Open-source container orchestration platform Originally developed by Google, now maintained by CNCF Automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications
Introduction to Kubernetes •Open-source container orchestration platform • Originally developed by Google, now maintained by CNCF • Automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications
Key Features ofKubernetes • Automated bin packing • Self-healing (restart, reschedule, replicate) • Horizontal scaling • Service discovery and load balancing • Automated rollouts and rollbacks • Secret and configuration management
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Kubernetes Architecture • MasterNode (Control Plane) and Worker Nodes • Master manages cluster state and scheduling • Workers run application workloads in Pods • API Server is the entry point for all commands
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Control Plane Components •API Server: Handles REST requests • Etcd: Key-value store for cluster data • Scheduler: Assigns workloads to nodes • Controller Manager: Ensures cluster state
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Node Components • Kubelet:Ensures containers run in a pod • Kube-proxy: Manages networking for services • Container Runtime: Executes containers (Docker, containerd, etc.)
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Pods in Kubernetes •Smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes • Encapsulates one or more containers • Shares storage and network resources • Replicated using ReplicaSets or Deployments
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Kubernetes Services • Abstractsaccess to pods • Provides stable networking endpoints • Types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName • Supports service discovery and load balancing
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Kubernetes Deployments • Declarativeupdates to applications • Manages ReplicaSets • Allows scaling, updates, and rollbacks • Ensures desired number of pods are running
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ConfigMaps and Secrets •ConfigMaps: Externalize configuration parameters • Secrets: Store sensitive information (passwords, tokens, keys) • Keep application code and configuration separate
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Storage in Kubernetes •Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) • Dynamic provisioning of storage • Supports local storage, cloud storage, NFS, etc. • StatefulSets manage stateful applications
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Kubernetes Networking • Flatnetwork model (all pods communicate with each other) • CNI plugins provide networking implementation • Ingress manages external HTTP/HTTPS access • Network policies define security rules
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Uses of Kubernetes •Microservices-based application management • CI/CD pipelines and DevOps automation • Hybrid and multi-cloud deployments • Scalable web applications and APIs • Data processing and machine learning workloads
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Advantages of Kubernetes •Portability across environments • Improved scalability and resource efficiency • Fault tolerance and resilience • Large ecosystem and community support • Cloud-native readiness
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Summary • Kubernetes automatescontainer orchestration • Architecture: Control Plane + Worker Nodes • Core Components: Pods, Services, Deployments, ConfigMaps, Secrets • Key Uses: Microservices, CI/CD, scalable workloads • Widely adopted as the standard orchestration platform