python - SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.example.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded

Python - SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.example.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded

The SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(...): Max retries exceeded error typically occurs when Python's requests library fails to establish a secure connection (HTTPS) to a server after several retries. This can happen due to various reasons such as network issues, server configuration problems, or security settings. Here are some steps and considerations to troubleshoot and resolve this issue:

1. Check Network Connectivity

Ensure that your Python environment has access to the internet and can reach the server you're trying to connect to. Sometimes, firewall settings or network configurations can prevent outbound connections.

2. Verify URL and Server Availability

Double-check the URL (www.example.com in your case) to ensure it is correct and that the server is operational and reachable from your network.

3. Update requests Library

Ensure that your requests library is up-to-date. You can update it using pip:

pip install --upgrade requests

4. Handle SSL Verification

By default, requests verifies SSL certificates. If there are issues with certificate verification, you can try disabling it (not recommended for production unless you are certain of the server's security):

import requests from requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning # Suppress InsecureRequestWarning (optional) requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning) # Make request with SSL verification disabled response = requests.get('https://www.example.com', verify=False)

5. Increase Retry Attempts

You can increase the number of retry attempts using the retry parameter in requests.get() to see if it resolves transient network issues:

import requests from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter from requests.packages.urllib3.util.retry import Retry # Configure retry strategy retry_strategy = Retry( total=5, # Number of retry attempts backoff_factor=1, # Exponential backoff factor status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 504], # HTTP status codes to retry method_whitelist=["HEAD", "GET", "OPTIONS"] # HTTP methods to retry ) adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry_strategy) # Create session with retry adapter session = requests.Session() session.mount('https://', adapter) # Make request using the session response = session.get('https://www.example.com')

6. Verify SSL Certificates

Ensure that the SSL certificates on the server are valid and trusted. If there are issues with the certificates, you might need to update or reinstall them.

7. Check Server-Side Logs

Inspect server-side logs for any errors or indications of why the HTTPS connection is failing.

8. Proxy Settings

If you are behind a proxy server, configure requests to use the proxy settings:

import requests proxies = { 'http': 'http://your_proxy', 'https': 'https://your_proxy', } response = requests.get('https://www.example.com', proxies=proxies)

Conclusion

Examples

  1. "Python requests SSLError max retries exceeded"

    • Description: Handle SSLError by specifying a higher number of retries and backoff strategy using requests.adapters.
    • Code:
      import requests from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter from urllib3.util.retry import Retry session = requests.Session() retries = Retry(total=5, backoff_factor=1, status_forcelist=[502, 503, 504]) session.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)) try: response = session.get('https://www.example.com') print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e: print(f"SSL error: {e}")

  2. "Python disable SSL verification requests"

    • Description: Disable SSL verification in requests to bypass SSL errors.
    • Code:
      import requests try: response = requests.get('https://www.example.com', verify=False) print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e: print(f"SSL error: {e}")

  3. "Python handle requests SSLError"

    • Description: Catch and handle SSLError exceptions in requests.
    • Code:
      import requests try: response = requests.get('https://www.example.com') print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e: print(f"SSL error: {e}")

  4. "Python requests max retries exceeded workaround"

    • Description: Implement a retry mechanism with custom headers to handle max retries exceeded errors.
    • Code:
      import requests from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter from urllib3.util.retry import Retry headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'} session = requests.Session() retries = Retry(total=5, backoff_factor=1) session.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)) try: response = session.get('https://www.example.com', headers=headers) print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"Error: {e}")

  5. "Python verify SSL certificate requests"

    • Description: Verify SSL certificate by providing the path to a custom CA bundle.
    • Code:
      import requests try: response = requests.get('https://www.example.com', verify='/path/to/cert.pem') print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e: print(f"SSL error: {e}")

  6. "Python requests increase timeout for SSL errors"

    • Description: Increase the timeout for requests to handle SSL errors due to slow responses.
    • Code:
      import requests try: response = requests.get('https://www.example.com', timeout=10) print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"Error: {e}")

  7. "Python requests max retries exceeded custom adapter"

    • Description: Use a custom adapter to handle Max retries exceeded errors with exponential backoff.
    • Code:
      import requests from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter from urllib3.util.retry import Retry session = requests.Session() retries = Retry(total=5, backoff_factor=0.5, status_forcelist=[502, 503, 504]) session.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)) try: response = session.get('https://www.example.com') print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"Error: {e}")

  8. "Python requests max retries exceeded proxy"

    • Description: Configure requests to use a proxy and handle Max retries exceeded errors.
    • Code:
      import requests from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter from urllib3.util.retry import Retry proxies = { 'https': 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', } session = requests.Session() retries = Retry(total=5, backoff_factor=1, status_forcelist=[502, 503, 504]) session.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)) try: response = session.get('https://www.example.com', proxies=proxies) print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"Error: {e}")

  9. "Python requests max retries exceeded logging"

    • Description: Add logging to diagnose Max retries exceeded errors in requests.
    • Code:
      import requests import logging from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter from urllib3.util.retry import Retry logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) session = requests.Session() retries = Retry(total=5, backoff_factor=1) session.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries)) try: response = session.get('https://www.example.com') print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"Error: {e}")

  10. "Python requests handle SSL errors"

    • Description: Handle SSL errors in requests by catching SSLError and RequestException.
    • Code:
      import requests try: response = requests.get('https://www.example.com') print(response.content) except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e: print(f"SSL error: {e}") except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: print(f"Request error: {e}")

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