Kubernetes Features, Architecture, Components, and Uses
Introduction to Kubernetes • Open-source container orchestration platform • Originally developed by Google, now maintained by CNCF • Automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications
Why Kubernetes? • Manages large-scale containerized applications • Ensures availability and fault tolerance • Reduces operational complexity • Supports hybrid and multi-cloud deployments
Key Features of Kubernetes • Automated bin packing • Self-healing (restart, reschedule, replicate) • Horizontal scaling • Service discovery and load balancing • Automated rollouts and rollbacks • Secret and configuration management
Kubernetes Architecture • Master Node (Control Plane) and Worker Nodes • Master manages cluster state and scheduling • Workers run application workloads in Pods • API Server is the entry point for all commands
Control Plane Components • API Server: Handles REST requests • Etcd: Key-value store for cluster data • Scheduler: Assigns workloads to nodes • Controller Manager: Ensures cluster state
Node Components • Kubelet: Ensures containers run in a pod • Kube-proxy: Manages networking for services • Container Runtime: Executes containers (Docker, containerd, etc.)
Pods in Kubernetes • Smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes • Encapsulates one or more containers • Shares storage and network resources • Replicated using ReplicaSets or Deployments
Kubernetes Services • Abstracts access to pods • Provides stable networking endpoints • Types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName • Supports service discovery and load balancing
Kubernetes Deployments • Declarative updates to applications • Manages ReplicaSets • Allows scaling, updates, and rollbacks • Ensures desired number of pods are running
ConfigMaps and Secrets • ConfigMaps: Externalize configuration parameters • Secrets: Store sensitive information (passwords, tokens, keys) • Keep application code and configuration separate
Storage in Kubernetes • Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) • Dynamic provisioning of storage • Supports local storage, cloud storage, NFS, etc. • StatefulSets manage stateful applications
Kubernetes Networking • Flat network model (all pods communicate with each other) • CNI plugins provide networking implementation • Ingress manages external HTTP/HTTPS access • Network policies define security rules
Uses of Kubernetes • Microservices-based application management • CI/CD pipelines and DevOps automation • Hybrid and multi-cloud deployments • Scalable web applications and APIs • Data processing and machine learning workloads
Advantages of Kubernetes • Portability across environments • Improved scalability and resource efficiency • Fault tolerance and resilience • Large ecosystem and community support • Cloud-native readiness
Summary • Kubernetes automates container orchestration • Architecture: Control Plane + Worker Nodes • Core Components: Pods, Services, Deployments, ConfigMaps, Secrets • Key Uses: Microservices, CI/CD, scalable workloads • Widely adopted as the standard orchestration platform

Open-source container orchestration platform

  • 1.
  • 2.
    Introduction to Kubernetes •Open-source container orchestration platform • Originally developed by Google, now maintained by CNCF • Automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications
  • 3.
    Why Kubernetes? • Manageslarge-scale containerized applications • Ensures availability and fault tolerance • Reduces operational complexity • Supports hybrid and multi-cloud deployments
  • 4.
    Key Features ofKubernetes • Automated bin packing • Self-healing (restart, reschedule, replicate) • Horizontal scaling • Service discovery and load balancing • Automated rollouts and rollbacks • Secret and configuration management
  • 5.
    Kubernetes Architecture • MasterNode (Control Plane) and Worker Nodes • Master manages cluster state and scheduling • Workers run application workloads in Pods • API Server is the entry point for all commands
  • 6.
    Control Plane Components •API Server: Handles REST requests • Etcd: Key-value store for cluster data • Scheduler: Assigns workloads to nodes • Controller Manager: Ensures cluster state
  • 7.
    Node Components • Kubelet:Ensures containers run in a pod • Kube-proxy: Manages networking for services • Container Runtime: Executes containers (Docker, containerd, etc.)
  • 8.
    Pods in Kubernetes •Smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes • Encapsulates one or more containers • Shares storage and network resources • Replicated using ReplicaSets or Deployments
  • 9.
    Kubernetes Services • Abstractsaccess to pods • Provides stable networking endpoints • Types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName • Supports service discovery and load balancing
  • 10.
    Kubernetes Deployments • Declarativeupdates to applications • Manages ReplicaSets • Allows scaling, updates, and rollbacks • Ensures desired number of pods are running
  • 11.
    ConfigMaps and Secrets •ConfigMaps: Externalize configuration parameters • Secrets: Store sensitive information (passwords, tokens, keys) • Keep application code and configuration separate
  • 12.
    Storage in Kubernetes •Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) • Dynamic provisioning of storage • Supports local storage, cloud storage, NFS, etc. • StatefulSets manage stateful applications
  • 13.
    Kubernetes Networking • Flatnetwork model (all pods communicate with each other) • CNI plugins provide networking implementation • Ingress manages external HTTP/HTTPS access • Network policies define security rules
  • 14.
    Uses of Kubernetes •Microservices-based application management • CI/CD pipelines and DevOps automation • Hybrid and multi-cloud deployments • Scalable web applications and APIs • Data processing and machine learning workloads
  • 15.
    Advantages of Kubernetes •Portability across environments • Improved scalability and resource efficiency • Fault tolerance and resilience • Large ecosystem and community support • Cloud-native readiness
  • 16.
    Summary • Kubernetes automatescontainer orchestration • Architecture: Control Plane + Worker Nodes • Core Components: Pods, Services, Deployments, ConfigMaps, Secrets • Key Uses: Microservices, CI/CD, scalable workloads • Widely adopted as the standard orchestration platform