfilecanbe usedonlybyone database;SHARED: can be used by multipledatabasesbutcan’tbe modified(change password,addorrevoke SYS roles);NONE:file ignored,users mustbe authenticatedbythe OS.

remote_os _authent FALSE Deprecated. remote_os _roles FALSE Change to allow non-secureremote clientstouse OSroles. remote_re covery_file _dest NONE Directoryfromwhichto readarchive logsduringa PDB refreshif the source is unavailable. replication _depende ncy_tracki ng TRUE Do not change. resource_li mit TRUE Change to disable resource limits:CPU,memory,parallelism, idle time,etc. resource_ manage_g oldengate FALSE Change to enable resource managerforGoldenGate applyprocesses,i.e.to distribute resourcesamongall PDBs. resource_ manager_c pu_allocati on 0 Deprecated,use CPU_COUNTinstead. resource_ manager_ plan Resource managerplanto use. result_cac he_max_r esult 5 Percentage of RESULT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE any single resultcanuse. result_cac he_max_si ze 1 Max bytesof memory fromSGA to use for the resultcache,inmultiplesof 32K. Setto 0 to disable (invalidate) resultsafterreturned. result_cac he_mode MANUAL MANUAL: resultcache operatoraddedonlywhenspecifiedasahint;FORCE: inall selectstatementsunlessspecifiedNO_RESULT_CACHEhint,notrecommendedin OLTP. result_cac he_remote _expiratio n 0 Max life time (min) foranyresultusingaremote object,0doesnot cache at all. Settingithigherthan1 producesstale answersforthisamountof minutes. resumable _timeout 0 Enablesresumable statementswiththe specifiedtimeout,thatis,a statement that failswill suspendthisnumberof secondsuntil the errorconditionisresolved; if not, the erroris returnedtothe user.Commoncorrectable errorsare:out of space condition,maximumextentsreached,space quotaexceeded. rollback_s egments IgnoredwhenUNDO_MANAGEMENTisset to AUTO.Specifiesalistof segmentsto use for rollbackinManual Undo ManagementMode,but itis recommendedto use Undo Segmentsinstead.If notspecified,publicsegmentsare used.The values to specifyare anyin the data dictionaryview DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGSexcept SYSTEM. scheduler_ follow_pd btz FALSE Make schedulerobjectsfollow PDB timezone. sec_case_s ensitive_lo gon TRUE Deprecated.

sec_max_f ailed_login _attempts 3 Max numberof failedloginattemptsonaconnection before terminatingit. sec_protoc ol_error_f urther_act ion (DROP,3) Actionto take whenreceivingbadpackets(possiblymaliciousclient).CONTINUE: can cause a DoS if bad packetscontinue;DELAY,N:cause delayof nsecondsbefore the nextrequest;DROP,N:terminatethe connectionafterncumulative bad packets. sec_protoc ol_error_tr ace_action TRACE Loggingwhenreceivingbadpackets.NONE:norecording;TRACE:shortentryin alertlogand servertrace file,alsoanincidentgenerated;LOG:entryinserver trace file;ALERT:shortentryin alertlogand servertrace file. sec_return _server_re lease_ban ner FALSE Do not change. serial_reus e disable Deprecated. service_na mes Deprecated. session_ca ched_curs ors 50 Numberof cursors to cache in a session. Increase when“sessioncursorcache hits” ishigh,whichrequiresalargerSHARED_POOL_SIZE,up to the numberof OPEN_CURSORS. session_m ax_open_fi les 10 Max numberof open BFILEs allowedpersession throughDBMS_LOB.FILEOPEN() or OCILobFileOpen().Max 50 or the limitimposedbythe OS. sessions PROCESSES * 1.5 + 22 Max numberof concurrentusers,backgroundprocesses,andadditional10%for recursive ones.The defaultvalue actsasthe minimum, soyoumustsetthisvalue largerthan that. sga_max_s ize MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TA RGET Max total SGA size.Firsttune the cachesin the most efficientmanner,thenset the SGA largerthan the sum of all components. sga_min_si ze 0 Minimum,guaranteedsize of PDB'sSGA,max SGA_TARGET * 0.5. sga_target 0 Total size of all SGA components,0 meansSGA autotuningisdisabledfor DEFERRED butallowedforIMMEDIATE, min64 MB, max OS dependent.Whenset, all poolsare automaticallysized:DB_CACHE_SIZE,SHARED_POOL_SIZE, LARGE_POOL_SIZE,JAVA_POOL_SIZE,STREAMS_POOL_SIZE, DATA_TRANSFER_CACHE_SIZE;if those are setto non-zero,thatistreatedasthe minvalue.Notaffectedbyautomaticsharedmemorymanagementare:log buffer,otherbuffercaches(KEEP,RECYCLE,otherblocksizes),fixedSGA andother internal allocations.WhenMEMORY_TARGET isalso set,SGA_TARGET acts as the minimum. shadow_c ore_dump none Specifieswhethertoinclude SGA informationonerror.PARTIAL:noinclude incore dumps;FULL: include;NONE:nocore filesgenerated. shared_m emory_ad dress 0 SGA startingaddress(low order32-bitson64-bit platforms). shared_po ol_reserve d_size SHARED_POOL_SIZ E * 0.05 Bytessize of reservedareaof sharedpool forlarge contiguousrequests,min5000, max SHARED_POOL_SIZE * 0.5. shared_po ol_size 134217728 Max bytessize of sharedpool:cursors,storedprocedures,control structures, parallel executionmessage buffers(whenSGA_TARGETnotset),etc.Large values

improve performance inmultiusersystems,smallervaluesuse lessmemory.Use V$SGASTATto determine correctusage. shared_ser ver_sessio ns 0 Max numberof shared sessions fordedicatedservers(sharedservermode),max is SESSIONS. shared_ser vers 4294967294 Min numberof sharedserverstostart up, maximumisMAX_SHARED_SERVERS. shrd_dupl _table_ref resh_rate 60 Duplicatedtable (same contentsonall shardsthrough MVs) refreshrate in seconds. skip_unus able_index es TRUE Change to enable errorreportingof indexesmarkedUNUSABLE,preventingDML operationsonthe base tables.WhenTRUE, constraintsmaybe violatedwithout noticing. smtp_out_ server SMTP host(s)/port(s) forUTL_MAIL for outboundemail. sort_area_ retained_s ize 0 Onlyforsharedserversetup,otherwisedonotchange (deprecated). sort_area_ size 65536 Onlyforsharedserversetup,otherwisedonotchange (deprecated). spatial_ve ctor_accel eration FALSE OnlyforSpatial and Graph option,change toimprove queryperformance. spfile NONE Name of current serverparameterfile. sql92_secu rity TRUE Change to allow userswithoutSELECTprivilege toperformUPDATE/DELETEif granted.The SQL standard requiresthe SELECTprivilegeforthose operations. sql_trace FALSE Change to enable SQLtrace (10% overhead),usedfordetaileddumpwheninvalid data isreturned. sqltune_ca tegory DEFAULT Categoryqualifierforapplyinghintsets whentuningquerieswithprofiles. ssl_wallet SSL walletdirectory,i.e.whenusingHTTPSto connectto Oracle Cloud. standby_d b_preserv e_states NONE Preserve state acrossstandbyrole transition exceptlongrunningqueriesor database links.NONE:no preserve,sessionsdisconnectedandbuffersflushed; SESSION:sessionsretained;BUFFER:buffersretainedforfastqueriesatthe beginning;ALL:sessionsandbuffers. standby_fil e_manage ment MANUAL Change to create/drop filesautomaticallyon the standby (be careful tonot overwrite files). standby_p db_source _file_dblin k DB linkto standbysource files. standby_p db_source _file_direc tory Standbysource file directorylocation. star_transf ormation_ enabled FALSE Change to enable cost-basedquerytransformationto starqueries. TEMP_DISABLE: enable withoutusingtemptables. statistics_l evel TYPICAL ALL: collecttimedOSandplanexecutionstatistics;BASIC:nostatisticsforAWR, ADDM, alerts,AMM, optimizer,objectlevel,client/application,time distribution,

service level,buffercache,MTTR,sharedpool,segmentlevel,PGA,timedand monitoring,thusnotrecommended. streams_p ool_size 0 Bytessize of streamspool (GoldenGate,XStream, AdvancedQueuing,DataPump), whenSGA_TARGET isset thisacts as the minimumvalue,whenbothare notset 10% of the sharedpool is used.Foradvancedqueuinguse dbms_aqadm. tape_asyn ch_io TRUE Change if async I/Oisunstable. target_pd bs 1 Must be sethigherthanthe actual numberof PDBs,for Oracle to adequatelysize internal datastructures. tde_config uration NONE Per-PDBconfigurationforTransparentDataEncryption toisolate theirkeys,inthe formKEYSTORE_CONFIGURATION=value;CONTAINER=pdb_name;where value can be: FILE: walletkeystore;OKV:Oracle KeyVault;HSM:Hardware Security Module;FILE|OKV:reverse migrationfromOKV towalletkeystore;FILE|HSM: reverse migrationfromHSMto walletkeystore;OKV|FILE:migration fromwallet to OKV;HSM|FILE: migrationfromwallettoHSM. temp_und o_enabled FALSE Change to enable temporaryundo loginasessiontransaction,reducingglobal undo/redolog,recommendedwhenapplicationsuse global temptablesortemp table transformations.Ignoredinstandby’sasitisenabledbydefault. thread 0 RAC-only,redothreadtomount (1 forone SID, 2 foranotherSID, etc.). threaded_ execution FALSE Linux/Unix only,change toenablemultithreadedexecution mode(runasOS threadsinseparate addressspace).Note thisdisablesOSauthenticationandthe listenerneedstobe changed. timed_os_ statistics 0 Internal OSstatisticgatheringintervalinseconds,whenSTATISTICS_LEVEL=ALL and whenexplicitlyrequested, notrecommendedtochange globallydue tobeing veryexpensive. timed_stat istics FALSE Change to collectstatsintrace filesandV$SESSTATS/V$SYSSTATS. trace_ena bled TRUE Change to improve performance,butyoulose abilitytodiagnose systemproblems duringfailures. tracefile_i dentifier Usedto appenda custom identifiertothe foregroundprocess trace file. transactio ns SESSIONS * 1.1 Max numberof concurrentactive transactions (rollbacksegments). transactio ns_per_rol lback_seg ment 5 Numberof active transactionsperrollbacksegment. undo_man agement AUTO AUTO: systemmanagedundo;MANUAL:rollbacksegmentundo. undo_rete ntion 900 Min secondsforundoretention inAUTOEXTENDundotablespaces.Ignoredin fixedsize undotablespacesunlessretentionguaranteeisenabled.Whennot enoughspace,unexpiredundospace isreusedcausing“snapshottooold”. Increase forflashbackqueryandto serve queriesonstandbys. undo_tabl espace NONE Use/switchundotablespace(s),notsupportedinmanual undomanagement.If not specifiedthe firstavailable undotablespace ischosen,if there isn’tany transactionswill use the SYSTEMrollbacksegmentwhichisnotrecommended. unified_au dit_sga_qu eue_size 1048576 Deprecated. unified_au dit_system log FALSE PDB only,change towrite unifiedauditrecordsinWindowsEventViewer.

uniform_lo g_timesta mp_forma t TRUE FALSE: mix of timestampswithdifferentprecisions,local timeanduniversaltime (pre-12.2formats). use_dedic ated_brok er TRUE FALSE: dedicated server;TRUE: dedicated connectionbroker(requires THREADED_EXECUTION=TRUE and changesinlistener). use_large_ pages TRUE Linux only,butdonot setto FALSE inany OS as it causesperformance degradation (exceptinASMwhenMEMORY_TARGET is enabled).TRUE:can use large pagesif configured;AUTO:calculate andrequestlarge pagesrequired;ONLY:consistent performance,instance doesn’tstartif large pagescan’tbe usedfor SGA; AUTO_ONLY: forExadata systems,calculate andrequestlarge pagesrequiredand doesn’tstartif there aren’tenough. user_dum p_dest ?#RDBMSTRACE Deprecated,use DIAGNOSTIC_DESTinstead. wallet_roo t NONE Walletrootfor all PDBs. workarea_ size_policy AUTO AUTO: sizedautomaticallyformemory-intensiveoperators;MANUAL:basedon the *_AREA_SIZE (i.e.SORT),thisreducesperformance andcausespoorPGA memoryutilization. xml_db_ev ents enable Change to disable XMLDB repository events.

Oracle 19c initialization parameters

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Oracle 19c initialization parameters

Recently uploaded

Oracle 19c initialization parameters