The document compares Node.js and Golang as backend development options, highlighting their key features, performance, popularity, scalability, learning curve, error handling, and development tools. Node.js is noted for its ease of use, significant community support, and a wealth of development tools, whereas Golang excels in performance, concurrency, and type safety but has a steeper learning curve. Ultimately, both languages offer robust capabilities for app development, with a recommendation to choose based on specific project needs.