© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Atul Solanki, Manager, DevOps at Dentegra Binoy Das, Partner Solutions Architect, Amazon Web Services Jeff Zeisler, Global VP of Field Services, Delphix Accelerate Design and Development of Data Projects Using AWS
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Today’s Agenda 1. An Overview of Cloud Data Migration on AWS 2. How Dentegra uses Delphix on AWS to increase data agility and protection 3. Using Dynamic Data Platform from Delphix to make data fast and secure 4. Q&A/Discussion
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Cloud Migration on AWS
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Common Cloud Data Migration Challenges Manual Effort Difficult to take manual snapshots, causes production disruption Security and Compliance Meeting compliance regulations data storage and archival is difficult to achieve Cost and Time Moving TB or PB of data is expensive and time consuming
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Benefits of AWS Increase speed and agility Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers Benefits from massive economies of scale Stop guessing capacity Trade capital expense for variable expense Go global in minutes
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Benefits of AWS for Data Migration Scalable Automatically scales up and down Low Cost Allows you to pay only for what you use Secure Encrypt data and tightly control access Easy to Maintain No need to buy or maintain on- premises hardware Integrated Optimize your storage solutions by integrating multiple AWS services
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Database on AWS A managed relational database in cloud that you can launch in minutes Amazon RDS A fully managed MySQL and PostgreSQL Compatible relational database at 1/10th of the cost of enterprise database systems Amazon Aurora Help migrating your databases to AWS easily and inexpensively with minimal downtime AWS Database Migration Service
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Key AWS Certifications and Assurance Programs
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Dentegra
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. About Dentegra Dentegra Insurance Company, headquartered in San Francisco, is part of a nationwide insurance holding company system that provides dental benefits for nearly 33 million people. The Dentegra network has 480 PPO dentists working in 308 dentist locations statewide, and more than 26,000 dentists in 18,120 locations across the United States.  Leading the charge to redefine the dental insurance industry  Simple, affordable, quality insurance that focuses on preventive care  Straightforward and secure online services help enrollees take charge of their dental health Dentegra is a new take on dental insurance: The price is right, the quality is high, the process is clear and simple. Created specifically to meet the needs of a consumer-oriented marketplace, Dentegra Insurance Company is committed to serving diverse populations through technology, innovation and collaboration. By providing expertise and leadership in dental benefits for the exchange marketplace, we close the dental insurance gap with products and services that help enrollees maintain a healthy, beautiful smile. Our technology delivers an easy solution for individuals and groups to purchase and manage their dental plans, and also allows us to seamlessly integrate with exchanges.
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Dentegra Challenges As Dentegra customers are becoming digital savvy, new feature introduction cannot have long development cycle of 8 weeks or longer and its rollout impact on core business processes.  Manual process of data refreshes results in long downtime.  Security of PHI (protected health information) and PII (personally identifiable information) data.  Infrastructure provisioning, configuration, deployment and teardown related to data contributed significant delay.
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Architecture – Dentegra + Delphix + AWS PRODUCTION SOURCE ON-PREMISE CLOUD De-identified data ON-PREMISE De-identified data Replicate masked data Sending change data Data Masking Intermediate Appliance (Bastion)  Synchronize with on-premise source  De-identify data  Replicate only masked data to remote instance  Replicate incremental changes  Refresh and provision virtualized database to developers Physical Database Virtual Database
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Specific Benefits to Dentegra  With fresh, secure data available in the cloud, Dentegra can easily deliver new virtual data copies to a team of over 200 developers, in hours  Reduced the time it takes to move data to cloud environments.  Integrated Data masking of PHI and PII data before replicating to AWS  API provides integration between Delphix and DevOps toolchain  Decrease storage requirements in AWS by leveraging virtual instead of physical data copies  Realized significant reductions in the storage it needs for non-production environments for Dentegra 16TB on-premise claims processing database
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Building Elastic Dev/Test Data Model for Aws Delphix Dynamic Data Platform
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Streamline Data Operations to Unlock Cloud Value 16 Simplified Hybrid Cloud Fast, De-Risked Migrations Efficient Cloud Operations
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Delphix Transforms Cloud Adoption Masked cloud data Non-disruptive, efficient data migration Space-efficient data environments Cloud environments synced with onprem apps Easy portability across clouds Sensitive data at risk Environment size and availability constraints High cloud storage costs Complex processes to enable hybrid Cloud vendor lock-in AFTERBEFORE
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Hybrid Cloud without Delphix Complex, manual processes slow data movement and refresh for hybrid clouds data migration and refresh for hybrid cloud
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. CLOUD Hybrid Cloud with Delphix Efficiently migrate and refresh data 19 ON-PREMISE Production Source DEV QA • Synchronize with on-prem source • Compress and mask data • Replicate secure data to cloud-based instance • Provision data pods to consumers Self-service data access and control for data consumers Replicate data to cloud; eliminate lift and shift Non-disruptively sync with production Provision new environments automatically, in just minutes Automatically discover and mask sensitive data Comprehensive solution streamlines processes for data operators and improves collaboration, self-service for data consumers
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. CLOUD Hybrid Cloud with Delphix Efficiently sync and refresh data 20 ON-PREMISE Production Source DEV QA • Continuously replicate incremental changes • Refresh data to reflect latest state of production Continuously replicate only change data, preserving bandwidth Non-disruptively capture change data Cloud-based platform stays updated with latest data from production REFRESH Refresh environments automatically via self service
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. How Delphix Accelerates Cloud Migrations 6. Cutover and go live in the Cloud. Operate with agility and efficiency. CloudProviderNetwork CLOUD 3. Mask data on premises, ensuring no sensitive data leaves the production network Mask in Production Zone ON-PREMISE 2. Deploy second Delphix instance in the cloud, continuously replicate between instances Continuously replicate 5. Use Virtual-to-Physical to test and tweak production performance in the cloud STAGE V2P TEST FIX ARCHIVE NON- PRODUCTION ClientNetwork 4. Provision masked/unmasked test and trial cutover environments in either location TEST DEV STAGE 1. Deploy first Delphix instance on premises and synchronize with production systems PRODUCTION APP RDBMS
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Delphix Shifts the Migration Curve Left and Accelerates ROI 2 2 Planning 3 6 9 CostofMigration($) Time (Months) 12 15 Deployment, Optimization Double Rent Migration Labor Migration Infrastructure Staff Training Rehearsals The Migration Bubble Traditional Approach Delphix
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Run More Efficiently in the Cloud Improve Data Governance Reduce Operating Costs Release Applications in the Cloud Faster • Reduce storage requirements by 90% • Reduce the costs of releasing applications in the cloud • Eliminate sensitive data at risk • Ensure compliance with regulations (e.g. HIPAA, PCI) • Remove delays in testing with self service • Seamlessly integrate with DevOps tools in the cloud
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Proven in the Enterprise... 24 FINANCE Top Financial Service Institutions 5 of 10 Top Health Insurers INSURANCE 7 of 10 Top Retailers RETAILERS 3 of 5 Top Banks BANKS 3 of 5 TELECOM Top Telcos 3 of 5 TECHNOLOGY Top Tech Cos. 6 of 10
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. • Reduce Application projects and release cycle times by 30 to 50% • Immediately improve productivity / wait time of Developers, Testers, DBA’s • Improve release quality – 80% fewer bugs hit production • Profile and mask sensitive data before distribution to target environments • Adherence to data privacy & governance Summary – Dentegra Application Development and Data Privacy 25
© 2018 Delphix. All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. • Start realizing cloud benefits with hybrid cloud for development scenarios • Improve infrastructure efficiencies resulting in 80% lower storage costs • Simplify cloud adoption & accelerate migration projects • Enable data portability across environments & avoid vendor lock-in Summary – Dentegra Cloud Benefits
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Q&A
© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Next steps and further information Try Delphix for AWS https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/B01N7U5MDQ?qid=1527029324178&sr=0- 1&ref_=srh_res_product_title Learn more about Cloud Data Migration on AWS https://aws.amazon.com/cloud-data-migration/ https://www.delphix.com/solutions/aws Try AWS for Free https://aws.amazon.com/free/start-your-free-trial/ Try Delphix https://www.delphix.com/try

Accelerate Design and Development of Data Projects Using AWS

  • 1.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Atul Solanki, Manager, DevOps at Dentegra Binoy Das, Partner Solutions Architect, Amazon Web Services Jeff Zeisler, Global VP of Field Services, Delphix Accelerate Design and Development of Data Projects Using AWS
  • 2.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Today’s Agenda 1. An Overview of Cloud Data Migration on AWS 2. How Dentegra uses Delphix on AWS to increase data agility and protection 3. Using Dynamic Data Platform from Delphix to make data fast and secure 4. Q&A/Discussion
  • 3.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Cloud Migration on AWS
  • 4.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Common Cloud Data Migration Challenges Manual Effort Difficult to take manual snapshots, causes production disruption Security and Compliance Meeting compliance regulations data storage and archival is difficult to achieve Cost and Time Moving TB or PB of data is expensive and time consuming
  • 5.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Benefits of AWS Increase speed and agility Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers Benefits from massive economies of scale Stop guessing capacity Trade capital expense for variable expense Go global in minutes
  • 6.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Benefits of AWS for Data Migration Scalable Automatically scales up and down Low Cost Allows you to pay only for what you use Secure Encrypt data and tightly control access Easy to Maintain No need to buy or maintain on- premises hardware Integrated Optimize your storage solutions by integrating multiple AWS services
  • 7.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Database on AWS A managed relational database in cloud that you can launch in minutes Amazon RDS A fully managed MySQL and PostgreSQL Compatible relational database at 1/10th of the cost of enterprise database systems Amazon Aurora Help migrating your databases to AWS easily and inexpensively with minimal downtime AWS Database Migration Service
  • 8.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Key AWS Certifications and Assurance Programs
  • 9.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Dentegra
  • 10.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. About Dentegra Dentegra Insurance Company, headquartered in San Francisco, is part of a nationwide insurance holding company system that provides dental benefits for nearly 33 million people. The Dentegra network has 480 PPO dentists working in 308 dentist locations statewide, and more than 26,000 dentists in 18,120 locations across the United States.  Leading the charge to redefine the dental insurance industry  Simple, affordable, quality insurance that focuses on preventive care  Straightforward and secure online services help enrollees take charge of their dental health Dentegra is a new take on dental insurance: The price is right, the quality is high, the process is clear and simple. Created specifically to meet the needs of a consumer-oriented marketplace, Dentegra Insurance Company is committed to serving diverse populations through technology, innovation and collaboration. By providing expertise and leadership in dental benefits for the exchange marketplace, we close the dental insurance gap with products and services that help enrollees maintain a healthy, beautiful smile. Our technology delivers an easy solution for individuals and groups to purchase and manage their dental plans, and also allows us to seamlessly integrate with exchanges.
  • 11.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Dentegra Challenges As Dentegra customers are becoming digital savvy, new feature introduction cannot have long development cycle of 8 weeks or longer and its rollout impact on core business processes.  Manual process of data refreshes results in long downtime.  Security of PHI (protected health information) and PII (personally identifiable information) data.  Infrastructure provisioning, configuration, deployment and teardown related to data contributed significant delay.
  • 12.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Architecture – Dentegra + Delphix + AWS PRODUCTION SOURCE ON-PREMISE CLOUD De-identified data ON-PREMISE De-identified data Replicate masked data Sending change data Data Masking Intermediate Appliance (Bastion)  Synchronize with on-premise source  De-identify data  Replicate only masked data to remote instance  Replicate incremental changes  Refresh and provision virtualized database to developers Physical Database Virtual Database
  • 13.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Specific Benefits to Dentegra  With fresh, secure data available in the cloud, Dentegra can easily deliver new virtual data copies to a team of over 200 developers, in hours  Reduced the time it takes to move data to cloud environments.  Integrated Data masking of PHI and PII data before replicating to AWS  API provides integration between Delphix and DevOps toolchain  Decrease storage requirements in AWS by leveraging virtual instead of physical data copies  Realized significant reductions in the storage it needs for non-production environments for Dentegra 16TB on-premise claims processing database
  • 14.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Building Elastic Dev/Test Data Model for Aws Delphix Dynamic Data Platform
  • 15.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Streamline Data Operations to Unlock Cloud Value 16 Simplified Hybrid Cloud Fast, De-Risked Migrations Efficient Cloud Operations
  • 16.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Delphix Transforms Cloud Adoption Masked cloud data Non-disruptive, efficient data migration Space-efficient data environments Cloud environments synced with onprem apps Easy portability across clouds Sensitive data at risk Environment size and availability constraints High cloud storage costs Complex processes to enable hybrid Cloud vendor lock-in AFTERBEFORE
  • 17.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Hybrid Cloud without Delphix Complex, manual processes slow data movement and refresh for hybrid clouds data migration and refresh for hybrid cloud
  • 18.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. CLOUD Hybrid Cloud with Delphix Efficiently migrate and refresh data 19 ON-PREMISE Production Source DEV QA • Synchronize with on-prem source • Compress and mask data • Replicate secure data to cloud-based instance • Provision data pods to consumers Self-service data access and control for data consumers Replicate data to cloud; eliminate lift and shift Non-disruptively sync with production Provision new environments automatically, in just minutes Automatically discover and mask sensitive data Comprehensive solution streamlines processes for data operators and improves collaboration, self-service for data consumers
  • 19.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. CLOUD Hybrid Cloud with Delphix Efficiently sync and refresh data 20 ON-PREMISE Production Source DEV QA • Continuously replicate incremental changes • Refresh data to reflect latest state of production Continuously replicate only change data, preserving bandwidth Non-disruptively capture change data Cloud-based platform stays updated with latest data from production REFRESH Refresh environments automatically via self service
  • 20.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. How Delphix Accelerates Cloud Migrations 6. Cutover and go live in the Cloud. Operate with agility and efficiency. CloudProviderNetwork CLOUD 3. Mask data on premises, ensuring no sensitive data leaves the production network Mask in Production Zone ON-PREMISE 2. Deploy second Delphix instance in the cloud, continuously replicate between instances Continuously replicate 5. Use Virtual-to-Physical to test and tweak production performance in the cloud STAGE V2P TEST FIX ARCHIVE NON- PRODUCTION ClientNetwork 4. Provision masked/unmasked test and trial cutover environments in either location TEST DEV STAGE 1. Deploy first Delphix instance on premises and synchronize with production systems PRODUCTION APP RDBMS
  • 21.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Delphix Shifts the Migration Curve Left and Accelerates ROI 2 2 Planning 3 6 9 CostofMigration($) Time (Months) 12 15 Deployment, Optimization Double Rent Migration Labor Migration Infrastructure Staff Training Rehearsals The Migration Bubble Traditional Approach Delphix
  • 22.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Run More Efficiently in the Cloud Improve Data Governance Reduce Operating Costs Release Applications in the Cloud Faster • Reduce storage requirements by 90% • Reduce the costs of releasing applications in the cloud • Eliminate sensitive data at risk • Ensure compliance with regulations (e.g. HIPAA, PCI) • Remove delays in testing with self service • Seamlessly integrate with DevOps tools in the cloud
  • 23.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. Proven in the Enterprise... 24 FINANCE Top Financial Service Institutions 5 of 10 Top Health Insurers INSURANCE 7 of 10 Top Retailers RETAILERS 3 of 5 Top Banks BANKS 3 of 5 TELECOM Top Telcos 3 of 5 TECHNOLOGY Top Tech Cos. 6 of 10
  • 24.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. • Reduce Application projects and release cycle times by 30 to 50% • Immediately improve productivity / wait time of Developers, Testers, DBA’s • Improve release quality – 80% fewer bugs hit production • Profile and mask sensitive data before distribution to target environments • Adherence to data privacy & governance Summary – Dentegra Application Development and Data Privacy 25
  • 25.
    © 2018 Delphix.All Rights Reserved. Private and Confidential. • Start realizing cloud benefits with hybrid cloud for development scenarios • Improve infrastructure efficiencies resulting in 80% lower storage costs • Simplify cloud adoption & accelerate migration projects • Enable data portability across environments & avoid vendor lock-in Summary – Dentegra Cloud Benefits
  • 26.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Q&A
  • 27.
    © 2018, AmazonWeb Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved. Next steps and further information Try Delphix for AWS https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/B01N7U5MDQ?qid=1527029324178&sr=0- 1&ref_=srh_res_product_title Learn more about Cloud Data Migration on AWS https://aws.amazon.com/cloud-data-migration/ https://www.delphix.com/solutions/aws Try AWS for Free https://aws.amazon.com/free/start-your-free-trial/ Try Delphix https://www.delphix.com/try

Editor's Notes

  • #5 It's a basic underlying problem: how much data can move how far how fast? For a best case scenario use this formula: Number of Days = (Total Bytes)/(Megabits per second * 125 * 1000 * Network Utilization * 60 seconds * 60 minutes * 24 hours) For example, if you have a T1 connection (1.544Mbps) and 1TB (1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 bytes) to move in or out of AWS the theoretical minimum time it would take to load over your network connection at 80% network utilization is 82 days.
  • #9 We are also certified and accredited by a wide range of regulators and industry bodies. Here is a list of key bodies that have either certified us, or we have a workbook of guidance showing you how to validate an AWS environment against these standards. every customer benefits from the tough scrutiny of other AWS customers! Top Row (left to right) ISO 27001 Information Security Management ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems Requirements American Institute of Certified Professional Accounts (SOC 1, SOC 2, SOC 3 reports) Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) Federal Information Security Management Cloud Security Alliance Middle Row: TUV Trust IT – independent certification body for the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) IT Baseline protection methodology (IT Grundschutz) UK G-Cloud Digital Marketplace HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accountability Act) Federal Information Processing Standards 140-2 Americans with Disabilities Act Section 508 Motion Pictures of America Association Bottom Row: US International Traffic in Arms Regulations Department of Defense Cloud Security Model Criminal Justice Information Systems (CJIS) Security Policy Federal Risk Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) Australian Information Risk Assurance Program US Department of Education (FERPA)
  • #17 Simple: Easy to install and setup. Implement without specialized programming expertise Comprehensive: Works everywhere you need it (on-premises, cloud and across a broad range of data sources). End-to-end approach to masking (profile, mask, audit) Fast: Quickly create masked data and deliver it where it needs to go through (integration with virtualization)
  • #18 Simple: Easy to install and setup. Implement without specialized programming expertise Comprehensive: Works everywhere you need it (on-premises, cloud and across a broad range of data sources). End-to-end approach to masking (profile, mask, audit) Fast: Quickly create masked data and deliver it where it needs to go through (integration with virtualization)
  • #19 Step 1: backup the production database (8) Step 2: restore the backup and mask it Step 3: backup the masked database Step 4: transfer the masked copy to the Cloud Step 5: restore the masked backup to each non prod environment Data is migrated, but this doesn’t count for ongoing data loads, which is really a way to avoid reloading the entire database throughout the cloud migration project! To refresh to the cloud will take considerable time and resources.. with Delphix, roadblock of full refreshes removed from the scenario!
  • #20 Businesses can deploy Delphix to enable development and testing within a hybrid-cloud architecture: Production remains on premises… …with dev/test environments in a cloud such as AWS or Azure Businesses can struggle to securely move dev/test data to the cloud, and then keep that data fresh The Delphix platform dramatically simplifies the process of securing the data, moving it the cloud, providing fast access to dev/test teams, and refreshing the data when needed In this scenario, Delphix: Collects data from the on-prem source Compresses and masks the data Replicates data to a second instance of the Delphix engine over an encrypted channel, ensuring that only masked data is sent to the cloud Allows for the fast provisioning of cloud-based data pods handed off to development and testing teams
  • #21 Businesses can deploy Delphix to enable development and testing within a hybrid-cloud architecture: Production remains on premises… …with dev/test environments in a cloud such as AWS or Azure Businesses can struggle to securely move dev/test data to the cloud, and then keep that data fresh The Delphix platform dramatically simplifies the process of securing the data, moving it the cloud, providing fast access to dev/test teams, and refreshing the data when needed In this scenario, Delphix: Collects data from the on-prem source Compresses and masks the data Replicates data to a second instance of the Delphix engine over an encrypted channel, ensuring that only masked data is sent to the cloud Allows for the fast provisioning of cloud-based data pods handed off to development and testing teams
  • #22 Deploy a Delphix Engine on-premise and synchronize with production systems Deploy a second Delphix Engine in the cloud. Configure replication between engines Mask data on-premise, ensuring no sensitive data leaves the production network Provision masked test environments and trial cutover environments (either on-prem or in the cloud) Quickly bookmark, reset environments to accelerate testing and pilot programs Use V2P to test and tweak production performance in the cloud Enable fast triage after the cutover is complete with time machine and on-demand prod support environments Deploy as many environments as needed in a fraction of the space once operational in the cloud Archive legacy systems in significantly less space