C Programming fundamental concepts with uses

C Programming Basics and Real-World Applications

➔ History: C was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972. ➔ Influence: C is the foundation of many modern programming languages like C++, C#, and Java. ➔ Usage: Widely used in system software, game development, and embedded systems. Introduction to C Programming

C Syntax Influence C is often considered a "mother language" due to its direct or indirect influence on many contemporary programming languages. 80% Modern programming languages have syntax or structural elements derived from C

➔ Efficiency: C provides low-level access to memory and high-level language features. ➔ Portability: Programs written in C are highly portable and can be compiled on various platforms. ➔ Foundation: Learning C helps in understanding other programming languages and computer architecture. Why Learn C Programming?

Structure of a C Program Components: ● Header Files (#include <stdio.h>) ● Main Function (int main()) ● Statements (printf("Hello, World!");) ● Return Statement (return 0;)

Data Types ● Basic: int, float, double, char ● Derived: Arrays, Pointers, Structures ● Others: void, Enumerations Key Concepts in C Programming Operators ● Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, % ● Relational: ==, !=, >, < ● Logical: &&, ||, ! ● Bitwise: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

Arrays ● Definition: Collection of elements of the same data type. ● Syntax: dataType arrayName[arraySize]; ● Example: int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; Key Concepts in C Programming Control Structures ● Conditional: if, else, switch ● Loops: for, while, do-while

Core Concepts of C Programming

➔ Variable that stores the memory address of another variable. ➔ Syntax: dataType *pointerName; ➔ Usage: Dynamic memory allocation, passing variables to functions by reference. Pointers in C

➔ Array of characters ending with a null character (0). ➔ Syntax: char str[] = "Hello"; ➔ String Functions: strlen(), strcpy(), strcmp() Strings in C

➔ File Operations: fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite(), fprintf(), fscanf() File Handling in C

➔ Functions: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), free() Dynamic Memory Allocation

➔ Commands processed by the preprocessor before the actual compilation. ➔ Common Directives: #define, #include, #ifdef, #ifndef Preprocessor Directives

➔ Interfacing with Databases: Using C with MySQL or SQLite. C in Database Management

➔ Socket Programming: Creating servers and clients. C in Networking

Advantages of C ➔ Efficiency: Fast execution and low-level memory access. ➔ Portability: Easily runs on various platforms with minimal changes. ➔ Rich Libraries: Extensive standard libraries for diverse functionalities. ➔ System-Level Programming: Ideal for operating systems and embedded systems. ➔ Foundation for Other Languages: Serves as a base for learning and understanding other programming languages.

Limitations of C ➔ No Object-Oriented Support: Lacks built-in support for object-oriented programming (OOP). ➔ Manual Memory Management: Requires manual allocation and deallocation of memory, leading to potential memory leaks. ➔ No Built-in Error Handling: Lacks native error-handling mechanisms like exceptions. ➔ Limited Standard Library: The standard library is relatively small compared to modern languages. ➔ Low-Level Complexity: Pointer manipulation and manual memory management can be error-prone and complex.

System Programming Operating Systems ➔ C is used in the development of operating systems like UNIX, Linux, and Windows. ➔ Key components like kernels, drivers, and file systems are often written in C due to its efficiency and control over hardware.

Embedded Systems Microcontrollers and IoT Devices: ➔ C is widely used in programming microcontrollers and IoT devices. ➔ It allows direct manipulation of hardware, making it ideal for real-time, low- level programming in embedded systems.

Game Development Game Engines and Graphics: ➔ C is used in game engines such as Unreal Engine and for developing performance-critical parts of games. ➔ Its efficiency is crucial for rendering graphics, processing physics, and managing memory in games.

Database Management Interfacing with Databases: ➔ C is employed in creating database management systems like MySQL. ➔ It enables direct interaction with databases, allowing for optimized performance in querying and data manipulation

What next? ➔ C Programming with UI - GTK ➔ C Programming with Database

C Programming fundamental concepts with uses

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C Programming fundamental concepts with uses