LEAF DISEASE DETECTION USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM)

LEAF DISEASE DETECTION USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM)

• 1.
  Journal for Research|Volume 02| Issue 02 | April 2016 ISSN: 2395-7549 All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 74 Leaf Disease Detection using Image Processing and Support Vector Machine(SVM) Vaijinath B. Batule Gaurav U. Chavan Department of Information Technology Department of Information Technology Trinity College of Engineering And Research, Pune, Trinity College of Engineering And Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India Maharashtra, India Vishal P. Sanap Kiran D. Wadkar Department of Information Technology Department of Information Technology Trinity College of Engineering And Research, Pune, Trinity College of Engineering And Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India Maharashtra, India Abstract in the study on leaf disease detection can be a helpful aspect in keeping an eye on huge area of fields of crops, but it’s important to detect the disease as early as possible. This paper gives a method to detect the disease caused to the leaf calculating the RGB and HSV values. Primarily the image is blurred in order reduce noise. Then the image is converted from RGB to HSV form, after this color thresholding is done. After thresholding foreground or background detection is performed. Background detection leads to feature extractions of the leaf. Then k-means algorithm is applied which can help to clot the clusters. The following system is a software based solution for detecting the disease with which the leaf is infected. In order to detect the disease some steps are to be followed using image processing and support vector machine. Improving the quality and production of agricultural products detection of the leaf disease can be useful. Keywords: Leaf disease, Image processing, Feature extraction, k-means, Support Vector Machine _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is just not helpful for human feeding or earning it is much more like energy and global warming. Leaf disease has been affecting many aspects in the field of agriculture mainly they are production, quality and quantity. India is a country which is dependent on agriculture. Leaf disease detection can be helpful for the farmers. Research works in smart computing surrounding to identify the disease using the pictures of leaves. The images would be taken from the cell phone, cameras etc. The images are used to train the data sets and the support vector machine. For above procedure to take place smoothly both techniques image processing and supervised learning that is support vector machine are used. For the following purposes image processing is used in agricultural applications: 1) Detecting the diseased leaf. 2) To measure area affected by the disease. 3) Identifying the boundary of affected area by disease. 4) Finding out the color of the affected area. 5) Identify the object perfect. In the regards of a leaf which is diseased can be said as the physiology isn’t normal as it is for the leaf which is absolutely fine. So we can check before the whole leaf gets infected and the productivity is decreased. We can check for the infected area. Once the farmer comes to know there’s something wrong with the leaf. Because of that leaf all the plants are in danger of getting infected. Before this happens there’s need to identify the disease. And after knowing it farmers can try to cure the leaves by various ways. The main thing is symptom, which denotes the proof of the presence of something. By gauging the answers about the leaf are diseased, which part is diseased can be helpful for successful cultivation. After the identification process of the disease the farmers can go for the next step that is the curing the disease with which the leaf is infected. The symptoms and the disease attack play vital role in successful farming. In research it is found that disease cause heavy losses there are different losses financial, crops are lost and each of them are dependent on each other. If the crops are damaged it can cause a huge financial loss. The main target is to spot the area which is infected and start curing the area which is infected. This is the part where image processing comes to the rescue. As it’s related to image processing, image acquisition and background separation is done. Image processing and support vector is used in this application, image processing for all the feature extraction etc, and support vector machine to train the data sets and to make the comparisons between the leaf which is unaffected and the leaf which is infected. This paper provides the study about the detection of the disease on different leaves.
• 2.
  Leaf Disease Detectionusing Image Processing and Support Vector Machine(SVM) (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 014) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 75 II. LITERATURE SURVEY Paper [1] implements leaf disease detection using image processing and neural network. In this paper there are mainly two phases included to gauge the infected part. First the edge detection based on image segmentation is performed, and at last image analysis and identifying the disease is done. Using the images which are given as an input to the system its main done by RGB pixel counting values features used to gain information about the disease. This paper contains CIELAB, HSI and YCbCr color space while detecting the spot this becomes important. For Detecting and classification of the disease this approach uses Neural Network (NN) moreover. SVM also has been studied in this paper it defines it as a set of related supervised learning method used for classification and regression. SVM classifier improves the performance and accuracy. [4].In this approach there’s an algorithm for disease spot segmentation by adapting image processing techniques. In this paper the effect of YCbCr, HIS and CIELAB color space are compared while the process of disease spots detection. They were different experiments carried on “Monocot” and “Dicot” family plant leaves it contains both noise free that is (white) and noisy background to obtain the method which is more useful to detect disease with noise in background. There are different sections in this paper. Methodology used is described in section 2 that includes 3 steps as follows, Image color transform, image smoothing and disease spot segmentation. [7]. This research does work on detecting the disease of the leaf. This is done by calculating area of leaf through pixel number stats. In this approach its listed that while taking a picture of the leaf a white background is taken. Because of this the precision of measurement is achieved and distortion is also avoided. In this approach Image processing method and MATLAB is used. MATLAB is a language which gives high performance under technical computing. [9].There’s research work done on many approaches like SVM, NN, and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) etc. Mainly there were two components included or studied deeply in various approaches, those where SVM’s and NN’s. There were many comparisons between conventional multiple regression, artificial neural network and SVM. It was concluded that SVM based regression approach has led to a better description of the relationship between the environmental conditions and disease level which could be useful for disease management. III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY The first step is to acquire images of various leafs from the Digital camera or any source. There are various image processing techniques applied to detect the disease. Image processing is used to get useful features that can prove important for further process. With image processing, SVM and k-means is also used, k-means is an algorithm and SVM is the classifier. Then next various techniques are to use to get and result in hand. Figure 1 shows the flow of the proposed system and the vision dependent detection algorithm. The initial step is to pick up the sample images of all the leaves from the camera. The flow of the process of the proposed system: 1) Input Image. 2) Blur Soften Image. 3) Converting the input image from RGB to HSV format. 4) Color Thresholding. 5) Separating the Foreground and the Background. 6) Leaf segmentation
• 3.
  Leaf Disease Detectionusing Image Processing and Support Vector Machine(SVM) (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 014) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 76 Fig. 1: Flow of the proposed approach 6) Feature Extraction of the leaf. 7) Disease recognition using SVM and K-means. 8) Desired result Input Image: Images can be taken by the digital camera and by using the images the data can be saved. Then for training the data set also for the comparison of the diseased leave and healthy leave. Blur Soften Image After acquiring the image next step is to apply blur soften to the image. Blurring of the image means each pixels of the image gets spread over. Sharpening of the image can be reduced by using blurring and detection can be accurate. Blurring the image helps to reduce the amount of noise in the image. When the image is taken it contains some noise which can make detecting the affected area tough process. By blurring the image the noise can be reduced. Converting the image from RGB to HSV Format Blurring helps to reduce the noise and conversion of RGB to HSV (Hue Saturation Value) can be helpful where the color description plays an important role. RGB color space describes the colors in the form of red, green, blue present.Usually HSV model is preferred over RGB color model. RGB model determines color as a collection of primary colors. HSV model’s description of color is identical as of the human eye [5]. Color Thresholding Conversion of the image from the RGB to HSV leads to the thresholding of the image. The simplest method of thresholding is to replace each pixel of a particular image with a black pixel if the intensity of the image is less than the fixed the constant, or can be replaced by white pixel if the intensity of the image is greater than the constant. Separating the foreground. The separation of the foreground and background plays an important role in obtaining the diseased part of the leaf. In this approach the foreground of the image is extracted. So automatically therefore the foreground is separated and is helpful in detection.
• 4.
  Leaf Disease Detectionusing Image Processing and Support Vector Machine(SVM) (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 014) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 77 Leaf Segmentation The image is segmented into various parts according to the region of interest. This detects the division of the same and meaningful regions. In other words image segmentation is used to separate the objects from the background of the image. Then after the segmentation the segmented part is given to the clustering algorithm that is k-means. Feature Extraction The input given to the algorithm is huge and can lead to complex processing. The inputs given are compact of binded together so that it represents as set of features. If the features of the image are extracted wisely then that whatever feature set is available it gauges proper information from the input in order to perform relevant task. SVM and K-means Support Vector Machine A support vector machine comes under supervised learning model in the machine learning. SVM’s are mainly used for classification and regression analysis. SVM has to be associated with learning algorithm to produce an output. SVM has given better performance for classifications and regressions as compare to other processes. There are sets of training which belong to two different categories. The SVM training algorithm creates a model that allots new examples into one category or into the other category, which makes it non-probabilistic binary linear classifier. The representation in SVM shows points in space and also they are mapped so the examples come across as they have been divide by a gap which is as wide as possible. K-means The k-means algorithm tries to split the data set which contains the information of particular data set into a fixed number of clusters (k). Primarily k numbers of centroids are chosen. A centroid is a data point which is situated at the center of a cluster. The centroids are picked at random from the present input data set such that all centroids are unique and vary from each other. These centroids are used train the SVM. Then it produces randomized set of the clusters. The algorithm is composed of the following steps: 1) The K points are placed into the space which is represented by the objects that have been clustered. They represent initial clusters of centroids. 2) Each object is assigned to the group that has closest centroid. 3) After assigning all the objects recalculate positions of the K centroids. 4) Repeat the step 2 and 3 till the centroids are at one place and don’t move longer. This leads to the separation of the objects into the groups. Thereafter each centroid is set to the arithmetic mean of the cluster which it is defined to. The set of final centroid will be used to produce the classification/clustering of the data which is given as the input. IV. CONCLUSION Recognizing the disease is main purpose of the proposed system. The result shows the valuable approach which support accurate detection of the diseased leaf. Image processing technique is applied to detect the affected part of leaf from the input image. K- means algorithm is used for clustering of images. Disease detection is main motive of this system.In near future work can be extended for developing of hybrid algorithms using NNs to improve the recognition rate..Thus this technique would be useful for saving the farmers from a huge loss. REFERENCES [1] Arti N. Rathod, Bhavesh A. Tanawala, Vatsal H. Shah,―”Leaf Disease Detection Using Image Processing And Neural Network”,IJAERD,2014,1(6). [2] P.Revathi, M.Hemalatha, ―”Classification of Cotton Leaf Spot Diseases Using Image Processing Edge Detection Techniques”, ISBN, 2012, 169-173, IEEE. [3] H. Al-Hiary, S. Bani-Ahmad, M. Reyalat, M. Braik and Z. ALRahamneh, ―”Fast and Accurate Detection and Classification of Plant Diseases”, IJCA, 2011, 17(1), 31-38, IEEE-2010.0 [4] Piyush Chaudhary, Anand K. Chaudhari, Dr. A. N. Cheeran and Sharda Godara,―”Color Transform Based Approach for Disease Spot Detection on Plant Leaf”, IJCST, 2012, 3(6), 65-70. [5] http://coecsl.ece.illinois.edu/ge423/spring05/group8/finalproject/hsv_writeup.pdf. [6] Chanchal Srivastava, Saurabh Kumar Mishra, Pallavi Asthana, G. R. Mishra, O.P. Singh ―” Performance Comparison of Various Filters and Wavelet Transform for Image De-Noising”,IOSR-JCE,2013,10(1),55-63. [7] Hrushikesh Dattaray Marathe, Prerna Namdeorao Kothe,―”Leaf Disease Detection Using Image Processing Techniques”,IJERT,2013,2(3). [8] H. Al-Hiary, S. Bani-Ahmed,M. Reyalat, M.Braik and Z. AL Rahamneh,―”Fast and Accurate Detection and Classification of Plant Diseases”,IJCA,2011,17(1). [9] Jayamala K. Patil, Raj Kumar, ―”Advances In Image Processing For Detection of Plant Diseases”, JABAR, 2011, 2(2), 135-141. [10] S. Arivazhagan, R. Newlin Shebiah, S. Ananthi, S. Vishnu Varthini,―”Detection of Unhealthy region of Plant Leaves and Classification of Plant Leaf Diseases using Texture Features”,CIGR,2013,15(1),211-217.