Inheritance_in_OOP_using Python Programming

Inheritance_in_OOP_using Python Programming

• 1.
  Inheritance in Object-Oriented Programming(OOP) Understanding Classes, Objects, and Inheritance in Python Abigail Judith Date
• 2.
  Introduction to OOPand Inheritance Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): - Focuses on objects that interact with each other. - Concepts include classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction. Inheritance: - Inheritance is the mechanism that allows one class (child) to inherit attributes and methods from another class (parent). - Benefits of inheritance: Reusability, Extensibility, Improved code organization.
• 3.
  Why Use Inheritance? -Reusability: Child classes can reuse code from the parent class, avoiding duplication. - Extensibility: Child classes can extend the functionality of parent classes. - Simplifies Maintenance: Changes to the parent class automatically reflect in the child classes.
• 4.
  Types of Inheritance -Single Inheritance: A child class inherits from one parent class. Example: class Dog(Animal): - Multiple Inheritance: A child class inherits from more than one parent class. Example: class Dog(Mammal, Animal): - Multilevel Inheritance: A class inherits from a class, which is itself derived from another class. Example: class Puppy(Dog):
• 5.
  Inheritance Syntax Basic Syntax: classParentClass: def __init__(self): pass def method_in_parent(self): pass class ChildClass(ParentClass): # Inherits from ParentClass def __init__(self): super().__init__() # Calls the constructor of ParentClass pass def method_in_child(self): pass
• 6.
  Creating Objects forthe Class Class Object Instantiation: When a class is defined, you can create objects (instances) of the class to access its methods and attributes. Example: class Animal: def __init__(self, name): self.name = name # Creating an object of Animal class animal = Animal("Lion") print(animal.name) # Output: Lion
• 7.
  Demonstrating Inheritance withExample Parent Class: class Animal: def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def speak(self): print(f"{self.name} makes a sound") Child Class: class Dog(Animal): def __init__(self, name, breed): super().__init__(name) self.breed = breed def speak(self): print(f"{self.name} barks") Creating Objects for the Child Class: dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever") dog.speak() # Output: Buddy barks
• 8.
  # Parent class classParent: def __init__(self): self.parent_var = "I am a Parent variable" def parent_method(self): print("This is a method from Parent class") # First Child class class Child1(Parent): def child1_method(self): print("This is a method from Child1 class") # Second Child class class Child2(Parent): def child2_method(self): print("This is a method from Child2 class") # Creating objects of child classes obj1 = Child1() obj2 = Child2() # Accessing Parent class properties and methods print(obj1.parent_var) # Accessing Parent's variable obj1.parent_method() # Calling
• 9.
  class Animal: def move(self): print('Animalscan move') class Bird: def fly(self): print('Birds can fly') class Bat(Animal, Bird): def sound(self): print('Bats make high-pitched sounds') bat = Bat() bat.move() bat.fly() bat.sound()
• 10.
  Python follows MROwhen resolving methods. - The `__mro__` attribute shows the method lookup order. - Example: print(Bat.__mro__) Output: (<class 'Bat'>, <class 'Animal'>, <class 'Bird'>, <class 'object'>)
• 11.
  Method Overriding inInheritance Definition: The child class can provide its own implementation of a method that is already defined in the parent class. Example: class Animal: def speak(self): print("Animal makes a sound") class Dog(Animal): def speak(self): print("Dog barks") animal = Animal() animal.speak() # Output: Animal makes a sound dog = Dog() dog.speak() # Output: Dog barks
• 12.
  Super Function andInheritance The super() function is used to call methods from the parent class. This is particularly useful in the child class constructor to call the parent class's __init__() method. Example: class Animal: def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def speak(self): print(f"{self.name} makes a sound") class Dog(Animal): def __init__(self, name, breed): super().__init__(name) # Call the parent class constructor self.breed = breed def speak(self): print(f"{self.name} barks") dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever") dog.speak() # Output: Buddy barks
• 13.
  Private and ProtectedAttributes in Inheritance Private Attributes: - Private attributes (using __) are not accessible outside the class, even in subclasses. Example: class Animal: def __init__(self, name): self.__name = name # Private attribute def get_name(self): return self.__name class Dog(Animal): def __init__(self, name): super().__init__(name) dog = Dog("Buddy") print(dog.get_name()) # Access private attribute via public method
• 14.
  Access Modifiers inInheritance • Public Attributes: Accessible from anywhere. • Protected Attributes: Indicated by a single underscore (_), meant for internal use within a class or subclass. • Private Attributes: Indicated by double underscores (__), not directly accessible outside the class or subclass.
• 15.
  Inheritance in Action- Example Parent Class: class Animal: def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def speak(self): print(f"{self.name} makes a sound") Child Class: class Dog(Animal): def speak(self): print(f"{self.name} barks") class Cat(Animal): def speak(self): print(f"{self.name} meows") dog = Dog("Buddy") cat = Cat("Kitty") dog.speak() # Buddy barks cat.speak() # Kitty meows
• 16.
  Conclusion - Inheritance allowsone class to acquire attributes and methods from another. - It promotes code reuse and provides a way to extend or modify functionality. - You can override methods in the child class and use super() to call the parent class's methods.
• 17.
  Q&A • Open floorfor questions and clarifications.