information system lecture notes

information system lecture notes

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  INFORMATION SYSTEM Lecture # 11
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  Principles of Information Systems (Eighth Edition) CHAPTER 5 ORGANIZING DATA AND INFORMATION
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  PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES  Data management and modeling are key aspects of organizing data and information  Define general data management concepts and terms, highlighting the advantages of the database approach to data management  Describe the relational database model and outline its basic features 3 Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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  PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES(CONTINUED)  A well-designed and well-managed database is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth  Identifythe common functions performed by all database management systems and identify popular user database management systems 4
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  PRINCIPLES AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES(CONTINUED)  The number and types of database applications will continue to evolve and yield real business benefits Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth  Identify and briefly discuss current database applications 5
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  WHY LEARN ABOUTDATABASE SYSTEMS? Database systems process and organize large amounts of data Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth  Examples:  Marketing manager can access customer data  Corporate lawyer can access past cases and opinions 6
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  INTRODUCTION  Database: anorganized collection of data  Database management system (DBMS): Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth group of programs to manage database  Manipulates database  Provides an interface between database and the user of the database and other application programs  Database administrator (DBA): skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization’s database 7
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  DATA MANAGEMENT  Withoutdata and the ability to process it, an organization could not successfully complete most business activities Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth  Data consists of raw facts  To transform data into useful information, it must first be organized in a meaningful way 8
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  THE HIERARCHY OFDATA  Bit (a binary digit): represents a circuit that is either on or off Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth  Byte: typically made up of eight bits  Character: a byte represents a character; the basic building block of information  Can be an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, numeric digit, or special symbol  Field: typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity 9
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  THE HIERARCHY OFDATA (CONTINUED)  Record: collection of related data fields  File: collection of related records Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth  Database: collection of integrated and related files  Hierarchy of data  Bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases 10
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  THE HIERARCHY OFDATA (CONTINUED) Figure 5.1: The Hierarchy of Data Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 11
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  DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES,AND KEYS  Entity: generalized class of people, places, or things (objects) for which data is collected, stored, and maintained Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth  Attribute: characteristic of an entity  Data item: specific value of an attribute  Key: field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record  Primary key: field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record 12
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  DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES,AND KEYS (CONTINUED) Figure 5.2: Keys and Attributes Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 13
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  THE DATABASE APPROACH Traditional approach to data management: separate data files are created and stored for each Edition Principles of Information Systems, Eighth application program  Database approach to data management: a pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs  Offerssignificant advantages over the traditional file- based approach 14
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  THE DATABASE APPROACH(CONTINUED) Figure 5.3: The Database Approach to Data Management Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 15
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  THE DATABASE APPROACH(CONTINUED) Table 5.1: Advantages of the Database Approach Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 16
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  THE DATABASE APPROACH(CONTINUED) Table 5.1: Advantages of the Database Approach (continued) Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 17
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  THE DATABASE APPROACH(CONTINUED) Table 5.2: Disadvantages of the Database Approach Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition 18