computer sciencecompiler Introduction Lecture notes

computer sciencecompiler Introduction Lecture notes

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  1 / 18 CSC401: Compiler Construction 2023/2024 Academic Year
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  2 / 18 Modeof Assessment ● Three (3) major assignments – 20 Marks ● Three Quizzes – 20 Marks ● Mid – Semester Exams (1) – 15 marks + 5 marks from Quizzes ● Attendance – 10 Marks ● Main Exams – 30 Marks Reading Material – A Practical Approach to Compiler Construction. Des Watson (2017), Springer. – Compilers Principles, Techniques, & Tools, by A.V. Aho, R.Sethi & J.D.Ullman, Pearson Education – Principle of Compiler Design, A.V.Aho and J.D. Ullman, Addition – Wesley
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  3 / 18 CourseOutline ● Module-I : – Introduction to Compiling, – A Simple One-Pass Compiler, – Lexical analysis ● Module-II: – Syntax Analysis, – Syntax-Directed Translation ● Module-III – Type Checking, – Run-Time Environments ● Module-IV – Intermediate Code Generation, – Code generation and Optimization
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  4 / 18 ModuleI Introduction to Compiling
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  5 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
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  6 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM Preprocessor ● A preprocessor produce input to compilers. ● They may perform the following functions. – Macro processing: A preprocessor may allow a user to define macros that are short hands for longer constructs. – File inclusion: A preprocessor may include header files into the program text. – Rational preprocessor: these preprocessors augment older languages with more modern flow-of-control and data structuring facilities. – Language Extensions: These preprocessor attempts to add capabilities to the language by certain amounts to build-in macro.
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  7 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM Compiler ● Compiler is a translator program that translates a program written in a source program (HLL) into an equivalent program in (MLL) the target program. ● An important part of a compiler is the error messaging system. Structure of a Compiler
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  8 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM Compiler ● Executing a program written in HLL programming language is basically of two parts: – the source program must first be compiled/translated into an object program. – Then the resulting object program is loaded into a memory and executed. Execution process of source program in Compiler
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  9 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM Assembler ● Because of the difficult in writing or reading programs in machine language. ● Programmers use a mnemonic (symbols) for each machine instruction, which are subsequently translated into machine language. ● Such a mnemonic machine language is called an assembly language. ● Programs known as assemblers were written to automate the translation of assembly language into machine language. ● The input to an assembler program is called source program, the output is a machine language translation (object program).
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  10 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM Interpreter ● An interpreter is a program that appears to execute a source program as if it were machine language. – Languages such as BASIC, SNOBOL, LISP can be translated using interpreters. – JAVA also uses interpreter. ● The process of interpretation can be carried out in following phases: – Lexical analysis – Synatx analysis – Semantic analysis – Direct Execution
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  11 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM Interpreter ● Advantages: – Modification of user program can be easily made and implemented as execution proceeds. – Type of object that denotes a variables may change dynamically. – Debugging a program and finding errors is simplified for a program used for interpretation. – The interpreter for the language makes it machine independent. ● Disadvantages: – The execution of the program is slower. – Memory consumption is more.
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  12 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM ● LOADER AND LINK-EDITOR: Write short notes on these.
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  13 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM ● LOADER AND LINK-EDITOR: Write short notes on these.
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  14 / 18 1.0INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM ● LIST OF COMPILERS – Ada compilers – ALGOL compilers – BASIC compilers – C# compilers – C compilers – C++ compilers – COBOL compilers – – Common Lisp compilers – ECMAScript interpreters – Fortran compilers – Java compilers – Pascal compilers – PL/I compilers – Python compilers – Smalltalk compilers
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  15 / 18 2.0TRANSLATOR ● A translator is a program that takes as input a program written in one language and produces as output a program in another language. ● Beside program translation, the translator performs another very important role, the error-detection. ● Any violation of the HLL specification would be detected and reported to the programmer. ● Important role of translator are: – Translating the HLL program input into an equivalent ml program. – Providing diagnostic messages wherever the programmer violates specification of the HLL
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